(1989). How the New York State Labor Law Protects You. This booklet gives general information on the provisions of the laws relating to the work force of New York State. Presented in a question-and-answer format, the booklet provides information on the following laws: minimum wages, prevailing wage rate, payment of wages, hours of work–meal periods, employment of minors, industrial homework, employment agencies, health and safety, the state job service, job training, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, disability benefits, and labor relations. A list of addresses for state department of labor offices is also provided. (KC)… [PDF]

Kamasaki, Charles (1987). Testimony on Implementation of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-603). Presented before the Subcommitee on Immigration and Refugee Policy, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate. Hispanics–affected more than any other ethnic group by immigration laws–have a profound interest in the implementation of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. The National Council of La Raza holds the following views: (1) the proposed regulations implementing the Act are unacceptable; (2) the capacity and resources necessary for effective implementation are insufficient; and (3) the lack of public education efforts is aggravating widespread confusion and misunderstanding of the law. Without major changes in the regulations, it is clear that many eligible persons will be deterred from applying; many others will apply only to have their applications denied–not because they fail to meet the statutory critera, but because of unduly restrictive regulations. The National Council of La Raza urges that the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) remove the unnecessarily restrictive and burdensome aspects of the proposed regulations, negotiate in good faith with potential…

Loeb, Catherine, Comp.; Searing, Susan, Comp. (1984). The Lives and Politics of Latinas in the United States: A Selective Bibliography [and] Women and Politics in Latin America: A Selective Bibliography. Two bibliographies list over 200 sources of information on Latin American women living in the United States and in Latin America. The first bibliography cites books, chapters from books, journal articles, pamphlets, dissertations, and theses dealing with the lives and politics of Mexican-American, Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Central and South American women who are living in the United States. Only English language materials published since 1970 are included. Politics has been interpreted in the broadest possible sense to include the politics of the domestic as well as the public sphere. Listings are organized by the following categories: general works; Chicanas; Cubanas; Puertorriquenas; and statistical portraits, bibliographies, and reviews of the literature. Addresses of selected sources are provided. The second bibliography cites books, chapters in books, and journal articles on women's political roles in Latin America. Only English language materials published since 1974 are… [PDF]

Ray, Sally J. (1987). News According to Pretoria: A Legal Perspective concerning the Suppression of Free Speech in South Africa. While the government of South Africa has outwardly promoted democracy since 1983, it nonetheless has placed its press under tight constraint to discourage dissent concerning political issues and enhance the government's credibility. Not only are journalists within the country restricted, but foreign correspondents as well. Moreover, although there are no official censors, censorship is implied by the laws because journalists are restrained from commenting freely and the subject matter on which they may report is limited to issues that are not contentious. The laws are so vague that journalists could easily report something the government subsequently objects to, which engenders a form of self-censorship. South Africa's government states that its mission is democracy, but its reaction concerning free speech contradicts its assertions. A free press is necessary to a democracy because it promotes discussion and dissent, which in turn fosters public consensus. The government, however,… [PDF]

Foss, Karen S. (1984). Feminist Rhetoric: A Selected Annotated Bibliography. Noting that the proliferation of discourse by and about the women's movement makes focus imperative in a bibliography dealing with feminism, this annotated bibliography concentrates on rhetorical analysis of American feminist rhetoric. The 42 cited items, most of which appeared in communication journals or were presented at communication conventions, are intended for use by teachers and students of communication interested in understanding feminist discourse. (NKA)… [PDF]

Appleton, Nicholas (1983). Cultural Pluralism in Education. Theoretical Foundations. This analysis of cultural pluralism in the United States focuses on the central concerns of balancing inequities and cultivating pluralistic values and attitudes. The first chapter reviews the historical background of cultural pluralism and its implications for educators. In Chapter 2, the theory of cultural pluralism is explored, concentrating on the necessary conditions of a society for the concept to apply–cultural diversity, membership in a common politic with interaction between and among groups, relative parity and equality between groups, and a perceived value for the continuance of diversity. The third chapter examines alternative ideological positions of cultural pluralism. Issues and available options involving cultural pluralism are analyzed. Chapter 4 outlines the current ideological trend of pluralism as it has been defined by the courts. In the fifth chapter, an assessment is made of the diverse groups in American society and their respective needs and desires….

