Mann, James W.; And Others (1988). Legislative Needs Assessment Concerning Persons Who Are Blind and Visually Impaired. The report is a legislative needs assessment for persons who are blind and visually impaired in Mississippi. The first chapter presents an overview of the project. Chapter 2 summarizes federal legislation concerning persons who are blind and visually impaired. Chapter 3 reviews the methodology used to analyze state legislation and provides a brief summary of current Mississippi law. Chapter 4 presents findings and recommendations for legislative changes affecting services for this population. Recommendations are grouped into the following areas: administration, education, blindness registry, prevention of blindness, independent living, and blind-made products. Many recommendations include sample legislative texts from other states. Additional program areas not currently reflected in Mississippi laws are also recommended. These include children's services, professional preparation, information services, reader services, home services, the multi-handicapped blind, housing, facility…

(1986). Plan for Minority and Women Business Enterprise Contract Participation and Authorization To Amend Plan. This document outlines procedures for following the Chicago Board of Education procurement policy of providing fair and representative employment and business opportunities for minorities and women to remediate the adverse affects of historically discriminatory and exclusionary practices. These procedures are to be used in awarding contracts for goods and services, encouraging and providing for the greatest participation by business enterprises owned by minorities and women. This plan applies to all contracts funded in whole or in part with Board of Education funds. The document discusses the following: (1) policy; (2) application of the plan; (3) definitions; (4) certification; (5) participation goals; (6) set-asides; (7) credits; (8) demonstration of compliance in bid or proposal documents; (9) waiver and substitution; (10) monitoring of contracts; (11) noncompliance and sanctions; (12) Affirmative Action and technical assistance activities on the part of the Board of Education;… [PDF]

(1982). A Training Manual for Surrogate Parents: Rules and Responsibilities. The manual is designed for training surrogate parents in identification, evaluation, placement, and programing for the handicapped child in Arkansas. General guidelines for the surrogate parent are listed, including meeting the child before requesting to see any school records, presuming that the agency has the child's best interest at heart, and accepting responsibility for assuring that the child receive an appropriate education. Section 1 addresses the surrogate parent's role in relation to protecting the child's rights as mandated by P.L. 94-142 (the Education for All Handicapped Children Act) and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, section 504. Subsections address agency and parent responsibilities for the following specific procedures: location and referral, evaluation/assessment, individualized education program (IEP) programing, annual review of the IEP, and reevaluation. Section 2 is designed to provide information on the rights of the surrogate parent as covered by P.L….

Gleason, Sharon L. (1985). Review of the Alaska Statutes for Sex Discrimination. Findings of a project to review Alaska statutes for evidence of sex discrimination is divided into 14 sections. An introduction provides an overview of the project scope, history, organization, and research procedure. A section on insurance looks at gender-based insurance rates and conversion and continuation of health benefits. Under the category of dissolution/divorce, the following types of statutes are examined: separate residences, name changes, interim spousal support and attorney's fees during divorce, grounds for divorce, child custody, and dissolution proceedings. Under the category of parent-child relationship, the study looks at statutes on parent responsibility, failure of custodial parent to permit visitations with child, out-of-wedlock children, and housing discrimination on the basis of parenthood. A section on pregnancy and related issues considers pregnancy leave for state employees, registration of fetal deaths, abortion, and prenatal blood tests. Statutes related…

Rivera, Julius (1973). Justice, Deprivation and the Chicano. Aztlan, 4, 1, 123-36, Spr 73. The paper differentiates between relative and comparative deprivation by relating the first to distributive justice and the second to social justice. Examining Chicano health, housing, and education problems, the article concludes that, for Chicanos and Blacks, the "Administration of justice" means the perpetuation of injustice. (NQ)…

(1976). The Legal Rights and Responsibilities of Students in Connecticut Public Schools. Educational legislation (both state and federal) and court decisions relevant to student rights and responsibilities in Connecticut public schools are presented in this handbook. Chapters cover the right to suitable education free from discrimination; First Amendment constitutional rights of free speech, association, and religion; search and seizure; drugs, personal problems, and confidential communications; school services and personnel; school discipline; student records; the rights and responsibilities attained at age 18 and under; and examples of illegal student behavior. The task force that assembled this handbook intends to include policy recommendations in a separate document. (Author/DS)… [PDF]

