Trinkaus-Randall, Gregor (2005). The USA PATRIOT Act: Archival Implications. Journal of Archival Organization, v3 n4 p7-23. In October 2001, Congress passed the USA PATRIOT Act to strengthen the ability of the U.S. government to combat terrorism. Unfortunately, some sections of the Act strike at core values and practices of libraries and archives, especially in the areas of record keeping, privacy, confidentiality, security, and access to the collections. This article addresses several crucial issues with focus especially on Section 215 of the Act, privacy and confidentiality concerns, record keeping practices, and the development of policies and procedures to prepare archivists for a request from the Federal Bureau of Investigation for researcher records. (Contains 36 notes.)… [Direct]

Ferfolja, Tania (2005). Institutional Silence: Experiences of Australian Lesbian Teachers Working in Catholic High Schools. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education, v2 n3 p51-66. This article, based on the author's doctoral research, examines the ways in which some religious schools in New South Wales (NSW), via institutional practices, maintain and perpetuate discrimination in relation to lesbian teachers and lesbian sexualities. These institutional practices, which included threats of dismissal, forced resignations, implicit harassment, monitoring and surveillance, curriculum silences, and censorship, silence lesbian sexualities and impact the teacher's daily operations and freedom of speech. Vicarious witnessing of these forms of punishment (in the Foucauldian sense) further ensures the silencing of lesbian identities. Moreover, statewide anti-discrimination legislation, which excludes some private institutions from compliance in the area of sexuality, serves to reinforce discriminatory practices, and ultimately silenced the various violence perpetuated against many of the participants in this research. (Contains 1 note.)… [Direct]

Ma'ayan, Hadar Dubowsky (2003). Masculine Female Adolescents at School. Equity & Excellence in Education, v36 n2 p125-135 Jun. The current literatures on girls, queer youth, and multicultural education have ignored a significant group of young people and their experiences in school. This research is a retrospective exploratory study of masculine female adolescent schooling experiences, focusing on the school experiences of adults aged 18-54 who were socially defined as \girls\ but who presented a masculine gender expression. This group of people, who may call themselves \tomboys,\ \butches,\ or \transgendered\ are so underrepresented in the dominant discourses that there is no common language by which to categorize them. In interviews conducted over the past year, these participants revealed the transphobia, homophobia, and misogyny, as well as the support and freedoms they experienced within educational systems. This study reveals the need for critical examination of school policies and their impact on transgender youth. Further development of anti-oppressive curricula which address gender expression as a… [Direct]

Bajaj, Monisha (2004). Human Rights Education and Student Self-Conception in the Dominican Republic. Journal of Peace Education, v1 n1 p21-36 Mar. In 2001, a 3-month course in human rights based on critical inquiry was offered to 8th graders in a slum area of Santo Domingo. The students' attitudes, behaviors and knowledge of human rights principles were measured before and after the course. The curriculum focused on international principles and entrenched local problems such as discrimination against Haitian migrants, police brutality, violence against women and exploitation of child labor in free trade zones. This paper will discuss the field of human rights education, the study's findings about the nature of student response to the course and its impact on student identity, solidarity with victims of human rights abuses and self-confidence as a result of human rights education. (Contains 1 figure, 1 table and 9 notes.)… [Direct]

(2006). Assistance to States for the Education of Children with Disabilities and Preschool Grants for Children with Disabilities: Final Rule. Federal Register, Part II: Department of Education, 34 CFR Parts 300 and 301. National Archives and Records Administration, Federal Register v71 n156 p46540-46845 Aug 14. The Secretary issues final regulations governing the Assistance to States for Education of Children with Disabilities Program and the Preschool Grants for Children with Disabilities Program. These regulations are needed to implement changes made to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, as amended by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (Act or IDEA). These regulations implement changes in the regulations governing the Assistance to States for Education of Children with Disabilities Program and the Preschool Grants for Children with Disabilities…. [PDF]

(2008). British Columbia Early Learning Framework. British Columbia Ministry of Education This document, British Columbia's Early Learning Framework, is intended to guide and support early childhood educators, StrongStart BC facilitators, early years professionals, service providers, communities and governments in providing rich early learning experiences for children from birth to kindergarten. The document may also be of interest for families with young children. The primary purpose of this document is to support adults to create rich early learning experiences and environments that reflect the latest knowledge on how best to support young children's early learning and development. For early childhood educators, early years professional, or other type of service provider, this document will provide tools to reflect on the early learning experiences, to guide programs and activities, and to support dialogue with and between families about their children's early learning. As a parent or caregiver, it may stimulate reflections on children's early learning. For children who… [PDF]

