(1993). The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Employment Handbook. This handbooks is intended to provide Alaska state agencies and other employers in Alaska with a reference guide to assist in meeting the employment provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. The first section briefly reports on a national survey to measure business awareness, attitudes, and reactions to the Act. Summarized in the second section are results of a 1991 poll of Americans concerning employment and people with disabilities. Major areas covered by the ADA are then listed. Following sections address questions concerning the following: costs of employing people with disabilities; definition of a disability under the ADA; employers covered by the ADA;p employment practices covered by the ADA; the meanings of specific ADA terminology including a"qualified individual with a disability,""essential duties," and "reasonable accommodation"; how to identify a reasonable accommodation and when an accommodation becomes an undue… [PDF]

(1983). Native American Rights Fund: 1982 Annual Report. The 1982 annual report of the Native American Rights Fund (NARF), a non-profit organization specializing in the protection of Indian rights, explains the organization, its structure, its priorities, its activities, and its financial status. Opening statements by the chairman, Roger Jim, and the executive director, John Echohawk, note that despite $270,000 less in federal funds in fiscal 1982, NARF achieved significant decisions in major legal cases involving Indian treaty fishing rights in the Great Lakes and prevention of flooding of the Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Reservation. The report continues with a description of the founding and development of NARF and an explanation of its priorities: preservation of tribal existence, protection of tribal natural resources, promotion of human rights, accountability of governments, and development of Indian law. Following descriptions of NARF's organization, administration, financial accountability, and national support committee, the…

McCormick, Richardson P. (1990). Black Student Protest Movement at Rutgers. Rutgers University commemorated the twentieth anniversaries of the Black Student Protest Movement and the Educational Opportunity Fund in the academic year 1988-1989. This book presents a historical overview of the movement from the 1960s to the present. Seven chapters examine and discuss the activities of the movement, factors and forces which influenced its emergence, the various strategies employed by the movement to improve African-American access to higher education at Rutgers, and its subsequent achievements. Appended are five documents describing grievances and demands of the movement during the period 1968-1969. Chapter references are included. (LT)…

Rossow, Lawrence F. (1987). Search and Seizure in the Public Schools. This monograph attempts to provide clear understanding of the standards presented by the Supreme Court in "New Jersey v. T.L.O." relative to search and seizure in public schools, and suggests practical ways of applying search and seizure law to situations in the school setting. ("T.L.O." are the initials of the anonymous student.) After an introduction, section 2 examines students' rights and the Fourth Amendment, describing the amendment's source and applicability in public schools. The reasonableness standard is examined in the third section, applying the standard to "New Jersey v. T.L.O." and detailing a two-pronged test, the TIPS formula. Taking into account certain variables, the TIPS formula aids in search and seizure decisions by defining reasonable search as comprising two elements: (1) reasonable suspicion, examining the thing to be found and the information source; and (2) reasonable scope, involving the place or person being searched and the…

Sandler, Bernice R. (1986). The Campus Climate Revisited: Chilly for Women Faculty, Administrators, and Graduate Students. [Final Report.]. The Project on the Status and Education of Women (PSEW) of the Association of American Colleges describes ways in which women faculty, administrators, and graduate students in higher education are often treated differently from men. Under a grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE), PSEW investigated negative behaviors and attitudes toward women professionals and pre-professionals on campus in order to assist institutions create and adapt policies and programs to counteract these problems and provide strategies for change. The FIPSE-supported report, "The Campus Climate Revisted: Chilly For Women Faculty, Administrators, and Graduate Students, "addresses such issues as stereotypes, collegiality, attractiveness, sexuality, sexual harassment, and devaluation. Approximately 100 recommendations are provided. As a result of this PSEW project, the existence of subtle discriminatory attitudes and behaviors affecting the hiring and advancement of…

