(1976). Guide to Black Politics 1976, Part II: The Republican National Convention, Kansas City, Missouri, August 16-19, 1976. This guide was designed to assist black delegates attending the 1976 Republican National Convention. The guide is divided into four main parts. The first part contains information on convention procedures, convention committees, and various aspects of black participation in politics. The second and third parts include the names of delegates to the convention. These two parts also contain a general review of black voter behavior during the primaries; a historical review of black attendance at party conventions; a section on black women and black youth in politics; and a commentary on black voter potential. Part four includes some information on the Joint Center for Political Studies. The appendix contains information on the black voting age population in cities over 50,000 with 20% or more black population; congressional districts with 20% or more black population; the black vote in selected congressional and gubernatorial races of 1974; black elected officials in the United States…

(1979). Oklahomans and the Law: A Resource Book for Teachers. This background material on laws and the legal system is designed for teachers of citizenship courses at the secondary level. Fifteen topics in the form of questions and answers are discussed by practicing lawyers. Topics include consumer law, criminal law, drugs and alcohol, employment law, juvenile and family courts, landlord and tenant law, and property law. Legal aid, the public defender system, court appointed lawyers, the right to inspection of school records and preservation of their privacy, small claims courts, and wills are also examined. In addition, specific discussion of the courts, environmental law, and insurance law in Oklahoma are included. The appendix provides brief reviews of Oklahoma court decisions pertaining to the juvenile code and of juvenile delinquency and the "unholy alliance." This alliance refers to a mandate by the state legislature that requires the Department of Institutions, Social and Rehabilitative Services to enter into a contract with…

Heinich, Robert, Ed. (1979). Educating All Handicapped Children. The 15 papers in this collection are based on a conference held in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1976, focusing on the reality of mainstreaming and the need for an increased knowledge base about the issues and concerns related to instructional technology in the implementation of the provisions of Public Law 94-142, the new Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Collectively, these papers, which blend the technology of instruction with many other facets of the educational process, make a case for believing that an appropriate education is one which uses the best of educational technology as part and parcel of its curriculum. Individual papers were authored by Burton Blatt, Clarence R. Calder, Jr., Barbara D. Bateman, Robert A. Weisgerber, Fred H. Wood, David Helms, Anna L. Hyer, Donald P. Ely, Patricia H. Gillespie, P. Kenneth Komoski, Diane Dormant, Sivasailam Thiagarajan, William H. Allen and Kay E. Goldberg, Thomas C. Lovitt, and Alan M. Hofmeister. (Author/RAO)…

(1978). Florida's Commitment to Equal Access and Equal Opportunity in Public Higher Education. The "Amended Criteria Specifying the Ingredients of Acceptable Plans to Desegregate State Systems Of Public Higher Education" and documents created by the State of Florida in response to it are consolidated under this cover. The three documents generated to devise and implement a program of equal education are: (1) "Florida's Commitment to Equal Access and Equal Opportunity in Public Higher Education" including an outline of goals and timetables; (2) "The State Equal Access–Equal Opportunity Plan for the Florida Public Community College System" including implementation guidelines and projections; and (3) "The State University System Revised Plan for Equalizing Educational Opportunity in Public Higher Education in Florida" including specific commitments and actions to increase black student enrollment, in support of student goals, and in support of employment goals. (WI)… [PDF]

Teper, Shirley (1977). Ethnicity, Race and Human Development; A Report on the State of Our Knowledge. Issues and knowledge gaps related to race in a pluralistic society were identified and recommendations for further social science research were made by over 200 social science specialists in a 1973 study. Conference presentations, discussions, and interviews are synthesized in this report, focusing on American society, cultural factors in human development, group identity, mass culture and media, as well as social science research. Highlighted are two primary needs related to the establishment of harmonious group relations in American society. One basic need is for a heightened awareness of the concept of human dignity. Cultural factors shape cognition, perception, values and expression, characteristics that are inherent in self-image and personal dignity. A more humanistic and realistic approach in research would give due attention to the role of ethnic culture in human development. The other fundamental need is to maintain a balance between ethnic diversity and societal unity….

