Bolick, Nancy, Ed.; Trudeau, Elaine, Ed. (1973). Digest of State Laws and Regulations for School Language, Speech, and Hearing Programs. Summarized in the digest are state laws and regulations relating to educational programs for children with speech, hearing and language problems. It is recommended that the digest be used in conjunction with model regulations developed by the American Speech and Hearing Association to serve the following purposes: to facilitate better understanding of legal language and the structure governing education of speech, hearing, and language handicapped children in each state; to serve as a basic reference for individuals seeking alternative legal patterns or conducting related research; and to provide a means for states to evaluate and compare their statutes and regulations with statutes and regulations in other states,. Given is a descriptive overview of information within 11 subject categories such as legislation in Massachusetts (under the policy component within the right to an education category) to remedy past inadequacies and inequities in special education delivery. Data for each… [PDF]

(1972). Leading Court Decision Pertinent to Public School Desegregation. This document comprises eight federal court decisions pertinent to public school desegregation: (1) "Brown v. Board of Education," 347 U.S. 483 (1954); Mr. Chief Justice Warren delivered the opinion of the Supreme Court; (2) "Bolling v. Sharpe," 374 U.S. 497 (1954); Mr. Chief Justice Warren delivered the opinion of the Supreme Court; (3) "Brown v. Board of Education," 349 U.S. 294 (1955); Mr. Chief Justice Warren delivered the opinion of the Supreme Court; (4) "U.S. v. Jefferson County Board of Education," 372 F. 2d 836 (1966); Circuit Judge Wisdom delivered the majority opinion of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; District Judge Cox delivered a dissenting opinion; (5) "U.S. v. Jefferson County Board of Education," 380 F. 2d 385 (1967), Certiorari denied 389 U.S. 840 (1967); on March 29, 1967, the United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit held that school boards have an affirmative duty to bring about… [PDF]

Barron, Jerome A.; Gillmor, Donald M (1971). 1971 Supplement to Mass Communication Law; Cases and Comment. The text of and comments on key court decisions, mostly from the U. S. Supreme Court, made from 1969 to 1971 and relating to mass communication law, are presented. Cases are subsumed under these headings: the First Amendment impact on mass communication; libel and the newsman; the puzzle of pornography; free press and fair trial; selected problems of law and journalism; and the regulation of radio and television broadcasting. (JK)…

Conrat, Maisie; Conrat, Richard (1972). Executive Order 9066: The Internment of 110,000 Japanese Americans. A pictorial representation, in black and white, of Japanese internment camps during World War II, this book has over 100 pages of pictures of the evacuation and internment, taken by Dorothea Lange and other photographers, plus a text providing a brief historical account of events leading up to the internment. (SB)…

Rosser, James M. (1971). Higher Education and the Black American: an Overview. At a very young age, a black child acquires a conceptualization or idea of race and the implications that such a conceptualization has for his \survival\ and not quality of existence. While contemporary movements are geared toward offsetting some of the consequences, e.g., black self-determination, black power, and black control, blacks, in general, are still faced with the dilemma of identity (personality) development within a society dominated by the institutionalized norms and values of the \intellectual colonizer.\ Current educational systems, in order to be relevant, must be geared toward: (1) a consciousness which demonstrates concern for quality versus quantity; (2) a consciousness which places emphasis on human outcomes versus inputs; and, (3) a consciousness which deemphasizes product outputs. In addition, Black Studies can be instituted to meet the specific needs of a black society. Educational outcomes for the future should be geared toward facilitation of individual… [PDF]

Peterson, Terry (1971). I'm on the Title I Council. Now What?. This booklet offers answers to basic questions frequently asked by ESEA Title I Council Members and school officials. Suggestions are also given about possible Title I Council activities. In addition, there is a section on the regulation requiring parent participation in Title I, as well as a list of people to contact for assistance in interpreting Title I regulations or filing complaints, and for information on training teachers' aides and retraining teachers for Title I programs. (Author/SB)… [PDF]