Brody, Eugene B. (1982). Mental Health: More than the Absence of Illness. This paper reviews in detail the history and current status of the World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH), since its beginning in 1934, as the only world-wide, voluntary, non-governmental, interdisciplinary, mental health coalition comprised of both volunteer and professional organizations as well as individual members. The relationship of the WFMH to other world health and mental health organizations is presented along with a discussion of its twin goals of education in the area of mental health, and advocacy for the rights and welfare of the mentally ill and their families. The activities and plans of the WFMH for bringing about the optimal functioning of such vulnerable populations as minorities, migrants and refugees, the elderly, victims of violence, and mothers and infants are also discussed. Differences between the positive mental health goals of this voluntary, nongovernmental organization and intergovernmental agencies are highlighted with particular reference to…

McGhehey, M. A., Ed. (1977). Current Legal Issues in Education. This book is a collection of the major papers presented at the 22nd annual NOLPE convention, held in Atlanta, Georgia, on November 10-12, 1976. These papers are concerned primarily with new developments in the courts with particular emphasis on those cases decided during 1975 and 1976. The papers are concerned with such issues as due process, collective bargaining, school integration, affirmative action, censorship, and the church-state relationship. (Author/IRT)…

Popkin, Mary; Ross, Diane (1980). Bargaining for Equality. A Guide to Legal and Collective Bargaining Solutions for Workplace Problems that Particularly Affect Women. This is a guide to legal and collective bargaining solutions for workplace problems that particularly affect women. The first section of the guide presents a survey of legal remedies for discrimination including information on: (1) Title VII; (2) Equal Pay Act; (3) Executive Order 11246; (4) Age Discrimination in Employment Act; and (5) State Fair Employment Practice laws. In section two topics covered include: (1) organizing a union; (2) duplicating the law in union contracts; (3) mandatory baroaining subjects; and (4) use of current contracts to fiqht discrimination. The third section discusses women's dual roles, touching on: (1) maternity benefits and rights of pregnant workers; (2) child care; (3) overtime work; (4) flexible work hours; and (5) part time work and job sharinq. Section four discusses: (1) affirmative action; (2) hiring and promoting women into nontraditional jobs; (3) on the job training and employer paid education; (4) low seniority of newly hired and promoted…

Moran, K. D. (1979). Governance. The author begins this chapter by noting that the governance of the public schools has become increasingly complex and that evidence from 1978 supports the premise that the competence of boards of education is being tested. He then goes on to examine court cases and legislation relating to a number of specific areas of governance–the state board of education's authority, the powers and duties of local boards, the rights of boards to establish policy, the public's right to know, constitutional freedoms in the schools, conflicts of interest on the school board, elections in education, the organization of the school district, bids, and student transportation. (IRT)…

Young, Eric D. (1980). Affirmative Action: Implications for Higher Education. Part II. An Annotated Bibliography. An annotated bibliography is presented on affirmative action policy in postsecondary education. More than 40 entries mostly dated 1975 or later, represent a wide variety of resource materials that focus on the issue of educational opportunity in higher education. Major areas of concern are: employment of underrepresented groups in higher education; equality of educational opportunity in educational policies and programs in postsecondary institutions; equal access to higher education through the admissions process; historical overviews of equal opportunity in higher education in the United States; federal policies and regulations pertaining to affirmative action; and legal premises of affirmative action and their implications for higher education. (DC)…