DRAZEK, STANLEY J. (1967). THE AGONY OF THE INNER CITY, WHAT CAN CONTINUING EDUCATION DO. THE REPORT OF A PANEL PROGRAM BY THE COUNCIL ON EXTENSION AT THE EIGHTY-FIRST NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF STATE UNIVERSITIES AND LAND-GRANT COLLEGES IN NOVEMBER, 1967, FEATURED URBAN AND UNIVERSITY LEADERS REPRESENTING DETROIT, MILWAUKEE, NEWARK, AND WATTS. THE FIRST ADDRESS COMPARED THE PLIGHT OF AMERICAN INNER CITY NEGRO GHETTOS WITH THAT OF EASTERN EUROPEAN JEWRY. THE SECOND DESCRIBED UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN EXTENSION EFFORTS TO PROMOTE EMPLOYMENT, BETTER HOUSING, CONSUMER EDUCATION, HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND IMPROVED RACE RELATIONS AND HUMAN RELATIONS IN THE MILWAUKEE INNER CITY. THE THIRD, WHICH CITED RUTGERS UNIVERSITY EXTENSION PROGRAMS, URGED BROADER UNIVERSITY EXTENSION PROGRAMS OF TRAINING AND EDUCATION. THE LAST ADDRESS SURVEYED THE INADEQUATELY MET SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC NEEDS OF THE WATTS AREA, AND RECENT UCLA INTERRACIAL DISCUSSION PROGRAMS AND SIMILAR EXTENSION EFFORTS AIMED AT MEETING THESE NEEDS. (THE DOCUMENT INCLUDES CHAPTER REFERENCES.) THIS… [PDF]

(1978). Questions and Answers about Writing a Lau Compliance Plan. The Lau v. Nichols decision and its implications for school districts are explained in this question and answer format paper. Lau compliance plans are described in full. The number of students necessary for development of a plan or program, what a Lau plan should include, and appropriate program types are detailed. (MK)…

Drake, Jackson M. (1979). Landmark Court Cases Affecting School Governance. Volume II. Resource Guide. During the late sixties and early seventies, school-related court decisions increased. The purpose of this publication is to present significant information for school board members and other interested people concerning selected landmark decisions in which the United States Supreme Court has rendered opinions on school issues. Many of these cases have established legal principles which may serve as guidelines for other potential litigation. For each case, the publication presents the citation, the facts of the case, the holding, and the basis for the decision. The cases selected concern segregation, aid to nonpublic schools, students' rights, corporal punishment, separation of church and state, liability, educational malpractice, bilingual education, equal educational opportunities, teachers' rights, school salaries, emotionally handicapped children's rights, maternity leave policies, and reverse discrimination. (Author/JM)…

(1978). Task Force Report on Affirmative Action. Issues raised by affirmative action are explored and a legislative agenda for reform is offered. Part One of the report examines affirmative action in practice and includes discussions of the Bakke case and affirmative action in the federal government. Part Two considers the legal aspect of affirmative action and reverse discrimination, and Part Three discusses the question of what can be done–short of more discrimination–to assist the minority community in gaining more economic and social benefits from society. In Part Four, several pieces of legislation are recommended, including the "Model Legislation" put together by the Task Force. (BD)…

(1978). The National Endowments for the Arts and the Humanities…And Equal Opportunity for Women. The document examines federal regulation of educational programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance. Specifically, the booklet explores discrimination against women by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). The document is presented in seven chapters. Chapter I discusses the relationship between Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and the NEH and NEA. Chapter II presents background information on the endowments and identifies problem areas in endowment policies toward women. Chapters III and IV provide more detailed information on goals, activities, and programs of the NEH and NEA and present figures on fellowship programs and recipients for each agency since 1971. Chapter V offers conclusions and recommendations. Conclusions are that the NEH and NEA should regulate participation in endowment programs and activities, grant funds only to institutions which comply with equal employment opportunity…

Pitts, James P. (1975). Racial Consciousness, Activism and Socialization: Black Youth. Professional Paper No. 4. The primary objective of this research is to explore whether black student activism can be presumed to indicate a relative lack of socialization among activists. Contrary to the popular belief which argues that widespread challenges to established authority and dominant groups should be seen as an index of social disorganization among the disadvantaged, the theory presented argues that sustained periods of collective activity such as demonstrations are indicators of intense socialization and organization building. The research was conducted in a large all-black public Chicago high school. The strategy was to select an array of school organizations and attempt to interview each available member. Two race-focused organizations, the Afro-American History Club (AAH) and a group termed the Militant organization, were the primary focus of the study. Through interviews, the author sought to specify how the social environment and activities of students in the two groups differ from that of… [PDF]