Cockerill, Charles P.; Daugherty, Richard F. (1998). Nevada Education Law: Federal and State Law Governing Nevada K-12 Education in Question/Answer Format. This book provides answers to the most common legal questions of Nevada's school board members, administrators, and educators. Chapter 1, "The Nevada School System: Governance, Programs, and Standards," explores the constitutional, legal, and statutory basis of school system governance. Chapter 2, "The Nevada Plan: Finance of Public Education," covers questions about state, local, and federal support, budgeting, bonding, short-term financing, funding, advertising, and taxes. Chapter 3, "Boards of Trustees," considers qualifications, meeting laws, ethics codes, and public recordkeeping. Chapter 4, "Superintendents, Administrators, and Principals," surveys the required qualifications, powers, duties, and roles of administrators and principals. Chapter 5, "Professional Teaching Staff," reviews certification, licensing, probation, rehiring, evaluation, discipline, discharge, and copyright laws pertaining to teachers. Chapter 6,…

(1995). The ADA and Persons with Cognitive Disabilities. Trainer's Curriculum. This comprehensive trainer's guide and participant manual are designed to provide a planning process through which training programs on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and its implications for persons with cognitive disabilities can be developed and delivered in a systematic way. Module 1 of the trainer's guide, "Planning and Coordinating ADA Training: Suggested Guidelines for Implementation at the State and Local Level," includes information to coordinate, custom design, and implement training. It addresses training needs assessment, identification and recruitment of participants, agenda development and recruitment of instructors, calculation of training costs, program and site coordination, packaging of instructional materials, program evaluation, and training delivery. Module 2, "Informational Resources To Enhance Training," contains information on accommodations requirements, a bibliography and list of resources, and a directory of Illinois state… [PDF]

Aguirre, Adalberto, Jr.; Martinez, Ruben O. (1993). Chicanos in Higher Education: Issues and Dilemmas for the 21st Century. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 3, 1993. This monograph looks at Chicano participation in higher education to date and pressing issues for increased participation in the 21st century. An exploration of how Chicanos relate generally to the national education system cites low academic achievement which contributes to relative social and cultural isolation. Isolation coupled with educational tracking places the population at risk for negative educational and economic outcomes. Looking at Chicanos and higher education the monograph notes slow improvement in part due to small numbers of students pursuing postsecondary education. This section also recalls the history of Chicano participation beginning in the 1850s in California and including the recent construction of "El Plan de Santa Barbara." Examination of the context for participation notes federal government programs and legislation which have facilitated entry for Chicanos and also reinforced a subordinate status. A section on Chicano representation in higher… [PDF]

Harvey, William; Washington, Valora (1989). Affirmative Rhetoric, Negative Action: African-American and Hispanic Faculty at Predominantly White Institutions. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report 2, 1989. The need for higher education to shift from a policy of nondiscrimination to one of affirmative action is examined, with note taken of the clear opportunity for higher education to take advantage of faculty positions being vacated due to retirement during the mid-to-late 1990s. Preparations can be made now to provide opportunities for minority students to enter graduate school and be prepared for a future career in the professoriate. Necessary issues and actions are defined. The first four of the reports discuss the following topics and subtopics: (1) overview of affirmative action for African-American and Hispanic faculty (why it is important to have a diverse faculty, higher education before affirmative action, defining affirmative action, and the impact of affirmative action on higher education); (2) supply and demand for African-American and Hispanic faculty (status of this faculty in higher education, supply and demand issues, quality of faculty life, tomorrow's professoriate:… [PDF]

O'Reilly, Robert C. (1990). "Kuhlmeier,""Fraser," and the Legitimate Control of Students. Student rights to freedom of speech and the legitimate degrees of control available to principals are discussed in this paper. An overview of pertinent federal litigation focuses on two landmark cases involving oral and written speech, respectively: Bethel School District #403 v. Fraser; and Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. A conclusion is that principal effectiveness depends partially on knowledge of community standards of acceptable speech and on legal awareness. An addendum describes the Supreme Court decision in June 1990 of Westside Schools v. Mergens, which provides a new degree of student freedom and imposes a burden of conformity on public schools. (9 references) (LMI)…

Lebrato, Mary T., Ed. (1986). Help Yourself: A Manual for Dealing with Sexual Harassment. This manual provides an overview of sexual harassment and what can be done about it. Although it deals with laws in California, its general sections and sections of federal laws could be used by persons in any state. The guide contains 12 chapters. Chapter 1 includes a discussion of what sexual harassment is and how it affects society and the individual. Chapters 2 through 11 discuss in detail the various options available to deal with the sexual harassment experience. They include information on the advantages and disadvantages of these options and what may be expected in the pursuit of a particular course of action. These chapters discuss documenting the experience, which is critical regardless of which avenue is pursued, remedies, the use of the criminal justice system, the employment complaint system, the military service complaint system, and the prison complaint system. The final chapter includes a discussion of various miscellaneous issues including personal and community…

