(2005). Guidelines for Inclusion: Ensuring Access to Education for All. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These guidelines were created by UNESCO to assist countries in making National Plans for Education more inclusive, recognizing that there was a lack of guidelines to assist in this important process. This document thus provides guidelines and concepts for rendering National Education Plans / Education for All (EFA) more inclusive, with the objective of ensuring access and quality education for ALL learners. It is intended to systematize how excluded children are planned for in education. It begins with a brief introduction, which provides a historical perspective on the origins of inclusion and describes the shift from integration towards inclusion. It is then divided into three main parts. The first provides a theoretical framework. It defines inclusion, explains how it is founded in a human rights approach and how it relates to factors such as quality and cost-effectiveness. The second part looks at more practical changes at the school level. It outlines the key elements in the… [PDF]

Turnbull, Ann P.; Turnbull, H. Rutherford, III (1998). Free Appropriate Public Education: The Law and Children with Disabilities. Fifth Edition. This book examines schools' legal responsibility for providing equal educational opportunities for children with disabilities under the 1997 reauthorized Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). First, an introduction to the American legal system and federal policy on disability is provided. Next, the six principles of special education law are analyzed: (1) zero reject, or the right of every child to be included in a free, appropriate, publicly supported educational system; (2) nondiscriminatory testing, placement, and classification; (3) individualized and appropriate education; (4) least restrictive appropriate educational placement; (5) procedural due process; and (6) parent participation and shared decision making. Methods of enforcing the law, through case law techniques and statutory techniques, are then discussed. The book also presents common objections to the six legal principles and answers those objections. It presents the pre-1997 provision of IDEA so that…

Durand-Prinborgne, Claude (2002). The Legal Aspects of Educational Planning and Administration. Fundamentals of Educational Planning. The purpose of this monograph, which is aimed at educational planners, is to explain the essential aspects of the relationship between planning and law. It is intended to illustrate the role of law in the planning and administration of school systems and thus familiarize education specialists with the tools needed to understand legal administration rules for school systems. It presents its points using the French situation as a model, which is representative of a sociopolitical system where law plays an exceptional role in the field of education, including higher education, reflected both in the sheer amount of legislation and its judicial interpretation and in the influence the legislation exerts. Several topical themes–including decentralization, decision-making procedures, administrative organization, contractual procedures, and conflict resolution–are discussed in detail. Chapter titles reveal the monograph's primary areas of focus: (1) "Preliminary Definitions: Planning,…

Black-Branch, Jonathan L. (1993). Judicial Intervention, the Balancing of Interests and Administrative Decision-Making: Using the "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" as a Vehicle for Parental Participation in Settling Disputes Regarding Programme. Canadian Journal of Special Education, v9 n1 p73-90. This paper analyzes the Canadian case of "Elwood v. Halifax County Bedford School District" in the context of special education rights and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Implications suggest the willingness of the judiciary to intervene in educational decision making and the use of the charter to shape educational policy. (DB)…

(1973). Suing the Schools for Fraud: Issues and Legal Strategies. Transcript of a Conference: Fraud in the Schools. On November 20, 1972, a complaint was filed by Suzanne Martinez of the Youth Law Center against the San Francisco Unified School District and others on behalf of an 18-year-old plaintiff, identified as Peter W. Doe. Peter Doe had graduated with average grades, had never encountered serious disciplinary problems, and had maintained a regular attendance. Reading specialists who examined the plaintiff after his graduation from high school indicated that he was reading at the fifth grade level. The plaintiff later subscribed to reading tutoring and made significant progress. The complaint presented nine legal grounds of school district liability in the four general areas of negligence, misrepresentation, breach of statutory duties, and constitutional deprivation of right to education. At the conference recorded here, Ms. Martinez and a number of educational experts discussed the case and its implications for the future of litigation in this area. (Author/JF)… [PDF]

Artiles, Alfredo J.; Harry, Beth (2006). Addressing Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Student Overrepresentation in Special Education: Guidelines for Parents. NCCREST Practitioner Brief. Online Submission This brief, also available in Spanish, defines the concept of overrpresentation, identifies possible causes for the problem, and offers a variety of ways that parents and families can help prevent or decrease overrpresentation of culturally and linguistically diverse students in special education programs. (Contains 2 tables.) [This brief was produced by the National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems (NCCREST).]… [PDF]

Dautremont-Smith, Julian, Comp. (2006). AASHE Digest. A Review of Campus Sustainability 2005. Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education This paper includes almost 250 stories about higher education institutions that are leading the way to a sustainable future. It is organized into 8 chapters covering: Institutional Change; Education & Outreach; Social Responsibility; Green Building; Energy & Climate; Food & Agriculture; Transportation; Waste, Water, Procurement, and Landscaping. [Funding for this paper was provided by Woodard & Curran and Powersmiths.]… [PDF]