Graham, Peter J. (1976). Affirmative Action: Its Effects Upon Intramural-Recreational Sports Department Employment Policies. Affirmative action programs in the area of intramural-recreational sports department employment policies may be instituted in a number of areas. In recruiting and hiring of new personnel, a survey of present employees with regard to the status of women and minorities in respect to numbers, types of job, and level of employment will give an idea of the organization's standing as an equal opportunity employer. If a deficiency exists, efforts in searching for new employees should be conducted so that minority groups receive information of available positions. Interviewing teams should be constituted which give representation to women and minority groups, and interviewing procedures developed which reduce as much as possible the personal biases of committee members. Decisions should be made on the basis of: (1) knowledge and experience factors; (2) intellectual factors; (3) motivational factors; and (4) personality factors. Contracts should be the same for all individuals possessing… [PDF]

Reed, Mary Hutchings (1986). Employment Discrimination and Related Litigation in Libraries. Journal of Library Administration, v7 n4 p53-66 Win. Provides a broad survey of employment discrimination lawsuits brought against libraries under various federal and state statutes. Practical pointers for librarians are drawn from these cases for their use in hiring, firing, and disciplining employees. (EM)…

Walters, LeRoy (1988). Ethical Issues in the Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS. Science, v239 n4840 p597-603 Feb 5. Poses questions about how we can control the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic and the harm that it causes without unjustly discriminating against particular social groups and without unnecessarily infringing on the freedom of individuals. (TW)…

(1998). Equity. IDRA Focus. IDRA Newsletter, v25 n5 May. This theme issue focuses on equity in children's literature, public funding for private schools, women in educational fields, female dropouts, and the relationship between school violence and family and community violence. "Violence in Our Schools" (Bradley Scott) explores reasons for school violence (media violence, isolation from family, racial and ethnic discrimination) and offers four suggestions for violence prevention and 15 suggestions to address racial hostility. "Hijas del Quinto Sol: Redefining Feminine Roles through Children's Literature" (Juanita C. Garcia) notes the importance of gender-sensitive children's literature in modeling sex role attitudes. A sidebar lists 20 titles for grades K-12. "Full Pockets, Empty Promises" (Albert Cortez) discusses issues of constitutionality, equitable student access, and accountability in using the voucher system to support private schools with public funds. "Women in Education Fields" (Yojani… [PDF]

Lin, Hung-Chih (1998). Transition from School to Work: Career Training and Development for Youth with Disabilities in Taiwan. This paper examines current issues in Taiwan in the transition of individuals with disabilities from school to work within the context of two laws passed in 1997 (the Special Education Act of 1997 and the Protection Act for Individuals with Disabilities of 1997). These laws are intended to secure for people with disabilities the right to education, to vocational rehabilitation, to appropriate medical services, and to work. Data are reported, however, that show unemployment rates between 43 and 57 percent for people with disabilities in Taiwan. After an introduction, the first section discusses problems in job management and training. The second section reviews the literature on concepts and practices of career development and outlines nine key components for successful transition from school to work such as planning, collaboration, and identifying accessible community services. The third section considers strategies in job management and training. These strategies include a complete… [PDF]

(2000). Emerging Themes: National Inquiry into Rural and Remote Education. Public consultations had revealed that access to education was a significant concern in rural and remote areas of Australia, particularly in relation to ongoing economic decline. In response, the Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission initiated the National Inquiry into Rural and Remote Education. The inquiry took evidence at formal public hearings in the capital cities of every state and territory and at less formal meetings with parents, students, educators, and community members in rural and remote areas of every state and the Northern Territory. The inquiry received 300 written and e-mailed submissions, including one from the government or education department in every state, the Northern Territory, and the Commonwealth. The inquiry also commissioned a survey from the Youth Research Centre at Melbourne University to which 3,128 individuals responded. This report summarizes major concerns raised by the public, drawing on selected quotes that are broadly… [PDF]

Arnstine, Barbara; Futernick, Ken; Hodson, Timothy A.; Ostgaard, Kolleen (1998). Violent Images, Violent Acts: What Can Schools and Students Do?. This document is a publication for the tenth televised Town Hall Meeting of The LegiSchool Project, an educational collaboration between California State University, Sacramento and the California State Legislature. The purpose of the meeting was to consider what laws and public policies are needed to protect young people from violence–both real and imaginary. The first selection of readings in the document provides background for policy issues under consideration. Focus is placed on society's rights to freedom and how those may be compromised by restrictions aimed at preventing violence. The readings in part two encourage participants to consider the merits of legislation for school safety and student security, the influence of the media and questions of control or censorship, and how to protect young people on the Internet. The work contains numerous newspaper articles, critical thinking questions, and essay ideas for students. An appendix lists legislation recently passed in…