(1975). Focus on Law: Newsletter of the Center for Law-Related Education, Volume 2, Number 1 [And] Number 2. Two newsletters are combined as one document. The first presents classroom strategies for both elementary and secondary students in a lesson entitled \Toward a Study of Policy.\ Methods suggested for developing the lesson include provocative questions, open-ended statements, student polls, pictures, films, posters, and use of police officers as resource persons. A news section describes five courses offered by the center in the fall on teaching about the law and criminal justice system, reports on the Third Annual Summer Institute, and describes the Law Resource Personnel Program offered by the center to Cincinnati-Hamilton County teachers and administrators. The remainder of the issue is devoted to a discussion of recent Supreme Court decisions and a plan for teachers to follow in using a Supreme Court decision in the classroom. The second describes the center's five spring courses and presents classroom strategies related to the teaching of law-related topics prepared by fall…

Matthews, Martha; McCune, Shirley (1976). Complying with Title IX: Implementing Institutional Self-Evaluation. The materials contained in this handbook provide one framework for organizing a self-evaluation under Title IX. Local education agencies will need to review and adapt these materials for effective use in the context of particular situations and needs. Separate chapters are presented on: access to general courses; access to physical education courses; access to vocational education courses; counseling; treatment of students; student marital or parental status; athletics; financial assistance; employment; and planning, conducting, and reporting an institutional self-evaluation. (LBH)… [PDF]

Hawkins, Beverly J. (1973). A Woman is Not Just a Female. The intent of this paper is to illustrate that within the feminist movement there are sub groups that have to be examined if the movement is to be successful. With the heightened consciousness of women across the nation and the increased competition for the scarce number of well-paying, meaningful jobs, it is important that minorities understand not only each other, but also the scope and implications of the feminist movement. Sexism has been of secondary importance to ethnic minority women because of the overshadowing effects of the racist behavior they have been forced to endure. A woman is not just seen as a female in the labor market, but is perceived as part of a specific racial group. If unemployment rates for Black teenagers are examined separately, it is apparent that this group is even more severely disadvantaged than minority teenagers as a whole. If individual income is examined, it is found that minority women are at the bottom of the ladder. Such examples illustrate… [PDF]

Reutter, E. Edmund (1975). Tests and Employment Discrimination. In March of 1971, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that "if an employment practice which operates to exclude Negroes cannot be shown to be related to job performance, the practice is prohibited." Although the decided case concerned discrimination on the basis of race, the act also bars discrimination because of religion, sex, or national origin. The instant case was brought as a class action by black employees of a North Carolina plant of the privately owned Duke Power Company. Some four months after this Supreme Court decision, a Federal District Court issued an injunction halting the use in the New York City school system of certain examinations as a basis for appointment to supervisory or administrative posts. This court, although noting "Griggs vs. Duke Power Company", based its ruling on constitutional grounds. At the time the suit was instituted, obtaining a permanent supervisory position required not only meeting State certification… [PDF]

Phay, Robert E.; Rogister, George T., Jr. (1975). Searches of Students and the Fourth Amendment. School Law Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 1. Although the Federal courts have not yet decided any cases involving search and seizure of student's property, various State courts have ruled that the Fourth Amendment protects students from "unreasonable" searches by school officials. However, the courts have generally applied a less stringent standard in justifying searches by school officials than in justifying searches by police. When school officials conduct a search of school premises or ask police to conduct a search to determine if a school regulation or criminal statute has been violated, only "reasonable suspicion" is required. If, however, a search conducted jointly by school officials and police is initiated by the police for the primary purpose of seeking evidence of a crime, the more stringent search and seizure standards applicable to criminal cases may apply. whenever school officials conduct a search of a student's property, a witness and the student himself, if possible, should be present…. [PDF]