Hornsby, Eunice Ellen (2006). Using Policy to Drive Organizational Change. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, n112 p73-83 Win. This chapter addresses recent changes in public policy and organizational practices that affect LGBTQ individuals and the role that organizational policy can play in establishing and maintaining respectful and inclusive workplaces…. [Direct]

Tibbitts, Felisa (2006). Learning from the Past: Supporting Teaching through the "Facing the Past" History Project in South Africa. Prospects: Quarterly Review of Comparative Education, v36 n3 p295-317 Sep. This article presents an innovative professional development project, "Facing the Past-Transforming Our Future," developed collaboratively by the Western Cape Educational Department, the Cape Town Holocaust Centre (CTHC), and the US-based teacher professional development organization Facing History and Ourselves (FHAO). "Facing the Past" was designed to support teachers in the introduction of the new South African history curriculum and, in particular, the 9th grade history requirement to teach human rights issues during and after the Second World War. Two major components of the 9th grade content framework are Nazi Germany and the Holocaust and apartheid South Africa. The South Africa programme mirrored FHAO's approach by creating teaching resources linked with the history curriculum and by providing sustained trainings, workshops, and ongoing classroom support. While meeting both the content and skill requirements of the new history standards, "Facing the… [Direct]

(2011). 30th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the "Individuals with Disabilities Education Act," 2008. Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, US Department of Education This is the 30th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 2008. Section 664(d) of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), as reauthorized in 2004, requires that the Department of Education report annually on the progress made toward the provision of a free appropriate public education to all children with disabilities and the provision of early intervention services to infants and toddlers with disabilities. The "30th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), 2008" describes our nation's progress: (1) in providing a free appropriate public education (FAPE) for all children with disabilities; (2) in assuring that the rights of children with disabilities and their parents are protected; (3) in assisting states and localities in providing for the education of all children with disabilities; and (4) in assessing the effectiveness of efforts… [PDF]

Flanagan, Connie; Gallay, Leslie (2008). Adolescent Development of Trust. CIRCLE Working Paper 61. Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) The purpose of this project was to gain a better understanding of dimensions of trust and inter-relationships between those dimensions during the adolescent years. Drawing from survey data collected at the beginning and end of a semester in eighty middle- and high-school social studies classes, relationships were assessed between: social trust, trust in elected officials, trust in the responsiveness of government to ordinary people, trust in the American promise, and trustworthiness of the media. The study was designed as a randomized evaluation of a civics curriculum called Student Voices in the Campaign, with data gathered from two waves of surveys with 1,670 students ages 12-19 during the fall of 2004. Students from ethnic minority backgrounds were less likely than their ethnic majority peers to trust elected officials or people in general or to believe that the government was interested in ordinary people. However, ethnic minority students were not less likely to believe in the… [PDF]

(1995). Guidelines for Postsecondary Institutions for Implementation of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 as Amended. Revised Edition. This publication is designed to provide guidance, clarification of intent, and suggested implementation processes and procedures for officials of postsecondary educational institutions concerning the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), as Amended in 1988 and 1993. FERPA's purpose is to ensure certain student rights concerning their educational records such as their right to inspection and review, to make amendments, and to some control over the disclosure of information on the record. Chapter 1 provides background and further specifics on FERPA. Chapter 2 defines key terms. Chapter 3 describes compliance requirements. Chapter 4 suggests procedures and strategies for compliance. Chapter 5 discusses particular issues. Chapter 6 provides short answers to the most frequently asked questions about FERPA. Chapter 7 contains cases, mostly taken from actual situations, to test readers' knowledge and strengthen their understanding of FERPA. The resolution to each case…

Flygare, Thomas J. (1994). The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993: Applications in Higher Education. This pamphlet explores how universities must integrate the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) with existing institutional leave policies and how universities can harmonize the requirements of the FMLA with other federal mandates, particularly the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). First, basic FMLA concepts are discussed, including eligibility for FMLA leave, notice requirements, medical justification, intermittent leave, relationship of paid to unpaid leave, benefits before and after leave, reinstatement to employment, and enforcement procedures. Next, a series of hypothetical situations is analyzed to highlight practical problems in applying the FMLA to higher education. Finally, several special issues relating to implementation of the FMLA in higher education are raised, including unionized employees, academic year work schedules, "key employee" exceptions, substitutions of paid leave for unpaid FMLA leave, deductions from compensation of salaried employees…

