Current, Randall (1980). Chronicle of Race, Sex, and Schools: September-December 1980. Integrated Education, v18 n5-6 p72-95 Sep-Dec. Provides a comprehensive view of legislation, policies, programs, existing situations, and cases concerning race and sex equality, particularly as these relate to schools and education in the nation as a whole and in the individual States. (MJL)…

Batzle, Peter; Olivero, Melanie (1980). The Congress. American Indian Journal, v6 n1 p16-20 Jan. Federal awareness that Indians existed as self-governing, political entities gave rise to congressional action during the 1970s that produced significant Indian rights legislation. Article discusses the Congressional Indian legislation enacted during the past decade. (DS)…

Zimmerman, Jonathan (1995). Beyond Double Consciousness: Black Peace Corps Volunteers in Africa, 1961-1971. Journal of American History, v82 n3 p999-1028 Dec. Examines the Peace Corps' early efforts to recruit black volunteers and the consequent culture clash between their expectations of Africa and its reality. Sexism, social stratification, and cultural stereotyping often underscored the differences between black Americans and Africans. Nonetheless, volunteers generally credited the experience as a positive one. (MJP)…

Hammerman, Herbert (1988). "Affirmative Action Stalemate": A Second Perspective. Public Interest, n93 p130-34 Fall. Response to "Affirmative Action Stalemate," by Nathan Glazer ("Public Interest," Winter 1988). Discusses why certain minority groups benefit from affirmative action, and why big business supports the program. (FMW)…

Orfield, Gary (1995). Public Opinion and School Desegregation. Teachers College Record, v96 n4 p654-70 Sum. Summarizes public opinion regarding school desegregation, busing, and racial integration. Public opinion surveys reveal a reality of public opinion on desegregation that is far more complex and more positive than might be assumed. The public appears to believe that school integration is valuable, but there is strong resistance, particularly among older whites, to busing. (SM)…

Dardaine-Ragguet, Patricia; And Others (1994). Female Administrators in Urban Settings: Legal Implications for Policy and Practice. Urban Education, v28 n4 p398-411 Jan. Examines the legal, historical, and pervasive underrepresentation of women in educational administration, paying particular attention to women in urban settings. A profile of female administrators in urban areas is presented, with emphasis on job-satisfaction factors. Implications for the law, policy, and practices to redress this inequality are discussed. (SLD)…

Levin, Brian (1993). A Dream Deferred: The Social and Legal Implications of Hate Crimes in the 1990s. Journal of Intergroup Relations, v20 n3 p3-27 Fall. Examines legal and social implications of bias violence today and in the coming years. The most important legal development regarding hate crimes is the Supreme Court's "Wisconsin v. Mitchell" decision upholding the constitutionality of bias crime penalty enhancement laws. (SLD)…

Robinson, Donald (1992). World Studies through a Comparative Constitutional Prism. Update on Law-Related Education, v16 n3 p5-7,48 Fall. Emphasizes the importance of understanding the development of democracy around the world by comparative study of constitutions. Uses the development of the Japanese constitution after World War II as a case study. Describes the work of the team appointed by General Douglas MacArthur and the significance of the clause guaranteeing equal rights for women. (CFR)…

Newton, Chris (1999). Damage Control. Black Issues in Higher Education, v16 n5 p18-19 Apr 29. Assessment of Hopwood v Texas ruling on admissions at West Texas A&M University finds it has had little effect on that institution. The school stepped up recruitment efforts, targeting high schools with diverse populations. Additionally, the state's "10 percent" rule automatically made the top 10% percent of graduating students eligible for enrollment in state public colleges and universities. (CH)…

Mote, Michael (1999). Going All the Way. Phi Delta Kappan, v80 n10 p766-69 Jun. An elementary principal believes the universal "right" to a free public-school education has so hamstrung educators that they cannot effectively set or maintain standards. Two case studies involving disruptive students and irresponsible parents illustrate a vicious cycle that only educational vouchers (for full per-pupil amounts) might interrupt. (MLH)…

Hyman, Irwin A.; Snook, Pamela A. (2000). Dangerous Schools and What You Can Do about Them. Phi Delta Kappan, v81 n7 p489-98,500-01 Mar. Educator violence against students (verbal and physical assaults and the undermining of students' constitutional rights) erodes rather than enhances school safety. Unnecessarily harsh disciplinary practices create a violence-prone climate mirroring U.S. society–the most retributive of Western nations. Democratic classroom practices can help counter youth demonization. (MLH)…