(1966). Concerns of Indians in British Columbia. Theme: "Equal Opportunity in Our Land.". The first conference (1966) of the Canadian Indian-Eskimo Association was designed to provide opportunities for Indians and Eskimos to express their views publicly so that Canadians might better understand the Indian problems. In Part I of the document, a report is given on the conference symposium entitled "Equal Opportunity in Our Land," along with reprints of 2 addresses: one about the government of British Columbia and the opportunities and problems of its Indian citizens where the incorporation of reserves as full municipalities is discussed, and the other about legal problems, rights, and responsibilities of the Indian. Part II presents reports on the 4 discussion groups, which dealt with (1) housing, education, health, and welfare; (2) industry and development; (3) Indians and the law; and (4) communication. Concluding comments on the conference point out the need for action and youth involvement within organizations. (AN)…

Craig, Benjamin L. (1970). The Anatomy of a Busing Case. This report, written by the defense counsel for the Denver Board of Education, analyzes the events prior to and the chronological details of a law suit, filed in June 1969 against the Denver School District, alleging racial segregation. Events between 1956 and 1962 that led to the litigation are recounted: school board action in regard to boundary changes, formation of a citizens committee to fight boundary changes, new schools built, and the 1962 special study committee report. The city is described geographically and demographically, and the history of school board decisions on school integration is provided. At the time of this report, the suit was still in the appeal process. (MLF)… [PDF]

Chamberlain, Michael (1974). The Handicapped Child's Right to an Education: A Handbook. The handbook is intended to inform parents of handicapped children and other child advocates of the right to education laws in New Hampshire and to suggest actions to obtain appropriate public education. Chapters focus on the following topics: the importance of an education to the handicapped child; definitions of the physically, intellectually, or emotionally handicapped person; the child's right to elementary and secondary education under general and specific state laws; the right to a preschool education; the need to notify the child's school district of a child's special needs; identification of the nature and/or severity of a child's learning problems; reevaluations; placement in a special educational program, the parent's right to a formal hearing before and after placement; monitoring the special class or educational program; the child's right to suitable transportation; and exemptions, suspensions, and dismissals. Appended are a bibliography, a glossary of legal terms, the… [PDF]

Glatt, Charles A.; And Others (1971). The Political-Legal Approach to Desegregation. NCRIEEO Newsletter, Volume 2, Number 4, September 1971. In this discussion of desegregation, a political-legal guide for the ultimate integration of public schools has been constructed. The documents are most useful where segregation rests on a \de jure\ foundation, enforced by the government. The guide consists of a series of carefully programmed legal maneuvers, exchanges of reports, recommendations, and information to and from the sources of power and policy determination in the school community. The carefully designed and suggested documents are legally-based steps, all of which are available to most school districts and desegregation planners. The action begins with a resolution adopted by the local board of education, asking for assistance from the state department of the commitment to the task, and a listing of initial activities and recommendations. (Author/JW)… [PDF]

Klemp, Elsa; Ozanne, Robert (1972). The Negro in the Farm Equipment and Construction Machinery Industries. The Racial Policies of American Industry. This study covers two related industries in which Negro employment has historical roots, the farm machinery and construction machinery industries. As in several other studies in this series, emphasis is on the major companies in the industries. This emphasis may reflect a more favorable picture of black employment progress than the average, due to the large firms' higher visibility, more frequent inspection, and greater resources. The nature and structure of the machinery industry, the impact of company, union, and government policies on Negro employment, and the determinants of industry policy are examined. The report concludes that the job structure of the machinery industries studied is favorable for black employment but that an expanding general labor demand is the fundamental factor in bringing blacks into the work force in greater numbers and at higher levels. (MF)…

Burma, John H., Ed. (1970). Mexican-Americans in the United States, A Reader. In this collection of 40 articles concerning Mexican Americans in the United States, the study reports and essays (by both Anglos and Mexican American authors from many disciplines) provide an array of viewpoints about Mexican American education, prejudice and discrimination, economics, family, religion, social and political behavior, health, class and status, and acculturation and assimilation. In one selection, Puerto Ricans are also discussed. (NQ)…

Foxley, Cecelia H. (1976). Locating, Recruiting, and Employing Women: An Equal Opportunity Approach. To aid employers in providing equal opportunities for women workers, this book describes working women today, their education and training, laws, regulations, and programs providing employment protection, and suggests ways of recruiting, employing, and working with women. An overview of women in the present workforce is presented–their participation rates, occupational status, marital and family status, and earnings–and evidence is offered to dispel many common myths. The educational background and employment preparation of women is discussed, new directions in women's education are indicated, and statistical data are provided to assist employers in setting future employment projections or goals. The major anti-discriminatory laws and regulations are described with the texts appended. Methods are outlined for compliance with anti-discrimination laws through the development of an effective affirmative action program. Sources useful to employers in locating and recruiting women…