Goodey, Chris; Jordan, Linda (1996). Human Rights and School Change: The Newham Story. This report describes the desegregation of the education service in the London (England) Borough of Newham from 1984 to 1996, involving closure of most of the education authority's special schools and units and plans for all children with disabilities to be in mainstream schools by 1999. The report reviews the early days of local council policy making, the necessary consultations and compromises, how those seeking change responded to concerns, the building of the mainstream support network, staff development, and pupil achievement. Difficulties during the reorganization are noted as are the significant contributions of parents and people with disabilities. The report stresses the following key points: the policy commitment of the Newham Council, the reduction of children in segregated special education from 913 to 206, compromises, the need to change schools rather than fit children into the existing system, the improved academic achievement of Newham's children during this period,…

Lewelling, Vickie W. (1997). Official English and English Plus: An Update. ERIC Digest. This digest provides an overview of the opposing sides in the Official English debate–Official English and English Plus. Proponents of Official English seek to make English the official language of the United States through passage of a constitutional amendment. The movement is spearheaded by two groups, U.S. English and English First. Official English supporters are concerned that bilingual ballots are contradictory to citizenship laws and make non-English speakers prey to bloc voting. They believe that bilingual education advocates preservation of native language and cultures at the expense of learning English. Although the Senate convened hearings on official English in 1984, and the House did in 1988, an English language amendment has never come to a congressional vote. In 1991, proponents took a different approach and launched a statutory form of official English. This Language of Government bill has appeared in several versions, and one of these bills passed the House but not… [PDF]

Rutter, Jill (1994). Refugee Children in the Classroom, Including a Comprehensive Information Briefing on Refugees in Britain. This book, written for those persons who work with refugee children and young people, describes ways that teachers can support refugee students and supplies information they need to do this effectively. There is a scholarly and extensive information brief on the backgrounds of the major refugee groups: the history of the conflicts in their countries, the religious groups, their languages, and their main areas of residence in the United Kingdom. An exposition of the types of refugee status afforded by the Home Office and the rights of refugees are also included. This background material is designed to help teachers understand and help the pupils in their class. The book also considers approaches and strategies in the classroom: how teachers can help children hold on to what they have, including their language, and deal with their losses. Good educational practice is described for issues such as psychological support, home-school liaison, and English as a second language and…

Schnepf, Greg W.; And Others (1992). A Perfect Fit: 4-H Involvement for Youth with Disabilities. A Leader's Guide. This guide for 4-H leaders and volunteers offers information to help integrate youth with disabilities into various 4-H programs. After an introduction, a section on 4-H and mainstreaming reviews the mission of 4-H; considers what 4-H has to offer youth; defines mainstreaming; notes the benefits of mainstreaming; and distinguishes among the terms "impairment,""disability," and "handicap." The rights of persons with disabilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act and other laws and regulations are summarized. Suggestions are then offered for 4-H involvement of young people with the following disabilities: amputations or missing limbs, spinal cord injuries, visual impairments, hearing impairments, mental disabilities, learning disabilities, and emotional impairments. Guidelines for recruiting members, volunteers, and parents cover the importance of having a clear mission statement, involving the disability community, making facilities accessible,… [PDF]

Beutler, Margot E.; Briggs, Marnie; Hornibrook-Hehr, Debra; Warren-Sams, Barbara (1998). Improving Education for Immigrant Students: A Guide for K-12 Educators in the Northwest and Alaska. This guide provides educators with information and resources for gaining a better understanding of immigration and the immigrant experience and suggests strategies and techniques to meet the educational needs of immigrant students within regular classrooms. The first section provides a brief overview of the history and current status of immigration in the United States, including current immigration law. A chart summarizes major actions affecting U.S. immigration by decade. The second section presents information to counter current misperceptions about immigration and immigrants. The third section contains information on the immigrant experience, the diverse backgrounds of major immigrant groups in the Northwest and Alaska, and an overview of refugee groups in the Northwest and Alaska. The last section provides overall strategies for better serving the needs of immigrant student and specific strategies related to intercultural communication, evaluating students on an individual… [PDF]

Parker-Jenkins, Marie (1998). Equal Access to State Funding: The Case of Muslim Schools in Britain. The recent decision to award government funding to two independent Muslim schools in Britain has brought attention to the use of public funds for private institutions. This paper provides an overview of the movement for equal treatment of Muslim institutions and explores the issues surrounding equitable treatment of religious minorities. The paper consists of four parts: (1) a historical perspective of the Muslim population in Britain; (2) the development of education in Britain along denominational lines; (3) the establishment of Muslim Schools and their attempts to receive public funding; and (4) a discussion of the issues emerging from the recent decision to fund Muslim schools, its implications for education, and effects upon cultural pluralism. Research by Anwar (1993) and Sarwar (1994) estimates the Muslim population at 1.5 million, one-third of whom are school-age children. Since the Education Act of 1993 contains provisions for government support for schools formed by… [PDF]