Stocker, Karen (2005). Citizenship, Wealth, and Whiteness in a Costa Rican High School. International Journal of Educational Policy, Research, and Practice: Reconceptualizing Childhood Studies, v5 n4 p121-146 Win 2004-2005. This article addresses the democratic rhetoric taught in a Costa Rican High School and the ways in which that rhetoric clashed with school practices that revealed hierarchies based on race, ethnicity, class, and religion. This contradiction was rendered visible through student elections, the Independence Day celebration, and civic acts. Through these acts, it became apparent that white, wealthy, Catholic students were upheld as most closely matching the image of ideal citizenship projected by the nation though participants in these events pontificated about the ideals of democracy and equality. A strict enforcement of uniform use seemingly intended to homogenize the student body, but was taken to extremes and, instead, served to exacerbate class differences. Throughout the article, I rely on racial formation theory and those theories proposed by specialists in anthropology and education to note how the school taught the value placed on whiteness implicit in the school's practices…. [PDF]

Engl, Margaret; Permuth, Steven B.; Wonder, Terri K. (2003). "Brown:" The Historical-Legal Antecedents. International Journal of Educational Reform, v12 n4 p325-335 Fall. In the "Columbia Law Review," Harry Jones (1974) illustrates five general and sometimes overlapping purposes of the law. They include the preservation of the public peace and safety, the settlements of individual disputes, the maintenance of security expectations, the resolutions of conflicting social interests, and the channeling of social change. Of those purposes, perhaps no case in legal history has directed the course of social change in the United States more than the case of "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka" (347 U.S. 483, 1954). In addition, as conversations with South African educators witness, the case also maintains international significance for nations and peoples who have functioned under apartheid-like systems with laws reminiscent of the United States' own Jim Crow social policy, dismantled after the rendering of the "Brown" decision. As everyone moves to the golden anniversary of the decision next year on May 17, 2004, it is… [Direct]

Oto, Todd; Young, I. Phillip (2004). The Impact of Age for Asian, Hispanic, and Native American Teacher Candidates on Principals' Screening Decisions as Viewed from a Social Distance Perspective. Leadership and Policy in Schools, v3 n4 p295-323. A national random sample of senior high school principals evaluated the paper credentials of hypothetical teacher candidates varying both in national origin (Asian, Hispanic, or Native American) and in chronological age (control condition, 29 years old, or 49 years old) for a focal teacher position either in their building (proximal) or in their district (distal). Evaluations were cast in a 3x3x2 completely crossed factorial design and submitted to a MANOVA. Results lend partial support for social distance theory as a framework for explaining screening decisions for certain ethnic groups reporting their chronological age as being either 29 or 49 and increase current knowledge about the teacher selection process. (Contains 5 tables, 4 figures, and 3 footnotes.)… [Direct]

McCarthy, Linda (2003). Wearing My Identity: A Transgender Teacher in the Classroom. Equity & Excellence in Education, v36 n2 p170-183 Jun. The term \transgender\ is used by people whose gender identity or expression falls outside the boundaries of traditional gender expectations. In educational systems, transgender issues are becoming increasingly relevant as both students and staff \come out\ as transgender, and as young people explore non-normative gender expression. In comparison to the empirical and theoretical discussions on gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth issues in education, research on transgender youth is sparse, and academic research on transgender teachers is non-existent. Like closeted gay, lesbian, and bisexual teachers, transgender teachers are isolated, hidden, and silent about their authentic identities. This exploratory study offers one transgender-identified teacher's story in an urban public school system. The issues addressed include gender dynamics in the classroom, relationships with students, the connections between sexual orientation and gender identity, and discrimination in the work environment…. [Direct]