ZAVATT, JOSEPH C. THE MANHASSET RULING. PLAINTIFFS COMPLAINED THAT THE VALLEY SCHOOL, ONE OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN MANHASSET, NEW YORK, WAS SEGREGATED. NEGROES IN THE VALLEY AREA LIVED AT A LOW SOCIOECONOMIC LEVEL. TYPICALLY, THEIR CHILDREN WERE FROM 2 TO 3 YEARS BEHIND THE NORMS IN READING ACHIEVEMENT. EXCERPTS FROM THE COURT CASE, R. BLOCKER VERSUS THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF MANHASSET, INVOLVE THE BASIC CONTENTION THAT SEGREGATED SCHOOLS, WHETHER DE JURE OR DE FACTO, ARE INFERIOR AND DEPRIVE CHILDREN OF MINORITY GROUPS OF EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES. THE DEFENDANTS ARGUED THAT MINORITY SCHOOLS ARE NOT INFERIOR AND THAT SCHOOLS SHOULD NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACCIDENTAL PATTERN OF HOUSING WHICH LED TO THE ETHNIC IMBALANCE. LEGAL PRECEDENTS WERE PRESENTED. THE DEFENSE DEFENDED THE NEIGHBORHOOD SCHOOL POLICY CONTENDING THAT A HOMOGENEOUS STUDENT BODY AFFORDS A GREATER OPPORTUNITY FOR OPTIMUM BENEFITS TO THE STUDENTS BECAUSE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS CAN BE DESIGNED TO MEET THEIR PARTICULAR NEEDS. THE TEACHING STAFF DID…

(1965). WHITE-NONWHITE DIFFERENTIALS IN HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE. THIS COLLECTION CONTAINS SEVEN PAPERS OF ANALYSES OF WHITE-NONWHITE DIFFERENTIALS IN HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE. NONWHITES MAKE UP ALMOST 12 PERCENT OF THE POPULATION, 92 PERCENT OF WHOM ARE NEGROES. THE FERTILITY OF NONWHITES IS HIGHER, ESPECIALLY AMONG THE RURAL, LESS EDUCATED GROUP, BUT THE BIRTH RATE SEEMS TO BE FALLING FASTER, MOST NOTICEABLY IN URBAN AREAS. THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXTENT OF EDUCATION AND BIRTH RATE AMONG BOTH RACES, WHO HAVE COMPARABLE RATES WHEN THEIR EDUCATIONAL STATUS IS THE SAME. THE GAP BETWEEN NONWHITE AND WHITE LIFE EXPECTANCY HAS NARROWED TO 10 PERCENT, ALTHOUGH THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MATERNAL AND INFANT DEATH RATES REMAIN QUITE HIGH. THIS DIFFERENTIAL MAY BE EXPLAINED BY HEREDITARY FACTORS, THE AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF MEDICAL SERVICES, WHICH IN TURN IS RELATED TO SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, AND PERSONAL MOTIVATION. DATA ALSO SHOW THAT THE RATE OF MEDICAL SERVICES AMONG NONWHITES IS LOWER THAN AMONG WHITES AND THAT FAMILY INCOME HAS A… [PDF]

CLARK, KENNETH; And Others (1964). SCHOOL INTEGRATION, PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON SCHOOL INTEGRATION (MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, MAY 1964). THE SOCIAL SCIENTISTS, EDUCATORS, AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY MAKERS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THIS SYMPOSIUM DISCUSSED SCHOOL SEGREGATION ISSUES, PARTICULARLY THOSE IN THE NORTH AND WEST, TO PROVIDE SOME SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION. THE FOLLOWING WERE AMONG THE PAPERS PRESENTED–(1) KENNETH CLARK "EFFECT OF SEGREGATION AND INTEGRATION ON CHILDREN'S PERSONALITY," (2) DAVID G. SALTEN, "THE ORGANIZATION OF INTEGRATED SCHOOL DISTRICTS–THE NEW ROCHELLE STORY," (3) WILSON RECORD, "THE CHANGING ATTITUDES OF SCHOOL PERSONNEL," (4) FRANK RIESSMAN, "INTEGRATION–THE KEY TO QUALITY EDUCATION FOR ALL," (5) ROY WILKINS, "EDUCATION AND THE RACIAL CRISIS," AND (6) JAMES NABRIT, JR., "THE COURTS, SOCIAL SCIENTISTS AND SCHOOL INTEGRATION." MOST OF THE PAPERS WERE FOLLOWED BY A DISCUSSION BY ONE OR MORE OF THE PARTICIPANTS, WHO ALSO ANSWERED QUESTIONS. THIS DOCUMENT IS ALSO AVAILABLE FROM THE BUREAU OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, MICHIGAN… [PDF]