Shabbas, Audrey (1991). Resources for History Day 1991: "Rights in History.". AWAIR's Middle East Resources, v1 n1 Jan. This newsletter issue brings to students' attention some of the topics they could explore in working toward an award that the Arab World and Islamic Resources and School Services (AWAIR) organization presented to students participating in History Day 1991. The special category of the awards is Arab or Islamic history. The topics presented were not intended to be exhaustive of the possibilities, but to suggest areas for further student investigation. Topics discussed include the ancient middle eastern origins of law codes; rights under the Islamic law, the Shari'ah; Arab Americans involved in rights issues; the rights of Palestinians; and international law and the Persian Gulf War. Lists of sources are included for most topics. The section on the ancient origins of law codes discusses the early codes of the Sumerians and Babylonians, including the code of Hammurabi. The section on the Shari'ah lists the 12 departments into which this body of law is divided: (1) rituals and liturgy;… [PDF]

McEwan, Barbara (1990). Judicious Discipline: Citizenship Values as a Framework for Moral Education. When teaching moral education, the ethical dilemma often faced by educators revolves around the question of whose morals should be taught. Judicious Discipline, a constitutional model for classroom management, proposes to answer this question by offering educators the opportunity to teach the moral standards of the U.S. democratic system of government. The legal framework for this model helps educators avoid common pitfalls of rules reflecting bias and caprice by providing legal rationales to discipline decisions. Beyond the legal framework, however, Judicious Discipline also speaks to the issues of professional ethics among teachers and administrators. This combination of constitutional law and ethical practices is synthesized in Judicious Discipline to create a model that empowers educators with a means for making fair and rational decisions and allows students to understand their rights and responsibilities as citizens of the United States. (Author/DB)…

Adelman, Pamela B.; Wren, Carol T. (1990). Learning Disabilities, Graduate School, and Careers: The Student's Perspective. This booklet discusses the nature of learning disabilities and their impact for learning-disabled college students considering attending graduate school or entering the workplace. The information is presented through the personal stories of two learning-disabled young adults, one who was identified as learning disabled in elementary school and the other in college. Their stories appear on the left side of each two-page section, and general information related to their experience follows on the facing right-hand page. The information provided covers the following topics: adjusting to a learning disability; common problems of LD adults in college and beyond; finding and understanding diagnostic evaluations; strategies for success; taking advantage of LD services; roadblocks to success; career planning and pre-work experience; graduate school; choosing the right career; strategies for finding jobs; avoiding and handling problems on the job; compensation and accommodation on the job;… [PDF]

Walshak, Lynn G., Comp. (1983). Afro-Americans: A Bibliography of U.S. Government Documents Indexed in the Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications, Jan. 1970 through July 1982. A total of 194 government speeches, agency reports, studies, and hearings relevant to Black Americans are cited in this annotated listing. The articles are concerned with the social, psychological, educational, and economic achievements of blacks and with their cultural heritage. All publications were indexed in the \Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications\ from January 1970 through July 1982. Entries are listed alphabetically by author or title; in addition to the annotation, information includes item number, Monthly Catalog entry number, Superintendent of Documents class number, format, and indicates if the publication was issued in microfiche. A subject index is provided. (KC)…

(1988). Laws Governing the Employment of Minors in New York State. This booklet gives general information on the provisions of the Labor Law and other laws governing the employment of minors in New York state. The legal provisions discussed in summary form in the booklet are contained in several different federal and state laws. The document describes provisions governing school attendance, minimum working age, the issuance of employment certificates and permits, special and prohibited occupations, hours of work, safety and health, minimum wages, equal pay, payment of wages, benefits, workers' compensation, unemployment insurance, state job service, school to employment program, apprenticeship, and employment discrimination. A list of state administrative agencies dealing with these laws completes the booklet. (KC)… [PDF]

Falardeau-Ramsay, Michelle (1989). The Canadian Human Rights Commission and Issues of Concern for Aboriginal Women. Notes for Remarks, by the Deputy Chief Commissioner. This speech by the deputy chief commissioner of the Canadian Human Rights Commission discusses human rights, employment security, and pay-equity issues for Native Canadian women. The speech, offered in both English and French, calls the inequality of opportunity for Native Canadians a "national tragedy." It describes efforts to bring improvement in aboriginal people's political, social, cultural, and economic condition. The speaker describes discrimination inherent in Canadian laws and steps to correct them. The 1986 passage of the Employment Equality Act is called a "major step forward." The act requires employers to gather employment data and to take steps to correct discrimination. The act has provided a substantial information base, showing that aboriginal people represented only 0.7% of the industrial workforce and that their salaries were generally lower than those of other workers. Women were not adequately represented in the job categories. Employment…