Keesecker, Ward W. (1958). Know Your School Law. Bulletin, 1958, No. 8. Office of Education, US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare This publication is designed to encourage and assist those who seek to improve school systems through the improvement of school laws. This is a revised edition of \Know Your School Law,\ Bulletin 1952 No. 1, by Dr. Ward W. Keesecker, and is part of the Office of Education program to develop a clearinghouse of timely and useful information on important phases of school law. The purpose of this publication is to stimulate interest in the further improvement of educational laws, to identify legislative need in the field of education, and to suggest guiding principles, procedures, and source material helpful to this end. This bulletin is organized into two parts. Part I, Importance of Educational Law, provides a brief discussion of the significant relationship of educational laws to the quality and efficiency of education. Some suggestive principles and procedures for those who seek to improve the laws governing the administration and support of various phases of public education are… [PDF]

Sorenson, Gail Paulus (1987). Employees. This chapter analyzes more than 200 cases reported in 1986 involving public-sector employees in elementary and secondary education. Also included, where appropriate, are relevant 1986 Supreme Court cases from outside the field of education, as well as leading cases from prior years. Legal issues covered by the review include the following: (1) discrimination in employment by race, religion, sex, national origin, age, or handicap; (2) substantive constitutional rights, including freedom of speech, association, and religion, along with issues of privacy and substantive due process; (3) procedural due process; (4) issues of dismissal, nonrenewal, demotion, and discipline (for insubordination, unprofessional conduct, immorality, or incompetence); (5) reduction in force and involuntary leaves of absence; (6) contractual disputes; (7) tenure; (8) and certification, decertification, revocation, and suspension. (TE)… [PDF]

(1991). Position Statements of the Association for Retarded Citizens of the United States. This compilation of position statements of the Association for Retarded Citizens (ARC) describes what the Association believes on critical issues related to rights, treatment, services, and programs for children and adults with mental retardation and their families. This publication contains positions that the Board of Directors of ARC of the United States agreed, in 1988, should remain in force as written and those new and/or revised that were approved by the ARC's Delegate Body in 1989 and 1990. Specific position statements address the following topics: the rights of people with mental retardation, quality assurance, family support, individual service coordination (case management), integration, self-advocacy, sexuality, education, employment, residential living arrangements, behavior intervention, guardianship, and prevention of mental retardation. (JDD)…

Mawdsley, Ralph D. (1991). Employees. This chapter covers over 200 cases reported in 1990 involving precollegiate, public-sector employees. Those cases where procedural issues are involved are omitted, and procedural issues in the remaining cases are deemphasized. Unlike many years in the past, 1990 saw no Supreme Court cases related to school employment. As in previous years, the section on dismissal, nonrenewal, demotion, and discipline contains the largest group of cases, with many revolving around the issue of board compliance with district and state policies. Legal issues covered by the review are organized in the following sections: (1) discrimination in employment by race, religion, sex, age, national origin, or handicap; (2) substantive constitutional rights including freedom of speech and association, along with issues of privacy and substantive due process; (3) procedural due process; (4) issues of dismissal, nonrenewal, demotion, and discipline (for insubordination, unprofessional conduct, unfitness,…

(1998). Adult Education for All. Minority and Indigenous Communities at CONFINTEA V (Hamburg, Germany, July 14-18, 1997). Seminar Report. Ten themes were explored at the Fifth World Conference on Adult Education: (1) adult learning and democracy; (2) improving the conditions and quality of adult learning; (3) ensuring the universal right to literacy and basic education; (4) adult learning, gender equality and equity, and the empowerment of women; (5) adult learning and the changing world of work; (6) adult learning in relation to environment, health, and population; (7) adult learning, culture, media, and new information technologies; (8) adult learning for all; (9) the economics of adult learning; and (10) enhancing international cooperation and solidarity. Some 1,500 government and nongovernmental organization representatives, adult education researchers, and practitioners took part in the conference. Issues of concern identified by the participants in the conference and the minorities working group included the following: civic education of majority, heterogeneous, and minority communities; curriculum reform;…

(1986). LRE Project Exchange. Volume 6, Number 1, Spring 1986. LRE Project Exchange, v6 n1 Spr. Lawyers who volunteer to teach youngsters about law and the legal process will find this special issue of "LRE Project Exchange," which contains lesson plans and suggestions from teachers and other lawyers, useful. "Sure-Fire Presentations" (A. Gallagher) offers practical suggestions for making classroom presentations more effective. "The Case of the Professional Tap Dancer" (A. Gallagher) is a lesson plan for use with early elementary students that examines rights in conflict and conflict resolution. "Teaching about Contracts" (L. E. Shefsky) uses role-playing to introduce children in grades K-4 to some of the main concepts involved in contract law. "People Who Make Courts Work" (D. Greenawald) is a lesson plan designed to teach students in grades K-3 about due process."Mediation and the Adversary Process" (M. Smith) can be used with students in grades 5-12. This lesson plan focuses on conflict resolution by contrasting… [PDF]