Brazziel, Marian; Brazziel, William (1980). Recent College and University Enrollment Patterns of Black Students in States Affected by Adams-Califano Litigation. This study examines patterns of enrollment of black undergraduate students in 19 States affected by Adams-Califano litigation and rulings related to desegregation of higher education systems. The purpose of the research was to ascertain the degree of general participation of black undergraduates in higher education and to identify trends toward increase or decrease in this participation. Increases in participation of black students in areas where they are traditionally underrepresented are documented, and correlates for variability in participation rates are identified. The core of the data for the research was formed from the 1976 and 1978 enrollment tapes of the Higher Education General Information Survey. Data indicate that black enrollment in white colleges increased, while enrollment in black colleges decreased. Statewide participation rates and high parity rates were found to be related to geographical location of the State, black family income, the presence or absence of…

Frederick, Charles; Vetter, Donald P. (1978). Juvenile Justice in Maryland. This four part guide provides secondary students with information about Maryland laws, courts, and legal system. The first section examines the nature and causes of increasing involvement of youth in crime, and identifies those crimes most commonly committed by juveniles. A special section on shoplifting is included. Section II examines the nature of the police force, procedures followed by the police and the constitutional limits of police power. Students are directed to analyze television crime drama, answer a self-rated quiz, \Would You Make a Good Police Officer?\ and conduct fingerprint tests. In section III students are asked to compare juvenile court with adult court and consider the effectiveness of the juvenile system. In one activity students role play police officers and decide appropriate action for hypothetical juvenile cases. In section IV the types, purposes and impact of correctional facilities upon youth and the family are analyzed. All sections stress the gathering…

White, Richard, Ed. (1977). Assist Program 3: Preschool. Sourcebook. Assist: Associate Instructional Support for Teachers. This sourcebook contains ASSIST training materials designed to prepare paraprofessionals for their role as teacher aides in classes for handicapped preschool children. The preservice portion of the training program focuses on the special relationships the instructional associate has with the teacher, the preschool, and the child. Chapter I presents information on the responsibilities of instructional associates, with discussion of the role of the teacher aide, relations to other staff, relationships with parents and community, and regulations and procedures. Chapter II presents an overview to preschool programs, including sections on the importance of preschool, advocates for handicapped children, the newly acquired legal rights of handicapped children, different types of preschool programs, different preschool philosophies, and issues related to serving handicapped children. Chapter III looks at developmental skills and how handicaps affect development. The inservice portion of the…

Beaty, Stuart (1979). Perspectives on Offical Languages. Alberta Modern Language Journal, v17 n3 p6-17 Spring. While the Official Languages Act of Canada mandates the governmental use of English and French, it is up to regions, localities, and individuals to develop the attitudes and policies which will safeguard the rights of language minorities (including English speakers in francophone areas) and discourage the cultural isolation of language groups. A reconciliation must be effected between English speakers who resentfully view many anticipated applications of the Act (for example, bilingual package labels) as trivial, and French speakers who view the same applications as tokenism. Bilingualism and cross-cultural understanding, where they exist, have come about accidentally as a result of economic exigencies. Educational planning must now aim specifically at fostering multilingual, multicultural competence. (JB)…

Gordon, Edmund W.; Green, Robert L. (1966). Conference Proceedings: (1) Research Conference on Racial Desegregation and Integration in Public Education; (2) Invitational Conference on Social Change and the Role of Behavioral Scientists. This volume contains the proceedings of two conferences. One conference was concerned primarily with research on racial desegregation and integration in public education, and was highlighted by a paper by Irwin Katz, \Problems and Directions for Research in Public School Desegregation.\ The second conference focused on social change and the role of behavioral scientists. There were papers by (1) Martin Luther King, Jr., \The Social Activist and Social Change,\ (2) Lee S. Shulman, \Reconstruction in Educational Research,\ and (3) S.M. Miller, \Economic and Political Prospects of the Poor.\ Included are summaries of the discussions which followed the various presentations. Additionally, syntheses of group discussions are included in the proceedings of the conference on social change. The proceedings of the research conference were held on September 30, and October 1, 1965, at West Point Farms, Central Valley, New York. The proceedings of the invitational conference were held May 4-6,… [PDF]