(1988). Annual Report. U.S. Department of Education, Fiscal Year 1987. In accordance with the Department of Education Organization Act (P.L. 96-88), this annual report highlights the fiscal year priorities and some of the Education Department's chief initiatives during fiscal year 1987. Several priorities are discussed: disadvantaged children, drug prevention and education, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act, and bilingual education. Separate chapters are devoted to the 13 offices under the direction of the Department of Education. Included are a list of advisory councils, boards, and commissions and a list of the Secretary's Regional Representatives. (SI)… [PDF]

(1983). Labor Policy, Minorities, and Youth. The central theme of the papers presented in this symposium is that the labor market for minorities and youth does not appear to function properly because of structural impediments (often caused by government regulations meant to help minorities) and that these impediments must be identified and effective remedies proposed. Following an introduction by James T. Bennett, Ann Wortham's paper considers the role of discrimination and the conflicts created when discrimination is addressed by legislative fiat; a comment by Paul H. Rubin follows. Then, William A. Keyes focuses on the minimum wage and on the Davis-Bacon Act and how its provisions limit employment opportunities; the Keyes paper is followed by comments from Walter E. Williams and James E. Pearce. Wendell Wilkie Gunn surveys a variety of techniques used by government to regulate public sector employment which have a particularly onerous effect on minority employment; this paper is commented upon by James R. Barth and Thomas J….

Mosley, Charlotte Graff (1982). The Role of Women as Educational Leaders in the Public Schools. The annotated bibliography describes the content of 71 documents treating the role of women as public school administrators. Of the documents, 16 discuss current trends in the employment of women as administrators, 28 concern the attitudes and perceptions of society concerning the presence of women in leadership positions in education, 13 review studies of the performance of women in administrative roles, and 14 analyze programs and procedures for increasing the representation of women in educational leadership. The compiler introduces the bibliography with a brief history of the role of women in education, describes the research effort prompting development of the bibliography, and defines critical terms. The bibliography concludes with a brief summary of the major implications of the literature reviewed and presents nine recommendations addressed to the educational establishment, to government agencies, and to women regarding policies for increasing the participation of women in…

(1976). Growing Up in America, Part II. Materials for Using American Issues Forum in the American History Classroom. Topic VIII. Seven modules about aspects of growing up in America are presented for incorporation into 11th grade social studies curricula. Content covers a variety of issues spanning a time period from America's colonial history through the present. Each module suggests discussion questions based on primary sources. Module one explores dimensions of religious freedom as set forth in documents such as the Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges (1701) and the Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty (1786). Module two cites legislation and court cases from the 1960s concerning freedom of religious expression in public schools. Module three compares society's acceptance of women religious leaders in 1848 and 1976. Various opinions of our nation's moral responsibilities are explored in the fourth module, which is based upon writings of Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Martin Luther King, Jr. Module five examines the effects of mobility upon contemporary family life. A family tree and the story… [PDF]

(1978). Montana Women on the Move. This labor market report contains data on the status of working women in Montana. It has eight sections with numerous graphs and statistical tables, most of which give state and national figures. Section 1 presents female labor force characteristics and compares the status of working women with that of men. Section 2 gives an overview of female employment by industrial and occupational attachment. Section 3, on Montana women and government employment, contains a reprint of the 1977 report of the state Equal Employment Opportunity Bureau and an analysis of the report. Section 4 discusses the earnings gap between men and women. Section 5 provides information on occupational attachment of unemployed females and job service activities involving female applicants. Section 6 discusses trends of female educational attainment. Section 7 gives a brief description of the laws affecting Montana women, guidelines to determine if a discriminatory problem exists, and information on where to go… [PDF]

Bickel, Robert D.; Brechner, Judith A. (1978). The College Administrator and the Courts. Published as a companion to \The College Student and the Courts,\ this handbook attempts to acquaint the college or university administrator with the legal aspects of selected major areas of administration of public and private institutions of higher education. Legal aspects of college or university administration are developed through the decisions of the federal and state courts and various quasi-judicial/administrative tribunals to provide a sound basis for interaction with the institution's legal counsel. An introduction explains how to read legal citations and presents United States Constitutional provisions and the statutes referred to in this casebook. Chapters examine the following: the legal system; the role of college or university legal counsel; public and private colleges and universities; the concept of state action; selection and retention of faculty and staff; equal employment opportunity/affirmative action; collective bargaining and other selected aspects of…