McFarlane, David E. (1985). On Being 18: Your Legal Rights and Responsibilities. The purpose of this booklet is to inform young people of their rights when they become 18 and to help them recognize and avoid possible legal problems. Although written specifically for young people in Wisconsin, the booklet can be used by youths in any part of the United States. A summary of legal principles in effect at the time of publication is followed by sections on voting; jury duty; drinking laws; driving; contracts; employment; consumer protection; marriage, divorce, and children; criminal charges; military service; apartments; and credit. The booklet, however, does not offer legal advice, and for answers to specific questions adolescents are asked to check the sources mentioned in the booklet or to talk with a lawyer. A guide to government and community resources in Wisconsin is included. (RM)…

Scott, Hugh J. (1985). A Call for Greater Black Consciousness and Professionalism in the Pursuit of Cultural and Academic Excellence for African Americans. As "Saving the African American Child" (the report of the Task Force on Black Academic and Cultural Excellence) emphasizes, African American educators must be aggressive in carrying out their inherent obligation to eliminate the impediments to growth and development which restrict the life chances of African Americans. Black America needs Black educators who have a solid foundation of Black consciousness and who have high professional competence. While the circumstances of Black Americans are not as desperate as they once were, race and socioeconomic status remain the chief determinants of the scope of educational opportunity and the quality of education received. Furthermore, the White monopoly of public education has resulted in Black Americans being the most deliberately misinterpreted, the most poorly educated, and the most severely impaired of all the major ethnic groups served by the public schools. The public schools in inner city areas, in particular, have come to…

Spieczny, Sandra (1987). Dancing Backward: Women's Magazines and the Equal Rights Amendment, 1970-1979. A study examined how women's magazines covered the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) between 1970 and 1979, especially investigating whether the publications spotlighted or ignored the amendment. Thirteen publications, spanning fashion to homemaking to working women, were analyzed on the basis of editorial profile, frequency of publication, and circulation figures during the 1970s. All issues for the years 1970 to 1979 were examined for extensiveness, characteristics, and intent of coverage. Results showed that "Ms." magazine published more articles (45) than any other magazine, followed by "Redbook" (14). Content analysis revealed that coverage in the early years attempted to educate the reader as to what the ERA would and would not do, discussed the background and history of the amendment, and focused on Phyllis Schlafly as its most vocal opponent. During the middle 1970s, when the debate became heated, stories began to contain intensely personal viewpoints….

Bailey, Susan (1982). Are the States Able and Willing to Promote Sex Equity?. Current sex equity programs and policies in several states provide instructive examples of the leadership that state education agencies (SEAs) can exercise on sex equity issues. Descriptions of state legislation and program activity related to sex equity in Massachusetts, Washington, Alaska, Minnesota, New York, Iowa, California, and Michigan illustrate the variety of approaches available. Many of these programs depend on federal funding, and many state statutes are based on Title IX of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Without federal money and the threat of federal enforcement, however, SEAs may not actively pursue sex equity goals. Progress depends on the efforts of equity specialists within SEAs and of advocacy groups exerting pressure from outside. Among the actions that SEA staff members can encourage are strengthening policy and procedural guarantees for educational equity; improving cooperation among specialists in all aspects of educational equity; incorporating…

(1985). A Compilation of Federal Laws for Disabled Children, Youth, and Adults. Prepared by the Subcommittee on the Handicapped of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate. Ninety-ninth Congress, First Session. The text presents a compilation of three recently reauthorized Federal laws providing services to persons with disabilities: the Education of the Handicapped Act (amended by the 98th Congress through Public Law 98-199); the Rehabiliation Act of 1973 (amended by the 98th Congress through Public Law 98-221), and the Developmental Disabilities Act of 1984 (Public Law 98-527). The Education of the Handicapped Act includes the following sections: general provisions, assistance for education of all handicapped children, centers and services to meet special needs of the handicapped, training personnel for the education of the handicapped, research in the education of the handicapped, instructional media for the handicapped. The Rehabilitation Act as amended in 1975 contains the following seven titles: (1) vocational rehabilitation services, (2) research and training, (3) supplementary services and facilities, (4) national council on the handicapped, (5) miscellaneous, (6) employment… [PDF]