Mackey, William F., Ed.; Verdoodt, Albert, Ed. (1975). The Multinational Society: Papers of the Ljubljana Seminar. The Ljubljana seminar, whose background and working papers are presented in this volume, was an outcome of the United Nations' consideration of the problems of ethnic and linguistic minorities. The twenty-five papers cover topics such as the study of multinational societies; the protection of minorities and minority rights in Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Austria, the Soviet Union, India, Africa, Southeast Asia, Israel, Britain, and the Caribbean; cultural diversity; and immigrant problems. Chapters 1-3 are background papers, commissioned by the United Nations Secretariat in preparation for the seminar. Chapters 4-23 are working papers, contributed by the participants and presented in regional groups, starting with Central Europe and going on to include Asia, Africa, and North America. (Author/CLK)…

[Buss, William; Goldstein, Stephen] (1977). Standards Relating to Schools and Education. Juvenile Justice Standards Project [of the] Institute of Judicial Administration [and the] American Bar Association. Tentative Draft. The standards and commentary in this volume are part of a series designed to cover the juvenile justice system and its relationship to the rights and responsibilities of juveniles. This volume on public education is addressed to legislators, courts, lawyers, educators, parents, students, and the general public. The volume proposes standards concerning the right to education and compulsory education, the problem of consents or waivers by students and of the allocation of control of student rights between students and their parents, the general regulatory power of schools, student rights of expression, procedural rights available to students in connection with school discipline, sanctions appropriate for student misconduct, interrogation of students, and searches of students or student-related areas. A chapter setting forth the definitions of terms used is also included. (Author/IRT)…

Coleman, James S.; And Others (1975). Trends in School Segregation, 1968-73. This paper reports work in progress concerning student desegregation among elementary and secondary schools in districts regardless of the source of segregation, and between school districts for the period of 1968-73. The data sources, the statistical reports collected by DHEW, are stated to allow for a detailed statistical analysis of the status and trends in school segregation by race throughout the U.S. First, the state of racial integration among schools within a district in 1968 is examined, followed by an examination of the changes that occurred over the period 1968-1973. The differential changes that occurred over that period of time in different kinds of school settings–in different regions of the country, in school districts of different sizes, and in particular large cities–is seen to be of special interest. Data indicate that, by 1968, desegregation of schools was a far from accomplished task in cities and towns of all sizes in the South, but that in the largest cities,… [PDF]

Steinman, Edward H. (1974). The Lau v. Nichols Supreme Court Decision of 1974. Testimony of Edward H. Steinman before the Committee on Ways and Means of the California State Assembly. CATESOL Occasional Papers, No. 2, Fall, 1975. This document reviews the arguments and the ruling in the Lau v. Nichols case, and the general legal foundation for bilingual education. On March 25, 1970, a suit was filed by 13 non-English-speaking Chinese students in the District Court in San Francisco, on behalf of nearly 3,000 Chinese-speaking students, against the San Francisco Unified School District. The complaints were: (1) non-English-speaking students were being denied their rights to education because they couldn't function in the medium of instruction; and (2) these students were being doomed to becoming dropouts, and to unemployment, as a result of their language problems. Basic issues were whether the San Francisco school district should be required to provide special instruction in English, and whether instruction should be handled by bilingual Chinese-speaking teachers. While the school district and the federal court argued that the school district had no responsibility to rectify the situation, the Supreme Court… [PDF]

(1974). Residential Programming: Position Statements by the National Association of Superintendents of Public Residential Facilities for the Mentally Retarded. Presented is the 1973 policy statement of the National Association of Superintendents of Public Residential Facilities for the Mentally Retarded. It is noted that the 16 superintendents who developed the statement represented varying backgrounds and viewpoints, and that the resulting policy represents a progressive approach to goals of the President's Committee on Mental Retardation. Recognized as a basic premise are rights of the retarded which include the right to live in the least restrictive environment. Given is a definition of residential facility which includes the purpose of developing physical, intellectual, social, and emotional abilities of the resident for return to society or satisfying life in the residential environment. Discussed are the following position statements: (1) support for community programing which involves advocacy programs, provision for persons needing residential care, and resolution of the community and residential dichotomy; (2) support for… [PDF]