HILL, HERBERT, ED.; ROSS, ARTHUR M., ED. (1967). EMPLOYMENT, RACE, AND POVERTY. IN 1962 A FOUR-YEAR PROGRAM OF RESEARCH AND CONFERENCES ON THE GENERAL SUBJECT OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE AMERICAN ECONOMY WAS INITIATED ON THE BERKELEY CAMPUS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, FINANCED BY THE FORD FOUNDATION AND ADMINISTERED BY THE INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS. BEGINNING WITH THE ASSUMPTION THAT PERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES CALLS FOR NEW POLICIES, BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE, A COORDINATED GROUP OF STUDIES WAS DESIGNED TO FURNISH BETTER GUIDELINES FOR THESE POLICIES AND TO PROVIDE CRITICAL EVALUATION AS THEY ARE ESTABLISHED AND IMPLEMENTED. THE PRESENT DOCUMENT, WHICH DEALS WITH THE ECONOMIC DISABILITIES OF NEGRO WORKERS AND THE STAKES AND POSSIBILITIES INVOLVED IN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, IS ONE OF SEVERAL BOOKS EMERGING FROM THE PROGRAM. CHAPTERS ARE THE NEGRO'S POSITION IN THE LABOR MARKET, THE SOCIAL EFFECTS OF NEGRO UNEMPLOYMENT, THE MEANS AND EXPRESSIONS OF PROTEST, EMPLOYERS, UNIONS, AND THE NEGRO, EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF THE NEGRO, AND…

Cuban, Larry (1964). The Negro in America. Scott Foresman Problems in American History. Intended for use by high school students, this book is made up of resource materials which collectively trace the history of the Negro in America. Included are newspaper articles, poems, and relevant excerpts from novels, reports, and scholarly discussions. Each of the fifteen "problems" into which these materials are organized is accompanied by brief introductory discussion and pertinent study questions. The readings cover aspects of slavery and the Negro in the South, Negro leadership, politics and the Negro, the Chicago race riot, the Little Rock school crisis, and class structure in the Negro community. (LB)…

Rhodes, William C., Ed.; Sweeney, Dwight P., Ed. (1977). Alternatives to Litigation: The Necessity for Parent Consultation. A Final Institute Report. These proceedings were compiled from two separate institutes held in Ann Arbor on November 18-19, 1976, and again on January 20-21, 1977. Institute participants included directors of special education, school psychologists, school social workers, and teacher consultants from around the state. The papers presented here are composites of presentations made at both institutes. The major concern of the institutes was the involvement of parents in decision-making concerning the kinds of education provided handicapped students. Topics considered include the effect of court litigation, diagnostic testing, the relationship between school psychologists and parents, and student placement, particularly mainstreaming. (Author/IRT)… [PDF]

Schofield, Dee (1976). The Busing Controversy. [NAESP] School Leadership Digest [Second Series, Number 6. ERIC/CEM Research Analysis Series, Number 21.]. To understand the controversy over busing, it is necessary to understand the relationship between busing and the issues that are actually at the root of the controversy: desegregation and freedom of choice. Much of the political activity surrounding busing is a subtle transfer of attention away from the basic issue of desegregation. Other opponents to busing see it as another needless restriction on the freedom to choose one's residence and, concurrently, to choose the school to which one's children go. Because the Supreme Court has not rendered an absolute verdict on busing, school decision-makers are forced to live with the frequently fuzzy guidelines available. Congress and the President have adopted a wait and see stance that offers no leadership on the question. Social science research on busing is not helpful either as the research is not definitive in its findings. It is clear, however, that the attitudes of school officials and community leaders help to shape the attitude of… [PDF]

Levitan, Sar A.; And Others (1975). Minorities in the United States: Problems, Progress, and Prospects. This book organizes and synthesizes basic factual information concerning the changing status of blacks, Puerto Ricans, Mexican Americans, and American Indians. It specifically provides the highlights of data on income, employment, and education of minorities and sketches the broad patterns as revealed through federally published statistics and other public and private resource documents. The book is divided into six chapters. Chapter one, an overview, emphasizes the need for a closer look at the difficulties of minority groups. Chapters two through five stress the particular problems of each group separately. Chapter six reviews the positive and negative aspects of the present situation and makes predictions for the future. Each chapter presents tables, charts, and graphs to accompany the text. (Author/DB)…