Weiler, Kathleen (2003). Hope and History: What Do Future Teachers Need To Know?. Radical Teacher, n65 p11-17 Win 2002-2003. Describes \Class, Race, Gender in the History of U.S. Education,\ a course embedded within a teacher education program that introduces prospective teachers to the history of students and teachers who have advocated for a broad and challenging education for all. It examines topics and texts; order, democracy, and the rise of the common schools; race and racism in education; growth of the \one best system\; mid-century themes; and contemporary issues. (SM)…

Danker, Anita (1988). Government Policy and Women in the Workplace through Depression and War. New England Journal of History, v45 n1 p16-38 Spr. Examines the history of employed women from the Great Depression through World War II, highlighting efforts made in their behalf by people such as Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Frances Perkins, Mary Dewson, and Mary Anderson. Provides a selected bibliography of books and U.S. Department of Labor documents. (GEA)…

van Heerden, Joan Pamela (1994). Are They a Lost Generation?. Multicultural Teaching, v12 n3 p14-16 Sum. Many young South Africans sacrificed their educational aspirations, even though limited, in pursuit of social and political goals. Reclaiming this generation that was lost to education so that they can be productive citizens in a democracy is discussed. Vocational training in particular is required. (SLD)…

Hernandez, Wendy (1994). The Constitutionality of Racially Restrictive Organizations within the University Setting. Journal of College and University Law, v21 n2 p429-53 Fall. This article discusses the constitutionality of racially restrictive student clubs and organizations at colleges and universities, focusing on the recent proliferation of such groups, the laws and legal standards that apply to such campus groups, and recommendations to university administrators concerning racially restrictive organizations. (MDM)…

Gremmo, Marie-Jose; Riley, Philip (1995). Autonomy, Self-Direction, and Self Access in Language Teaching and Learning: The History of an Idea. System, v23 n2 p151-64 May. Identifies the ideas influencing the rise of autonomy and self-direction in educational milieus. Also discussed are the background of minority rights movements, shifts in educational philosophy, reactions against behaviorism, and wider access to education. Research into learning strategies has contributed directly to these changes. (73 references) (Author/CK)…

DiScala, Jeannette; And Others (1992). College and University Responses to the Emotionally or Mentally Impaired Student. Journal of College and University Law, v19 n1 p17-33 Sum. The impact of a college administrator's decision that imposes conditions on enrollment of an emotionally or mentally impaired student is examined in the context of constitutional and federal law, including Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The school's responsibility in such cases is discussed including providing the student with notice and a hearing before exclusion. (MSE)…

Paltrow, Lynn M. (1991). Perspective of a Reproductive Rights Attorney. Future of Children, v1 n1 p85-92 Spr. Addresses the issue of drug-exposed infants from the perspective of a reproductive rights attorney. States genuinely interested in promoting healthy children will stop ignoring women or treating them as potential child abusers and will change the current punitive legal focus to a focus on treatment. (SLD)…

Katayama, Mary (1990). Doing the Right Thing: The Critical Role of Students in the Tenure Campaign. Amerasia Journal, v16 n1 p109-17. Describes the role of university students in professor D. Nakanishi's three-year battle for tenure at the University of California Los Angeles. Details the development and importance of a plan, outreach, and networking; and describes the campaign's connection with larger issues of justice and equal representation for Asian Pacific Americans. (JB)…

White, Aaronette M. (1994). A Course in the Psychology of Oppression: A Different Approach to Teaching about Diversity. Teaching of Psychology, v21 n1 p17-23 Feb. Presents a description of an undergraduate course, "Psychology of Oppression." Maintains that the course teaches an understanding of the factors that undermine the appreciation of multiculturalism and other forms of societal diversity. (CFR)…

Wilson, Le Von E. (1992). Affirmative Action: The Future of Race Based Preferences in Hiring. Western Journal of Black Studies, v16 n4 p173-79 Win. Reviews and analyzes the legal development and current status of affirmative action. Traces the aftermath of the Brown versus Board of Education case, the benign discrimination doctrine, the impact of the City of Richmond versus Croson in minority set-asides in Virginia, and the strict scrutiny standard. (JB)…