(1977). Sexual Preference. This document considers sexual preference as it specifically relates to women. Divided into two parts, the document presents a fact sheet about lesbianism and contains a workshop resource guide on sexual preference. The fact sheet, arranged in a question-answer format, focuses on the following concerns: (1) lesbianism as a woman's issue; (2) legal problems and obstacles encountered (such as employment, housing, child custody, taxes, and credit); (3) the role of the media; (4) common myths and stereotypes; and (5) organizations and legislation currently available to support and help gay rights. The workshop resource guide lists resources and suggests guidelines for organizing a workshop on sexual preference, specifically lesbianism. The workshop is intended to provide an overview about issues lesbians face and to discuss ways to obtain protective legislation and to dispel myths and stereotypes. Included are a bibliography of books and films and other related material, a list of…

Hannon, Barbara (1977). Toward Understanding the Persistence of Opposition to School Desegregation in Boston. In Boston a number of factors contributed to the prolonged community resistance to school desegregation and busing to achieve it. First, for ten years prior to 1974, Boston residents had been assured that their children had a right to attend neighborhood schools and that this right would never be abridged. Thus, the court order to utilize bus transportation in desegregation constituted a "disruption of expectations," a phenomenon which social scientists say is a cause of participation in social movements. Second, the anti integration movement in Boston had a strong organizational base. Politicians involved had extensive support networks and resources, including office space, phones, and personnel provided by the City Council. A third factor was the assignation of responsibility for the desegregation problem and its resolution to supra city institutions, especially the Federal government. These three factors interacted to encourage white parents to believe that the schools…

Garber, Lee O.; Reutter, E. Edmund, Jr. (1969). Pupils. Yearbook Sch Law 1969, 233-284, 69. Chapter 8…

(1981). Fact Sheets from the ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children, 1981. Fifteen fact sheets–two page overviews of issues in special education developed by the ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children in 1981–are presented. The fact sheets address topics in a question and answer format and provide references as well as resources on each subject. The following titles are included, \The Administrator's Role in the Education of Gifted and Talented Children\; \The Cost Effectiveness of Special Education\; \Advocacy and Self Advocacy for Disabled Persons\; \Learning Related Visual Problems\; \Serving the LD Student in a Vocational Education Classroom\; \Careers in Special Education\; \The Argument for Early Intervention\; \The Arts and the Handicapped Child\; \Rights of the Handicapped\; \Educational Rights of American Indian and Alaska Native Handicapped Children\; \Procedural Safeguards\; \Individualized Education Program\; \Children on Medication\; \Parents' Rights and Responsibilities\; and \Parents of Handicapped Children.\ (CL)… [PDF]

(1978). Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, No. 76-811, in the Supreme Court of the United States. (Special College Admissions Procedures for Disadvantaged Applicants). The Regents of the University of California v. Bakke case in the U.S. Supreme Court and background information on the previous cases in California are presented. Allan Bakke is a white male who applied to the Davis medical school in both 1973 and 1974 and was refused admission even though admission slots under the college's special admissions program were unfilled and he was highly qualified. The state trial court found the program operating as a racial quota and ruled that the college could not take race into account in admissions decisions; however, Bakke's admission was not ordered. The Supreme Court of California affirmed the trial court's decision and further ordered Bakke's admission. The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed the California court order admitting Bakke and invalidating the college's special admissions program but reversed the decision prohibiting the college from taking race into account in future admission decisions. Separate opinions are presented concurring in part…

(1976). Report of the Public Hearings on the Status of Women in Education in Santa Clara County. The report is the result of public hearings conducted in 1975, in Santa Clara County, California, to study the conditions which demonstrate sex discrimination or prejudice in educational institutions. The purposes of the hearings were to provide public awareness of specific instances of sex bias in education and to determine the extent to which such sex discrimination exists in the schools of Santa Clara County. The report is divided into four parts. Part I describes the history of federal and state legislation affecting sex discrimination in education. Part II provides a brief explanation of the efforts made by the hearing panel to involve the public in the examination of conditions relating to sex discrimination in the schools of the county. Part III is a synopsis of the testimony presented to the hearing panel and part IV is a series of recommendations made by the hearing panel to eliminate the conditions relating to sex discrimination in the schools. Also included are several…