Goldstein, Stephen R. (1974). Law and Public Education: Cases and Materials. Contemporary Legal Education Series. This book is intended to serve as a general introduction to the broad area of educational law for students without previous exposure to the subject or as a tool for more advanced students seeking to focus on a particular area of the law as it applies to public education. Although its emphasis is primarily legal, the book also contains historical, pedagogical, economic, and other material necessary for full understanding and analysis of the subject matter. Cases and other materials have been included in unusually full versions in order to avoid the loss of important complexities, ambiguities, and nuances of meaning. Major topics of discussion include: the history and background of American public education; universal and compulsory education; curriculum determination; the testing, grouping, and grading of students; school control of general student conduct and status; the constitutional problems of control of expression in school; sanctions for breaches of rules; enforcing student…

(1988). Higher-Education Funds in the Fiscal 1989 Budget. Chronicle of Higher Education, v34 n24 pA25 Feb 24. Fiscal 1987 actual, fiscal 1988 actual, and fiscal 1989 requested budgets for higher education through the Department of Education and other federal agencies are presented. Student, institutional, and specific program assistance budgets are listed. (MSE)…

Brady, Mary Lee (1984). Understanding the Minority Child in the American Educational System. Education, v105 n1 p21-33 Fall. Provides an historical review of social, religious, and educational attitudes toward child welfare. Examines the causes of racial prejudice, the plight of today's minority group children, and the responsibility of schools and educators toward this group. Discusses the nature of the school and the rights of students and teachers. (JHZ)…

Rodriguez, Rosana G.; Scott, Bradley; Villarreal, Abelardo (2005). A Community Action Guide: Seven Actions to Fulfill the Promise of Brown and Mendez. Intercultural Development Research Association More than 50 years ago, in Brown vs. Board of Education, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that sending children to separate schools solely on the basis of race was unconstitutional. Seven years prior, the Supreme Court ruled in Mendez vs. Westminster and the California Board of Education that Mexican American children could not be denied access to public schools or a quality education because they were Mexican American. While these two decisions transformed the nature of U.S. public education, their objectives have not been fully met. Now, more than ever before, the importance of equity and excellence in education for all children is of paramount importance. This booklet details seven actions community members can take to help fulfill the promise of Brown vs. Board of Education and Mendez vs. Westminster in the education of African American and Latino students. It also includes a step-by-step tool for developing a blueprint for action in a local community. (Contains a list of… [PDF]

(1999). Bush Talks. Bush Talks is an initiative of the Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission that aims to identify the major human rights issues confronting rural and remote residents, to inform rural Australians about human rights, and to develop projects to advance human rights in rural Australia. This paper summarizes major issues raised by rural residents via 26 community hearings, 94 telephone comments, and 53 written submissions during 1998. These issues are: providing basic health services, ensuring fair access to education, meeting other essential needs, valuing children and young people, and building communities. Recurring themes are: consolidating services into larger regional centers has resulted in shortages of services and facilities that deprive rural residents of their rights; government funding of services on a per capita basis results in inadequate rural programs; and discrimination and insensitivity to Indigenous people, youth, aged people, immigrants, and those… [PDF]

Crockett, Jean B.; Kauffman, James M. (1999). The Least Restrictive Environment: Its Origins and Interpretations in Special Education. The LEA Series on Special Education and Disability. This volume is intended to provide greater clarity to issues of student placement by examining the concept of the \least restrictive environment\ (LRE) in special education. Beginning chapters discuss current placement trends and dilemmas of service delivery. Chapter 3 describes the cultural conditions that led to contemporary special education. It analyzes through scholarly literature and personal interviews the history of U.S. social thought and schooling for students with disabilities before and after the passage of special education federal legislation. Chapter 4 explains and interprets the concept of LRE from a legal perspective to determine whether underlying assumptions about LRE have changed. Chapter 5 explains and interprets the concept of LRE from an educational perspective to determine whether underlying assumptions about LRE have changed and if so, whether the concept remains an ethical educational strategy. The power and inclination of parental politics is examined in…

Hines, Mack T., III, Ed.; Richardson, Lynnette, Ed. (2002). Equity in Education: A Balancing Act. The issues surrounding equity in education are complex and varied. Recently the focus has shifted to students at risk. This paper discusses four specific issues that have affected school learning for at-risk students over the last 50 years. Issue 1, equity and youth at risk, discusses the home and family life of at-risk students and its relationship to social and academic success. Issue 2, ability grouping and the problems of youth at risk, addresses the effects of homogeneous and heterogeneous grouping on at-risk students. Issue 3, educational opportunity for students at risk, discusses the importance of across-the-board equity in the education system's support structures. Issue 4, educational opportunity and financing schools, addresses the need for the adequate and fair distribution of resources and presents details on a number of cases involved with finance litigation since the 1970s. The paper concludes that true equity in education means that every person should have the kind… [PDF]