Greanias, George; Windsor, Duane (1982). Is the Door in the Invisible Wall Closing?. Several Supreme Court decisions in the 1970s have rejected constitutional arguments aimed at eliminating exclusionary zoning and growth management schemes which allegedly maintain existing problems of racial and income segregation in major metropolitan areas. These decisions have led observers to conclude that the Supreme Court has greatly narrowed the range of legal tools that can be used to strike down barriers to neighborhood integration. This conclusion ignores the facts that Federal legislation and State constitutions provide other usable legal remedies which may prove superior to the constitutional clauses on interstate commerce and equal protection as arguments for integration; furthermore, it is difficult to interpret education, housing, and travel as being "implicit rights" in the United States Constitution. In emphasizing legal technicalities, the controversy over recent trends in Federal court decisions on residential segregation fails to focus on the real…

Harrington, Wilma M. (1982). What Do We Know About What We Do: Equity and Curriculum Research. The enactment of educational equity legislation, such as the Women's Equity Act of 1974 and the Education for all Children Act of 1974 (Public Law 94-142), has resulted in increased funding for education program development, but little hard data has been collected to prove program effectiveness. A review of research literature indicates that not enough research is being done on issues surrounding equity for minorities, curriculum questions in physical education, and sex role stereotyping in physical education. Many programs have a short term inservice workshop format that produces a narrow data base and does not allow for the examination of significant differences or long term change. Three widely used federally funded programs can be cited that have collected data to support their claims in effective pupil behavior change. The first is Every Child a Winner, an individualized movement education program for rural schools that began in 1970 as Project Hope. The second program,…

HOWE, HAROLD, II (1967). A NEW FOCUS FOR SCHOOL DESEGREGATION. EFFORTS TO ACHIEVE SCHOOL DESEGREGATION HAVE NOT YET SUCCEEDED. BOTH FEDERAL AND STATE PROGRAMS ARE BEING IMPLEMENTED IN VARYING DEGREES AT THE LOCAL LEVEL. HOWEVER, ATTEMPTS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OFTEN FAIL BECAUSE OF OPPOSITION OR INVOLVEMENT WITH SUCH RELATED PROBLEMS AS RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION. RATHER THAN EQUAL EDUCATION, THE REAL GOAL OF SCHOOL DESEGREGATION IS THE REALIZATION OF EQUAL AND FULL CITIZENSHIP IN AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR EACH CHILD, REGARDLESS OF RACE, COLOR, OR CREED. THIS PAPER WAS PRESENTED AT A FORUM OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER (CINCINNATI, DECEMBER 6, 1967). (JK)… [PDF]

Jascourt, Hugh D. (1980). Collective Bargaining: An Update. This article discusses recent court decisions affecting the relationship between teachers' associations and unions and the public agencies that employ those teachers. Topics discussed include constitutional rights, union representation and union rights, obligation to bargain and scope of bargaining, grievances and arbitrability, fiscal considerations, impasse resolution, and strikes. Reference to conditions in 1970 is made for comparison. The author concludes that while unions seemed to have the edge in litigation in the late 1960s and early 1970s and then lost that edge in the later 1970s, recent decisions offer no conclusive evidence that the courts are shifting either toward or away from union positions. (Author/PGD)…

Punke, Harold H. (1981). Mythology in American Education. Written from the perspective that specific myths profoundly influence educational outlooks and practices, this book points out that such views may outlive their usefulness. The publication explores the nature and origin of myths, particular myths embodied in American education, the creation and obsolescence of myths in a dynamic culture, and the potential for myths' constructive or obstructive impact on cultural development. In addition, the author includes a section of quotations indicating the concern of past generations for many of the educational and kindred relationships we face today. The myths discussed touch on such topics as moral values, human rights, property rights, sex education, leisure, materialism, science, evolution, poverty, free enterprise, competition, and taxes. (Author/WD)…