Sanders, Beverly (1979). Women in American History: A Series. Book Two, Women in the Ages of Expansion and Reform 1820-1860. The document, one in a series of four on women in American history, discusses women in the ages of expansion and reform (1820-1860). Designed to supplement U.S. history textbooks, the book is presented in six chapters. Chapter I describes the \true woman,\ an ideal cultivated by women writers, educators, and magazine editors. The four virtues were piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity. Chapter II focuses on women in the economy. The diary of Frances Kemble, mistress of a plantation in Georgia, describes the physical sufferings of her female slaves. The roles of women in the industrial revolution, professions, and organized labor are also discussed. Chapter III, \Women and the Spirit of Reform,\ depicts the works of Frances Wright and Dorothea Dix in slavery, criminal, and mental health reform. Pioneers in education for women are also portrayed. Chapter IV concerns women in the abolition movement. The chapter contains sections on the activities of white and free black women… [PDF]

Gross, Bruce; Winett, Sheila G. (1979). Standards for Foster Family Services Systems for Public Agencies. Revised Edition. The standards presented here, a revision of the standards published in 1975, are intended to serve as uniform, national criteria by which public agencies can develop and assess the adequacy of their foster family services system. Major changes from the earlier standards include reduction of the number of standards, combination of the basic and goal standards to formulate a single standard, development of additional standards, adoption of new terminology, and publication of a separate users' guide. Aspects addressed in the standards are: (1) comprehensive legal base, (2) administration and service support system, (3) planning and review of the foster family services system, (4) staff, (5) prevention of a placement, (6) rights of foster children, their parents, and foster parents, (7) service planning and case review, (8) preplacement, placement, and postplacement services, (9) purchase of services, (10) standards development and licensing, (11) recruitment, selection, and development…

(1965). REPORT ON PROGRESS IN 1965 ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN. THE NATION'S CONCERN FOR THE STATUS OF WOMEN WAS RAPIDLY TRANSLATED INTO ACTION DURING 1965. PROGRESS WAS REPORTED IN THE AREAS OF EDUCATION, HOME AND COMMUNITY, EMPLOYMENT, LABOR STANDARDS, SECURITY OF BASIC INCOME, LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN, AND THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ACTION OF WOMEN. THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE STATE COMMISSIONS ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN 45 STATES ARE BRIEFLY SUMMARIZED. UNPRECEDENTED PROGRESS WAS MADE IN THE 89TH CONGRESS WITH THE ENACTMENT OF LEGISLATION TOUCHING ON EVERY RECOMMENDATION IN THE AREA OF EDUCATION MADE BY THE PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN. SIGNIFICANT ADVANCES WERE MADE IN HEALTH SERVICES, COMMUNITY SERVICES, CHILD CARE SERVICES, HOMEMAKER SERVICES, HOUSEHOLD EMPLOYMENT, AND MOBILIZATION OF VOLUNTEERS. ADVANCES IN EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY FOR WOMEN IN PRIVATE ENTERPRISE EQUALLED THOSE IN THE FEDERAL SPHERE IN 1964. THREE STATES — DELAWARE, INDIANA, AND MARYLAND — ENACTED MINIMUM WAGE LAWS FOR THE FIRST TIME. WOMEN IN THE STATE… [PDF]

HANSEN, CARL F. (1957). MIRACLE OF SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT–DESEGREGATION IN THE WASHINGTON, D.C. SCHOOLS. FREEDOM PAMPHLET SERIES. THE BULK OF THIS PAMPHLET IS A RECOUNTING OF THE HISTORY OF THE DESEGREGATION OF THE WASHINGTON, D.C. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. MANY ANECDOTES ILLUSTRATE THE PROCESS OF COMMUNITY ADJUSTMENT. SPECIAL ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO DISCIPLINE, SOCIAL ACTIVITIES, ATHLETICS, AND INSERVICE TEACHER EDUCATION IN THE INTEGRATED SCHOOLS. THE MOST COMMON FEAR OF PARENTS WAS THAT INTEGRATION WOULD LOWER EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS FOR ALL CHILDREN. WHEN 1955 CITYWIDE ACHIEVEMENT TESTS WERE CONSIDERABLY BELOW NATIONAL STANDARDS, ORGANIZED COMMUNITY PARENTS DECIDED TO WORK ON THE PROBLEM BY DEMANDING BETTER FISCAL SUPPORT FOR MORE TEACHERS TO REDUCE CLASS SIZE AND TO SET UP SPECIAL CLASSES FOR THE RETARDED. AT THE TIME OF THE PUBLICATION OF THIS PAMPHLET, A BROAD SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM HAD BEEN DEVELOPED, AND ALREADY COMPLETED CURRICULUM REORGANIZATION HAD RESULTED IN INCREASED HOMOGENEOUS GROUPING AT ALL LEVELS. A SKILLS PROGRAM HAD BEEN RE-EMPHASIZED AND PROMOTIONAL PRACTICES HAD BEEN RE-EXAMINED. EMPHASIS ON… [PDF]