Fleming, Margaret, Ed. (1984). Teaching Non-Fiction. Arizona English Bulletin, v26 n2 Win. Noting the general lack of attention to the teaching of nonfiction, this focused journal issue presents 11 articles containing suggestions for ways to incorporate various nonfiction materials into the English class. Article titles and authors in the journal are (1) \A Marriage that Works: Early American Literature in Context\ (S. Bouley); (2) \Teaching Biography and Autobiography in the Arizona Territory\ (J. McGinnis); (3) \Our Heritage of Informational Books: Travels to Dark Continents, Lessons of Caterpillars, and Observations of Marsh Hawks\ (M. G. Ferry); (4) \Teaching the Essay: E. B. White's 'Second Tree from the Corner'\ (S. J. Treharne); (5) \On Being a Scientific Booby\ (N. Mairs); (6) \A Scientist in the Classroom: Applications of Thomas Kuhn's 'The Structure of Scientific Revolutions' for Teachers of English\ (D. H. Roen); (7) \Human Rights: Materials for a Secondary Unit\ (S. Totten); (8) \Aristotle\ (C. Moneyhun and M. Diogenes); (9) \'It Must Be Good': The High Craft…

Wharton, Clifton R., Jr.; And Others (1988). Minorities in Public Higher Education: At a Turning Point. The fundamental issues confronting public higher education in its efforts to reach America's minorities are addressed. Higher education's historical progress in providing a path to equality is surveyed, and certain recent trends showing a clear reversal of that progress are examined. Three chapters offer strategies for stopping the trend and reawakening the national commitment to providing higher education as a path to equality for all. \Public Higher Education and Black Americans: Today's Crisis, Tomorrow's Disaster?\ (Clifford R. Wharton, Jr.) advocates a second front in the battle for educational equity, with minority communities being the foundation for minority progress. In \Revising the Recent Decline in Minority Participation in Higher Education\ John Maguire expands on this theme to argue that the society must recognize its vital stake in minority progress before any progress can be made. This new perspective must be permanent. Finally in \Standing at the Crossroads:…

(1986). Minorities in Higher Education. Fifth Annual Status Report 1986. For the past 5 years, the American Council on Higher Education's Office of Minority Concerns (OMC) has been monitoring the annual progress of minorities in higher education and issuing a report card on the system itself and the country as a whole. The 1986 report takes a more in-depth look at the whole by focusing on the progress of the particular states. To get this information, the OMC requested data from every state and the District of Columbia. Only 26 states responded to the questionnaire because states are no longer keeping as comprehensive records on minorities as they did even 5 years ago. Data on the 26 participating states are provided, and an analysis of how the country as a whole has progressed in the past year is included. The sections cover: enrollments; trends in minority enrollments (undergraduate, graduate and first professional, degrees conferred); minority recruitment efforts; retention of minority students; faculty and administration; issues of continuing concern…

(1984). Thirty Years after Brown. National Urban League Education Statement, May 17, 1984. This statement paper articulates the National Urban League's position that public education has failed to fulfill its mission for many students in general and for black and poor students in particular. The statement reviews recent education reports, delineates the League's position on current educational issues, and suggests programmatic responses. The following are discussed: (1) the inextricability of educational excellence and equity; (2) the primary role of Federal and State governments in public education; (3) proper expenditure of school resources to achieve equity of educational results; (4) elimination of biased teaching attitudes; (5) involvement of business and industry in supporting public school education; (6) quality education and equity of educational results in areas where population shifts and demographic changes mitigate against racial desegregation; (7) curriculum reform; (8) universal, free early childhood and kindergarten education; (9) equity in competency…

Donovan, Mary (1989). Sex Discrimination in Higher Education and the Professions: An Annotated Bibliography. An annotated bibliography on sex discrimination in higher education and the professions is presented. Sex discrimination remains a major workplace problem and is found in virtually all levels of employment. The bibliography consists of 124 citations which appeared from 1984-1988. It excludes court cases and the \popular press,\ and although not meaning to diminish that dimension, focuses instead on the professional literature in the field. Four sections offer resources on compensation/pension, hiring practices, promotion, and the work environment. An author index with citation numbers is provided. (SM)…