(1980). Multiculturalism: A Canadian Reality. Report of the Canadian Conference on Multiculturalism (3rd, Ottawa, Ontario, October 27-29, 1978). This report presents the proceedings of a conference held by the Canadian Consultative Council on Multiculturalism. Included are transcripts of the opening and welcoming remarks to the conference, a resume of the proceedings of the entire conference, and a series of papers presented, all of which focused on ethnic groups and their participation in the multicultural society of Quebec. In addition, summaries of briefs submitted by ethnic group organizations and of the activities of ten conference workshops (five for community leaders and five for young people) are presented. Finally, the reports, resolutions and recommendations compiled by the workshop participants are detailed. (MK)…

(1977). A Report of the Canadian Consultative Council on Multiculturalism 1977. Rapport du Conseil Consultatif Canadien du Multiculturalisme 1977. In its capacity as an advisory body to the Canadian Minister of State for Multiculturalism, the Canadian Consultative Council on Multiculturalism prepared this report, written in English and French, in order to compare the government's policy of multiculturalism with its realization in practice. The work was conducted through five standing committees: Language and Cultural Development, Immigration Policy, Media, Human Rights and Humanitarian Concerns, and Grants. Part I summarizes findings and recommendations derived from a series of hearings and consultations held by the committees concerning the areas of language, education, immigration, communications, legal rights, and the government's role in fostering cultural pluralism. Part II presents evaluations of progress toward meeting recommendations made in a previous report. The following topics are addressed: retention of language and culture, human rights, cultural and multicultural community centers, the ethnic press and mass…

Smith, Hayden R. (1973). Teaching as a Profession and Process of Teaching: Secondary. This document contains eight learning modules for use in the preservice education of secondary school teachers. The modules use various techniques and resources in helping the teacher trainee attain the objectives outlined and include identification questions, essay questions, case histories, and readings. The topics covered are: (1) teacher rights and responsibilities; (2) the characteristics of effective teachers, teacher roles, codes of ethics; (3) teacher negligence; (4) local school and district organization and administration; (5) cooperating teacher responsibilities in competency-based teacher education; (6) national, state, and county organization of education and varied aspects of teacher licensing; (7) student teacher responsibilities in the classroom in competency-based teacher education; and (8) lesson planning. (MB)… [PDF]

Trace, Faustina M. (1976). You-Me-And the Three R's of Law. Elementary Law Curriculum. Fourteen units of increasing difficulty and abstraction for grade levels one through six examine the responsibility to law, rights and privileges of law, reasons for laws, and justice. Each unit presents the objective, suggested activities, and topics for discussion. Grade 1 focusses on responsibility, sharing, taking turns, respect for private and public property, home rules, cheating, and punishment. Grade 2 discusses rights of children in a family, authority figures, privileges, and individual rights such as speaking when you want, wearing what you want, or playing with merchandise in a store. In addition to previous topics, Grade 3 examines parents' responsibility toward children, community service, when and if you can say \no\ to your parents, vandalism, and shoplifting. Discussion topics in grades 4, 5, and 6 include self-defense, self-respect, character assassination, responsibility to environment, conflicting responsibilities, a \Child's Bill of Rights,\ and protest. The…

Mackey, William Francis (1978). L'irredentisme linguistique: Une enquete temoin (Linguistic Irredentism: An Investigation Model). A study was conducted in Ireland of the mechanisms of linguistic change and the effects of a politics of linguistic irredentism on the language behavior of the population. The objectives of the study were: (1) to discover the nature and the importance of people's attitudes toward the Irish language and its restoration, and (2) to ascertain the degree of public support for political measures aimed at restoring the language. Because the success of language-related politics depends on public behavior as much as public opinion, it was necessary to discover factors favoring the learning and usage of the language, as well as factors mediating between public opinion and learning the language on one hand and knowledge and use of it on the other. Preliminary research was done in order to derive the data for the opinion poll in the main portion of the study that would be based on real opinions and not opinions the people were supposed to have. The results of the study were analyzed under four… [PDF]