HAVIGHURST, ROBERT J. (1966). EDUCATION IN METROPOLITAN AREAS. THIS BOOK DISCUSSES THE EFFECT OF METROPOLITANISM ON EDUCATION. METROPOLITANISM IS VIEWED BOTH AS A SET OF \EVENTS\ AND AS A SET OF \GOALS\ OR \TASKS\ WHICH CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY SHOULD ACHIEVE. ONE PART OF THE BOOK DISCUSSES THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND GROWTH OF METROPOLITAN AREAS AND THE OPERATION OF METROPOLITAN SCHOOL SYSTEMS. SUCH ISSUES AS SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, RACIAL STRATIFICATION, MOBILITY, URBANIZATION, CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBURBS, SCHOOL SEGREGATION, AND VARIOUS KINDS OF SCHOOLS AND TYPES OF EDUCATION ARE DESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION. ANOTHER SECTION IS DEVOTED TO CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL CHANGES IN WHICH URBAN RENEWAL AND THE NEGRO SOCIAL REVOLUTION ARE PARTICULARLY SIGNIFICANT. BECAUSE THESE SOCIAL CHANGES PRESENT A SPECIAL CHALLENGE TO TEACHERS, ONE CHAPTER IN THIS SECTION DEALS WITH THE SOCIAL ORIGINS, ATTITUDES, PREPARATION, AND MINORITY-GROUP STATUS OF TEACHERS IN BIG CITY SCHOOLS. THE FINAL CHAPTER OF THE BOOK DISCUSSES THE SCHOOL SYSTEM AS A FUNCTIONAL SOCIAL SYSTEM IN THE…

Conte, Jon R. (1980). A Child Welfare Perspective on Children's Versus Parent's Rights in Incestuous Families. The act of intervention into family life creates a conflict between the rights of the sexually abused child and the integrity of the family. From the child-welfare perspective, the conflict consists primarily in the ambiguity of child-welfare values which on the one hand support the sanctity of the family and on the other recognize the child's right to be free from abuse and neglect. Child-welfare professionals have not fully addressed this conflict, which is as significant as the legal conflict between children's and parents' rights. Resolution of this conflict implies support for the child's right to a family that provides the necessary care, nurturance, and socialization. Such a family would by definition be free of exploitive and coercive acts such as sexual abuse. The professional must, therefore, confront the question, "Is sexual abuse of children by parents to be tolerated?" A decision that such behavior is not to be permitted should not alter the view that state…

(1979). The Minority Woman in America: Professionalism at What Cost. Proceedings of a Conference at the University of California (San Francisco, March 16-18, 1979). Proceedings from a conference on minority women in the health sciences are compiled. The conference participants included social scientists, nurses, health educators, physicians, and academic administrators representing institutions and programs throughout the United States. The role of minority women as health care providers was addressed as well as the problems and concerns of minority professional women. The goals of the conference included: assessment of the current state of research and knowledge about professional minority women's experiences, identification of areas for further research, compiling of recommendations, and creating an atmosphere where minority women and men professionals could meet and discuss one another's work and exchange ideas. The following papers are included: \Making Ourselves Visible: Evolution of Career Status and Self-Image of Minority Professional Women\ (Sharon Collins); \The Nature of Professional Training for Minority Women: An Overview\ (Vicki…

(1979). Tennessee Higher Education Commission Staff Study. Re: House Resolution No. 107. The Tennessee Higher Education Commission conducted a study of the salaries of teaching staff and faculty in response to Tennessee House Resolution 107 on sexual discrimination. This study is the first known statewide effort to determine academic salaries. A multiple regression analysis model was used. Among the general findings were that: (1) many institutions indicated that sex was not a statistically significant factor in salary determination; (2) there is considerable variation among campuses on procedures for salary review; and (3) women faculty members are concentrated in the lower paying disciplines (education, home economics, nursing, social sciences, humanities, and fine arts). General recommendations included in part, that each campus should develop systematic methods for annual review of salaries to determine if sex is a discriminatory factor, that women should be encouraged to seek doctoral degrees to enhance their chances of promotion and higher salaries, and that…