(1991). A New Agenda for Educational Equity. Education in a Changing South: New Policies, Patterns and Programs. Report on the Annual Continuing Conference (9th, Atlanta, Georgia, November 5-7, 1991). This publication presents the proceedings of a conference on African Americans and educational equity in the southern United States. A brief overview opens the publication followed by information on Jean Fairfax, recipient at the conference of the John A. Griffin Award for Advancing Equity in Education. Other presentations are included as follows: (1) "A Perspective on the Continuing Struggle for Equity" (J. Fairfax); (2) "Evolving Legal Approaches to Equity" (J. L. Chambers); (3) "Some Thoughts on Rights and Remedies" (D. Bell); (4) "Financing Education in Troubled Times" (K. McGuire and B. Canada); (5) "Schools and Communities: Citizen Involvement in Quality Education" (S. Prighozy and A. Blackwell); (6) "Achieving Educational Equity: A Comprehensive Urban Approach" (W. W. Herenton); (7) "Adams Revisited: Equity in Higher Education" (W. R. Cleere and H. Wilson); (8) "Comprehensive Services: Their Role in… [PDF]

Hartman, Rhona C., Ed. (1991). Transition in the United States: What's Happening. Information from HEATH, v10 n3 Dec. This newsletter summarizes federal and state legislation concerned with the transition of youth with disabilities into further education or work. It identifies relevant provisions of the federal Individuals with Disabilities Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Specific federal resources concerning employment, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications as well as two ADA publications are identified. Activities related to transition in the states have focused on adoption of either an interagency cooperative agreement or a Memorandum of Understanding model. Some states have established state transition councils. Specific transition activities and resources are identified for Maine, Minnesota, North Carolina, Virginia, and Washington state. Five specific programs (in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Oregon, Maryland, and North Carolina) are briefly described with contact information. Four program manuals are also identified. Under the heading "Effective… [PDF]

Burke, Edward P., Ed.; Quigley, Mark S., Ed. (1993). Furthering the Goals of the Americans with Disabilities Act through Disability Policy Research in the 1990s: Summary of Proceedings (Washington, D.C., December 7-9, 1992). The conference reported in this document had three aims: to initiate dialogue on furthering the goals of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) through disability policy research; to identify the resources and infrastructures available to enhance the process; and to articulate steps that can be taken to monitor implementation of the Act. The conference included plenary sessions on the following issues: disability research and enforcement of the ADA, putting research to work for the realization of the goals of the ADA from the perspectives of the disability community and of minorities and other underserved populations, shaping an interdisciplinary field of disability studies, strategies for adopting a common nomenclature, research strategies for statistics using survey data, the role of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, research strategies for monitoring the ADA, and future trends in disability policy research. Eight smaller "breakout" sessions examined… [PDF]

Thompson, Becky W., Ed.; Tyagi, Sangeeta, Ed. (1993). Beyond a Dream Deferred: Multicultural Education and the Politics of Excellence. This multidisciplinary anthology with chapters by faculty members, administrators, and students consolidates moral and political views of multicultural education and the institutional changes that have taken place in the past 20 years in higher education. Selections include: (1) "Rethinking America: The Practice and Politics of Multiculturalism in Higher Education" (Evelyn Hu-DeHart); (2) "The New Cultural Politics of Difference" (Cornel West); (3) "On Race and Voice: Challenges for Liberal Education in the 1990s" (Chandra Talpade Mohanty); (4) "Clarence Thomas, Affirmative Action, and the Academy" (Evelynn Hammonds); (5) "The Politics of Inclusion: Reskilling the Academy" (Becky W. Thompson and Sangeeta Tyagi); (6) "Community Ties and Law School Faculty Hiring: The Case for Professors Who Don't Think White" (Ian Haney Lopez); (7) "The Responsibility of and to Differences: Theorizing Race and Ethnicity in Lesbian and…