(1977). Chapter 622: A Guide for Administrators. Massachusetts's Chapter 622 and U.S. Title IX regulations both prohibit discrimination by educational institutions. This guide is designed to assist administrators, particularly in Massachusetts, in complying fully with the spirit and letter of these regulations. The guide is divided into thirteen chapters, seven of which use parallel format to cover application of the regulations and compliance techniques to seven specific program areas: admissions, curriculum, guidance, extracurricular activities, scholarships and awards, inservice education, and personnel practices. Other chapters deal with the role of the 622/IX coordinator, annual requirements, complaints and grievances, systemwide planning, organizational dynamics, and resource usage. Five basic practices are encouraged through all these chapters: thorough planning, the involvement of staff at all levels, careful strategy development, research on new educational directions that can be developed through implementation of the…

Floca, Kathryn Priscilla Haines (1971). The Legality of Chicano Education. The thesis briefly analyzed the laws of the State of Texas and of the United States which directly affect the education of Texas Mexican Americans. The legal-political history of "Chicano" education in Texas was traced from the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 to August 1971. The educational "problems" of Mexican Americans were examined in light of their solutions as sought through legislative and judicial action. Most of the legislation discussed dealt with the use of the Spanish language in the schools and with bilingual education. Data were gathered from: (1) legal documents obtained from various court and law clerks and (2) parliamentary journals for both the House and Senate. Eight court cases involving Mexican American students and Texas schools were discussed: (1) Salvatierra vs the Del Rio Independent School District (I.S.D.); (2) Delgado Case; (3) Hernandez vs Driscoll Consolidated; (4) Pete Hernandez vs the State of Texas; (5) Ross vs…

(1975). A Bill to Provide for Affording Equal Educational Opportunities for Students in the Nation's Elementary and Secondary Schools; 94th Congress, 1st Session, H.R. 10146, in the House of Representatives, October 9, 1975. This document contains the components of the National Educational Opportunities Act of 1975. Among the purposes of this Act are the provision for a viable mechanism for States and their local educational systems to implement the national policy on equal educational opportunity, the improvement of results achieved by elementary and secondary education throughout the nation, the facilitation of the reduction in the concentration of children from minority groups and low-income families in certain schools, including prevention of resegregation after desegregation has been achieved, and the reduction and elimination of any educational ill-effects resulting from the concentration of children from minority groups and low-income families in schools where such concentrations are found to exist. Title II provides the guidelines to be followed by State equal educational opportunities plans, and Title III contains such items as the general provisions and definitions for terms such as minority…

Seipp, David J. (1975). Privacy and Disclosure Regulation of Information Systems; A Bibliographic Survey. Publication 75-8. Concern is growing over the problems of freedom of information, individual right to privacy, and automated recordkeeping systems. As a guide to policy considerations for overview and for detail, this extensive structured bibliography of privacy and disclosure literature adopts a topical scheme, dividing the subject first into governmental and nongovermental information and then into 12 kinds of information systems. In the area of government, the bibliography is divided into crime information, public information, personal information, statistical information, political information, and tax information. In the nongovernmental area, the citations are divided into credit information, financial information, medical information, personnel information, commercial information, and school information. Under the topic of transfer of information, material is divided into that which deals with interconnection of computers and that which deals with Social Security numbers as standard universal…

Wedlock, Eldon D., Jr. (1976). Pupils. This chapter summarizes recent state supreme court and federal court decisions involving the rights of school pupils. The cases discussed are generally limited to those decided during 1975 and reported in the General Digest as of March 1976. In his discussion, the author attempts to integrate related cases and to illuminate any unifying legal principles that underlie the decisions relevant to each specific subtopic involving school pupils. Separate sections of the article focus in turn on cases involving exceptional students, extracurricular activities, tuition and school assignment, religious and conscientious beliefs of parents and pupils, students' substantive rights, sanctions for student misconduct, and school desegregation. (JG)…