(1967). A STATISTICAL SUMMARY, STATE BY STATE, OF SCHOOL SEGREGATION-DESEGREGATION IN THE SOUTHERN AND BORDER AREA FROM 1945 TO THE PRESENT. 16TH REVISION. THE FOLLOWING DATA ARE GIVEN IN THIS REPORT TO INDICATE THE STATUS OF DESEGREGATION IN EACH OF THE SOUTHERN AND BORDER STATES–(1) RATE OF DESEGREGATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS (ARRANGED BY SCHOOL DISTRICT), PUBLIC COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES, AND SPECIAL SCHOOLS, (2) STATUS OF FACULTY DESEGREGATION, AND (3) NUMBER OF "OTHER" ETHNIC GROUP STUDENTS IN THE SCHOOLS. ALSO INCLUDED ARE DESEGREGATION STATISTICS ON THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE, A DESCRIPTION OF THE STATUS OF DESEGREGATION SINCE 1954, AND A STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 1954. (EF)… [PDF]

JENKINS, H. HARRISON; MIZELL, M. HAYES (1968). A DIVISIVE ISSUE, FREEDOM OF CHOICE. PRESENTED ARE TWO SEPARATE ARTICLES, ONE CRITICIZING AND THE OTHER DEFENDING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FREEDOM OF CHOICE SCHOOL DESEGREGATION PLAN IN THE SOUTH. ACCORDING TO THIS PLAN, PUPILS (OR THEIR PARENTS) MAY CHOOSE THE SCHOOLS THEY WISH TO ATTEND WITHIN A GIVEN DISTRICT. IN THE ARTICLE AGAINST THE PLAN, IT IS ARGUED THAT PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL RESTRAINTS MAKE THE SOUTHERN NEGRO'S "FREEDOM" THE FREEDOM TO RISK SOCIAL ISOLATION AND ACADEMIC FAILURE AND THE FREEDOM TO BE DENIED EDUCATIONAL EQUALITY. IT IS FURTHER ARGUED THAT THIS METHOD, WHILE GIVING TOKEN COMPLIANCE WITH THE DESEGREGATION ORDER, ACTUALLY PRESERVES THE STATUS QUO AND ENCOURAGES RESEGREGATION. THE SECOND ARTICLE SUGGESTS THAT A FREEDOM OF CHOICE PLAN NEEDS TIME TO OPERATE EFFECTIVELY, BUT WILL RESULT IN TOTALLY INTEGRATED SCHOOLS. IT IS FELT THAT THE OBLIGATION OF THE SCHOOL SYSTEM IS TO ALLOW A FREE CHOICE TO BE MADE BY ALL, AND THAT THE INTRODUCTION OF A QUOTA PLAN WOULD DENY THE NEGRO HIS DEMOCRATIC… [PDF]

(1965). Space for the Mentally Retarded in South Dakota. Final Report. The 10 priority recommendations for aiding the mentally retarded in South Dakota are presented. Summaries are provided of recommendations for federal and state legislative action and for state agencies, communities, state medical and hospital associations, and private organizations. The State and the method of planning are discussed; mental retardation is defined; and an administrative report is given. Committee reports are included on the following: public health and prenatal care; private medical practice; early diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation; family counseling and assistance; day care; education and training; vocational rehabilitation, occupation, and employment; social development, recreation, and religion; guardianship, and legal protection and processes; geriatrics; dependent living; public and professional information; research and statistics; personnel and manpower; and prevention. The appendix contains a copy of the county questionnaire, a glossary, and lists of the… [PDF]

(1976). Affirmative Action Plan of the New Jersey State Department of Education. This booklet outlines the New Jersey State Department of Education's affirmative action plan to achieve equal opportunity for all employees and applicants for employment in the State Department of Education. The plan calls for compliance with federal and state legislation regulating employment practices and requiring fairness and equity in hiring, promotion, demotion, transfer, recruitment, termination, pay rates, benefits, and selection for training or academic leave. Under the plan, the commissioner of education is responsible for guaranteeing affirmative action compliance within not only the state department, but in all other educational agencies receiving resources from the state, including local school districts. The plan provides for state department personnel, including an affirmative action officer, coordinator, and advisory committee, to oversee its implementation. (Author/DS)…