Gomez, Rudolph, Ed.; And Others (1974). The Social Reality of Ethnic America. The contents of this compendium are organized in four parts, as follows: Part 1, \Blacks in Transition: An Overview of Afro-Americans,\ includes: \Introduction,\ Clement Cottingham, Jr.; \The New Negro,\ Nathan I. Huggins; \Political Change in the Negro Ghetto, 1900-1940's,\ Martin Kilson; \Minority Group Psychology: Implications for Social Action,\ Alvin F. Poussaint; \The Myth of Coalition,\ Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Harrington; and other essays. Part 2, \Introduction to the American Indians,\ includes: \Introduction,\ Kathleen O'Brien Jackson; \History of the San Felipe Pueblo People,\ Governor Sanchez; \Economic Development of the American Indian and His Lands,\ National Congress of American Indians; \Federal Encroachment of Indian Water Rghts and the Impairment of Reservation Development,\ William H. Veeder; and other essays. Part 3, \Japanese Americans: The 'Model Minority' in Perspective,\ includes: \Introduction,\ Russell Endo; \The Japanese-American Experience:…

(1971). A Compilation of Federal Education Laws. 92d Congress, 1st Session. This report presents a comprehensive compilation of federal laws affecting education and reflects the latest changes in the laws related to elementary, secondary, higher, and vocational education. The compilation includes the School Lunch and the Child Nutrition Acts. (Author/JF)… [PDF]

(1971). The Age of Majority: Guidelines for Local Districts. By state law, the age of majority was lowered to 18 as of 1972. This pamphlet consists of general guidelines for curricula and school programs in response to questions regarding the implications of the new legislation. For example, school districts are requested to re-examine their civics courses in light of new voting age. It is also recommended that they incorporate within their curriculum structure a means by which students may acquire information about and an understanding of: contracts as they apply to personal and real property and insurance; consumerism and economic theory; labor legislation and unions; criminal and civic law proceedings; mental commitment and medical treatment; and, alcohol and tobacco use. (DJB)… [PDF]

Lipset, Seymour Martin (1972). Group Life in America: A Task Force Report. Contents of this book include discussions of the following topics: (1) issues for the 1970s (redefining American pluralism); (2) historic pattern of change (rise and fall of repressive movements); (3) unity in the post-war era; (4) breakdown in consensus (racial equality and black militancy; demand for group rights; anti-war and other protests; white ethnicity revitalized; failure of backlash politics; and attitudes toward political and social institutions); (5) the urban crisis; (6) decline of WASP provincial; (7) the democratic coalition: stable or broken (national coalitions; municipal and state coalitions; shifts in the Roosevelt-New Deal coalition; anti-Catholicism of upper class liberals); (8) crisis of liberalism and political situation of American Jewry (declining Jewish political influence?; Jews and blacks; Jews and conservatives; cleavages in the Jewish community); (9) economic issues and group tensions (income distribution in the U.S.; recomposing the GNP: changing…

Manchikes, Alice, Ed. (1972). The Role of the High School Newspaper: Problems and Solution. Kentucky English Bulletin, v22 n1 p7-28 Fall. The question of whether a high school newspaper should act as a voice of official school opinion or should be an organ of dissent is discussed. A student editor argues that the school administration should recognize the students' right to freedom of the press. A teacher-sponsor argues that the newspaper should be part of the curriculum, acting both as a public relations medium and a voice of student opinion. A principal argues that the newspaper can be an expression of the students' search for truth, but that a line needs to be drawn between freedom of the press and the freedom to disrupt orderly educational processes. A librarian argues that if responsible dissent were encouraged by administrators there would be no need for underground newspapers. The Attorney General of Kentucky states that school publications are free to express opinion as long as it is not libelous, obscene, pornographic, inflammatory, or disruptive of school activities. To help schools solve this problem, a… [PDF]

Carlson, Kenneth (1972). Equalizing Educational Opportunity. Education directly determines life, liberty, and happiness for that segment of the population which can afford better educational facilities. For economically and socially disadvantaged people, education only perpetuates inequality. Financial inequality results in some school districts spending more money per student than other school districts. There is a high positive correlation between a public school student's socioeconomic status and the amount of public money spent on his/her education. What are needed are new forms of school financing where local financing of education is replaced by state, and possibly federal, disbursement of public education funds. However, the essential objective is not to equalize expenditures but to equalize opportunity in the form of compensatory education programs for the disadvantaged, health care for pregnant women, and post-natal instruction in homemaking and baby care. (Author/SB)… [PDF]