Reddy, Priscilla; Swart, Dehran (1999). Establishing Networks for Health Promoting Schools in South Africa. Journal of School Health, v69 n2 p47-50 Feb. Apartheid policies adversely affected the health and social status of South African children. South Africa adopted the conceptual framework of the health promoting schools network (HPSN) to address school health comprehensively. The HPSN emphasizes school environment, community involvement, policy development, and appropriate health and social services. This paper examines perceived barriers to establishing a HPSN and strategies to overcome barriers. (SM)…

Martin, Edwin W.; And Others (1996). The Legislative and Litigation History of Special Education. Future of Children, v6 n1 p25-39 Spr. Presents a historical overview of state and federal legislation concerning special education, describes how court litigation has defined the constitutional rights of the disabled to access education, and outlines the provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The procedural safeguards of the IDEA also are outlined, including placement, classroom environment considerations, and provisions for preschoolers. (GR)…

Holloway, Jonathan Scott (2004). Ralph Bunche and the Responsibilities of the Public Intellectual. Journal of Negro Education, v73 n2 p125-136 Spr. Drawing from the authoritative sources on Ralph Bunche's early years in the academy, his personal papers, and his publications from the 1930s, this essay discusses Bunche's political philosophies and how they were informed by the social realities of the world in which he and other Black scholars lived. This essay urges readers to look beyond his important international work in the second half of his career to his earlier years when he repeatedly challenged public and private orthodoxies in service of a larger ideal of a broad and universal humanity…. [PDF]

McTighe, Joe (2004). Private School Accountability. Journal of Education, v185 n3 p51-59. The No Child Left Behind Act has had a pervasive effect on American education in its drive to bring about improvement in student achievement through assessment and accountability. In its standards-based approach to reform, measurement by standardized tests is everything. In this article, the author discusses the issue of private school accountability. Several years ago, the "Washington Post" published a front-page article about the Islamic Saudi Academy, a school for the children of Arabic-speaking diplomats. The article prompted some harsh letters to the editor. In this article, the author answers some core questions in the debate about accountability: (1) Should the state hold private schools accountable? If so, for what?; (2) Does the state have a legitimate role in ensuring that a private school's curriculum reflects democratic principles and society's core values?; (3) Does the state have an expanded oversight responsibility when public funds are involved?; and (4)… [Direct]

Peluso, Nancy Lee; Ribot, Jesse C. (2003). A Theory of Access. Rural Sociology, v68 n2 p153-181 Jun. The term \access\ is frequently used by property and natural resource analysts without adequate definition. In this paper we develop a concept of access and examine a broad set of factors that differentiate access from property. We define access as \the \ability\ to derive benefits from things,\ broadening from property's classical definition as \the \right\ to benefit from things.\ Access, following this definition, is more akin to \a bundle of powers\ than to property's notion of a \bundle of rights.\ This formulation includes a wider range of social relationships that constrain or enable benefits from resource use than property relations alone. Using this framing, we suggest a method of access analysis for identifying the constellations of means, relations, and processes that enable various actors to derive benefits from resources. Our intent is to enable scholars, planners, and policy makers to empirically \map\ dynamic processes and relationships of access. (Contains 22… [Direct]

Beckham, Joseph C. (1984). Employees. Decisions made by federal and state courts during 1983 concerning the employment, dismissal, and tenuring of the employees of public agencies–in particular, public schools–are reported in this chapter. The chapter first addresses discrimination in employment based on race, sex, age, or physical limitations and notes that the shifting burden of proof in discrimination cases involving alleged violation of federal statutes continues to dominate litigation in the public employment sector. Considered next are cases involving employees' rights to freedom of speech and association, the most frequently pressed substantive constitutional claims in cases involving adverse employment decisions. Other topics covered include the application of procedural due process in cases involving employees; the dismissal and discipline of employees for insubordination, unacceptable conduct, or incompetence; the application of acceptable procedures during reductions in force; disputes over contract… [PDF]

Gehring, Donald D.; Young, D. Parker (1980). Students. Court cases involving the relationship between institutions of higher education and their students during 1979 are discussed in this sixth and final chapter. The Iranian crisis and economic conditions during the year both affected cases touching on several of the topics addressed. These topics include such constitutional issues as rights of expression, due process, and association; separation of church and state; and freedom from undue search and seizure. Also considered are cases involving university regulation of student and policies on tuition, admissions, housing, graduation, athletics, financial aid, and student organizations. The impact of parent and spouse support, issues affecting law students, and questions relating to jurisdiction in cases involving students are also dealt with. (Author/PGD)…