Fogarty, James S. (1976). Emerging Trends in Court Rulings Affecting Daily Operations of the Schools. Traditionally, the public schools have been primarily within the domain of local administrators; however, over the past two decades, the courts have become involved more and more in decisions that affect daily operational procedures of the schools. The purpose of this paper is to examine current issues in educational law, including suspension, corporal punishment, search and seizure, teacher rights, school desegregation, and homosexual rights. The analysis is directed to a close examination of individual versus corporate rights in order to establish a \tone\ of how the courts have been ruling. This examination allows some predictions to be made about future court actions. Relevant dissenting opinions are noted in the process of establishing the tone. Representative cases have been carefully selected from each area considered. It is not the writer's intent to give indepth coverage of any one topic but, rather, to provide insight based on a comprehensive view. (Author/IRT)…

Hurwitz, Emanuel, Jr.; Tesconi, Charles A., Jr. (1974). Education for Whom? The Question of Equal Educational Opportunity. Basic research findings, concepts, ideas, and insights are explored in considering what is believed to be an old yet still crucial issue today–equality of educational opportunities. This document is said to serve seven purposes; introduction to the issue, analysis and illustration of major elements in the issue, illumination of the major role played by courts, clarification of the emerging and increasingly favored interpretation of the issue among social scientists, illustration of the ways in which concerned citizens and professionals believe that equal educational opportunity can occur, and identification of arenas in which certain interpretations of the issue might raise new educational issues. Each chapter is said to serve a particular function within a four-sided analytical framework. The functions are that of description, illustration, analysis, and projection. Chapters deal with: a description of the educational opportunity conflict, desegregation, and school finance;…

Eaneman, Paulette S.; And Others (1973). Fair Procedures. These materials are part of the Project Benchmark series designed to teach secondary students about our legal concepts and systems. This unit focuses on individual rights and fair procedures under the law. The materials outline the Bill of Rights, due process guarantees, the right to a fair hearing, fair and unfair trials, search and seizure laws, exceptions to the lawful arrest procedure, the necessity for a search warrant, and equal protection guarantees. A case fact sheet, role sheets, case procedures, complaint information, and jury instruction sheet for a mock trial which illustrates these legal concepts are provided. (DE)… [PDF]

(1970). Maintaining Campus Order and Integrity. AASCU Studies 1970/4. To prepare for the possibility of further campus unrest and disorders, the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) held a series of regional seminars in the summer of 1970. About 70 presidents and other administrators attended each of the seminars. Their major concern was not the repression of student dissent but finding ways of dealing with disorders so as to protect students' rights and lives and yet satisfy the need for order on the campuses. All seminar discussions were based on the premise that the maintenance of order is an essential obligation of the administration of colleges and universities. The participants discussed ways of preventing disorders before they occur and it was agreed that the most important step is student involvement in decisionmaking. Some specific suggestions included the creation of the office of ombudsman and improving internal communication with such measures as an administration newspaper. Discussion was also concerned with… [PDF]

Marsee, Stuart E. (1975). Notice of Charge of Employment Discrimination–Prelude to Fact Finding or Witch Hunt?. Recent legislation has required affirmative action in the hiring practices of educational institutions. In order to ascertain the effects of equal employment laws on community college administration in California, a questionnaire was prepared and sent to 98 California community college districts; it requested administrators to provide information regarding their personal experiences with Notices of Charge of Employment Discrimination. Of the 74 college districts responding, 28 (37.8 percent) had received such notices; the majority were charges of sex discrimination. Written comments added to the questionnaires indicate the administrators' dissatisfaction with the procedures; they claim that they are assumed guilty until proven innocent, that the paperwork involved in defense is monumental, and that the length of litigation is extensive. According to the author, the federal and state "Guidelines" and "Regulations" were written to direct employers who hire workers… [PDF]

Chalmers, W. Ellison (1974). Racial Negotiations: Potentials and Limitations. The research focused on two questions: (1) Can blacks use the negotiating process to overcome white resistance to institutional change? How much and what kinds of change can be achieved by their use of the negotiating process? In this approach, can they take advantage of pressures for change that exist either inside or outside the institution? (2) Can whites, operating within white-controlled institutions, use the negotiating process to reach an accommodation with specialized black interests and build these interests into institutional functioning? How can such changes affect the general objective of these various institutions? The total project included some 16 different case studies, each compiled by both a black and white scholar who interviewed the principal participants in a recent racial confrontation in which the experimental negotiations procedure was used. Each report sought to describe the relevant events, set them in a larger context, and search for explanations of the…