Chambers, Julius (1987). The Idea of Justice. Update on Law-Related Education, v11 n2 p9-10,63-64 Spr. Reviews constitutional principles and case law in three areas of U.S. society where black Americans have made efforts to effect change. Specific changes are for fairness in education, the abolition of capital punishment, and the prohibition of discrimination against the poor. (JDH)…

Giese, James; Miller, Barbara (1987). Affirmative Action. Update on Law-Related Education, v11 n2 p51-53 Spr. Introduces a lesson designed to help students understand the role that each branch of the federal government can take in redressing the impact of past discrimination while protecting the rights of individuals whose opportunities may be limited by an affirmative action program. The lesson is based on a case study and includes student handouts. (JDH)…

Rabkin, Jeremy (1987). Disestablished Religion in America. Public Interest, n86 p124-39 Win. The disestablishment of religion in our constitutional order has encouraged an extraordinary proliferation of religious sects and religious doctrines that has made sectarian repression seem impractical. Discusses advantages and disadvantages of this trend for the nation. (PS)…

Friedman, Harold; Friedman, Helen (1983). Black Education in South Africa. Integrated Education, v21 n1-6 p3-92 Jan-Dec. Provides a highly detailed discussion of racial discrimination in South African schools and educational policy. Contains many interviews with government officials, political activists, students, teachers, parents, and others. Gives special focus to Black and White protests. Includes an appendix (by Ingrid Babb) on the historical aspects of school apartheid. (KH)…

Swan, Wallace K., Ed. (1997). Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual/Transgender Public Policy Issues. A Citizen's and Administrator's Guide to the New Cultural Struggle. The essays in this collection portray the cultural struggle that is taking place in the United States between those who support a variety of high-priority gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender initiatives and those who strongly oppose them. These issues revolve around the workplace, youth and education, relationships and legal rights, and discriminatory practices. The following essays are included: (1) "Religion in American Politics and the Religious Right" (Paul Mazur); (2) "Workplaces, Schools, Partnerships, and Justice: An Intersection that Causes Confrontation" (Wallace Swan); (3) "The Workplace Movement" (Wallace Swan); (4) "The Impact of Lesbian/Gay Sensitive Policies on the Behavior and Health of Lesbians in the Workplace" (Carol Ardell Burgess); (5) "Struggling To Keep a Roof over My Head" (Karen Bjorkman); (6) "Sexual Orientation Issues Impact K-12 Education" (Lyle Rossman); (7) "Public Schools: A…

(1998). Gender Equity in Intercollegiate Athletic Programs at Illinois Public Universities. This report to the Illinois Board of Higher Education examines the use of tuition waivers to achieve gender equity in intercollegiate athletics as allowed by the state's Public Act 89-166. An introduction explains the context for the law which requires that institutions must demonstrate "substantial proportionality" reflecting the undergraduate enrollment ratio, a "history and continuing practice" supporting the underrepresented gender, or effective accommodation of the interests and abilities of female students. The second section identifies milestones in gender equity in intercollegiate athletics including Title IX of the Higher Education Amendments of 1972, the Gender Equity Report Card which evaluated gender equity among member institutions of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, and the Cohen vs. Brown University court case which ruled in favor of female athletes. The third section examines gender equity in intercollegiate athletics at Illinois… [PDF]

Pizzuro, Salvatore (2001). The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and the Nature of American Politics: A Handbook on Public Policy. This handbook is designed to serve as a report on negotiations that took place during the 104th and 105th Congresses that lead to the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) amendments of 1997. In addition, the events and changes in the cultural climate during the 106th Congress and its impact on IDEA is also discussed, along with the likely impact of the 107th Congress and the George W. Bush administration. Specific chapters of the handbook address: (1) the nature of American politics; (2) judicial and legislative beginnings; (3) special education before the 88th Congress; (4) opposition from President Nixon; (5) the guarantee of FAPE (free appropriate public education); (6) the establishment of the U.S. Department of Education; (7) the politics of educational inclusion; (8) the impact of family experiences on public policy and the influence of congressional staff; (9) the results/accountability initiative; (10) the HOPPE group and final mark-up; (11)… [PDF]