Little, Gary M. (1974). What to Do Till the Lawyer Comes. A Handbook of School Law for the Seattle Public Schools. This handbook is designed to give school administrators and teachers a basic understanding of law as it impacts on the public school of today. Therefore, the fundamental law in the areas of school liability, church-state relationship, community relations, student rights, teacher-school relations, and parent-school relations is set out in each section, often with clarifying examples. In addition, procedures or guidelines are laid out to help in dealing safely with situations with underlying legal implications. Whereas this handbook should be of assistance to administrators and teachers in dealing with their daily problems, it is not intended to replace but only to supplement the ongoing advice of legal counsel. As fact patterns are ever varying, as problems differ from school to school, and as the law is always changing, a school administrator will be wise to continue to seek the advice of legal counsel. (Author)…

Spraggins, Tinsley (1970). Historical Highlights in the Education of Black Americans. This booklet shows the continuity, from 1619 to the present, of movements in the education of black people in the United States. Material presented in the booklet is aimed at increasing understanding and stimulating efforts to reach a just solution in the struggle for school integration and equality of opportunity. Chapters focus on: the African heritage of the black people; three of their early traditions; impact of the American Revolution; the ideal of school integration; the effect of the Civil War; post-Civil War education; the opinions of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois; neglect in twentieth century school integration; and, the effect of federal intervention and community control. Extensive references are provided. (DM)… [PDF]

Freeman, Lawrence D. (1974). Several Legal Issues Challenge Traditional \Melting-Pot\ Idea for Educational Policy. Several variants of the \melting pot\ ideology have informed the actions of those responsible for educational policy-making in the United States. This ideology has increasingly come under attack by a variety of persons. The purpose of this paper is to outline several legal grounds on which this ideology has been and will be challenged and to spell out some of the implications of successful challenges. The \melting pot\ ideology provided some of the impetus in all the states (except Mississippi). Finding in it the state's interest to both compel children to attend school and prevent them from working. At the same time, through the exercise of its policy powers, each of the states has developed a system for selecting and licensing those entrusted with the education of the state's young. There arises out of these interrelated state actions a complex web of issues. In other instances, the state has sought at least in theory to protect the public interest through occupational and… [PDF]

Antell, Will; And Others (1972). Between Two Milestones: The First Report to the President of the United States by the Special Education Subcommittee of the National Council on Indian Opportunity. The "First Report to the United States President by the Special Education Subcommittee of the National Council on Indian Opportunity is presented. The subcommittee, established to implement the policy of self-determination without termination in the educational sector of American and Alaskan Native Affairs, was initiated by the July 8, 1970 Presidential Policy Message. Its purpose is to provide technical assistance to Native communities to establish local boards of education and to report the status and monitor change in education through national review and annual assessments. The 9-member subcommittee conducted regional hearings in the 48 states and Alaska. Among its findings were that: (1) the Federal Government failed to implement its proposed policy of placing Federal elementary and secondary day and boarding schools on or off reservations under control school boards; (2) the small proportions of Johnson-O'Malley funds contracted directly to tribes indicated hesitancy or…

Clark, Kenneth B. (1974). The American Revolution: Democratic Politics and Popular Education. Education will become the functioning instrument of a stable democracy by being in all its stages and dimensions an example of the democratic process. Within this framework, the desegregation of our schools can proceed; and with the desegregation of our schools, we can achieve that more difficult stage–the true integration of our schools. The struggle to extend American democratic ideals to the nonwhite groups in America has been continuous, albeit irregular in its progress. This struggle may be viewed as the main theme of American history. From this perspective, the following emerge as dominant qualities in American history: (1) the articulation of democratic ideals and aspirations as the foundation of the American political system provided and continues to provide a powerful basis for the struggle to realize these ideals; (2) various groups of Europeans who have migrated to America have benefitted from the American system of democracy; (3) built into the American political and… [PDF]