Roberts, Nicole; And Others (1993). Living Your Own Life: A Handbook for Teenagers by Young People and Adults with Chronic Illness or Disabilities. This book aims to provide teenagers with chronic illnesses or disabilities with useful information, moral support, and understanding as they make the transition to adulthood. It points out that although individuals with disabilities may want and need others for support, they can still live independently and make choices in all areas of their lives. Several young adults share their experiences and views on managing their lives, focusing on emotional adjustment, healthy lifestyles, planning for the future, setting realistic goals, understanding the importance of good communication, knowing their legal and human rights and being a self advocate, and exploring the need for relationships and physical affection. Step-by-step suggestions for preparing for independent living are offered. These suggestions address health insurance, Supplemental Security Income, employment, housing, independent living skills, postsecondary education, and recreation. Chapter titles include: \Living Your Own…

Olson, Paul (1993). A Voice for White Society: The Role of "The Virginia Gazette" during School Integration. The limited coverage of blacks in "The Virginia Gazette" during integration marked a symbolic step toward greater, or equal inclusion of black society in the newspaper but proved far from fulfilling the newspaper's role as a community newspaper. Personal interaction between blacks and whites in Williamsburg (Virginia) did not occur very often, and black views on integration appeared sparingly in the press. The full integration and achievement of racial parity in public schools did not happen in many localities throughout Virginia until the late 1960s because the courts had to decide on the constitutionality of school busing, and full integration was not realized in many districts until the fall of 1968. "The Virginia Gazette" affords little reference to integration until that year. The pattern of stories, people, and issues covered in 1968 as well as the testimony of former editors and writers at the newspaper revealed a similar marginalization of blacks in the… [PDF]

Mawdsley, Ralph D. (1990). Employees. This chapter covers the nearly 220 cases reported in 1989 involving precollegiate, public-sector employees. Those cases where purely procedural issues are involved are omitted, and procedural issues in the remaining cases are deemphasized. As in previous years, the section on dismissal, nonrenewal, demotion, and discipline has the greatest concentration of cases. Legal issues covered by the review are organized in the following sections: (1) discrimination in employment by race, sex, national origin, age, or handicap; (2) substantive constitutional rights, including speech, association, privacy, and substantive due process; (3) procedural due process, including liberty and property interests, and aspects of notice and hearings; (4) issues of dismissal, nonrenewal, demotion, and discipline (for insubordination, unprofessional conduct, unfitness, willful neglect of duty, immorality or incompetence); (5) reduction in force and involuntary leaves of absence; (6) contract disputes; (7)…

Magsino, Romulo F. (1980). Student Rights in Newfoundland and the United States: A Comparative Study. Official policies concerning students' rights in Newfoundland and in the United States are examined, and standards of justification for students' rights are discussed. A questionnaire was sent to each school district superintendent in Newfoundland and to 100 selected superintendents in the State of Wisconsin. The response rate from Newfoundland was 66%; from the United States, 56%. The superintendents were asked to indicate policies concerning students' rights to free speech, free press, association membership, personal appearance and behavior, reasonable punishment, privacy, due process, and academic matters. Results showed that, in spite of the many U.S. Supreme Court rulings on student rights, only in the area of due process do over 50% of the Wisconsin school boards have an officially adopted policy. In Newfoundland, even fewer school boards have official policies. The study concludes that many current standards of justification for students' rights–i.e., the student as a…

(1986). The English Only Movement: An Agenda for Discrimination. Special Convention Issue. The "English Plus" Project. Six articles discuss various aspects of the English Only Movement while affirming the inalienable right of language minority individuals to equal educational opportunity and due process under the law and the right to maintain cultural and linguistic ties to their native heritages. Congressman Don Edwards considers bilingual ballots, explaining minority language provisions of the Voting Rights Act, and concluding that they have effectively and fairly insured the right to vote for all Americans. Congressman John McCain discusses the 1984 reauthorization of the Bilingual Education Act, emphasizing that the purpose of bilingual education is to teach English not to perpetuate ethnic division in American society. Senator Paul Simon views bilingual education as a way to provide limited-English-speaking students with equal access to education and allow them to participate fully in our economy and society. G. Richard Tucker draws from his experience and research with Canadian language…