Daily Archives: 2024-03-07

Bibliography: Civil Rights (Part 748 of 996)

Haynes, Charles C. (2001). Religious Liberty and the Public Schools. Fastback 479. The First Amendment supports one of the boldest and most successful experiments in religious liberty in human history. The challenge for 21st Century America is to sustain this extraordinary arrangement and expand its principles more fairly and justly to each and every citizen. Public schools are the principal institution charged with enabling Americans to live with one another's deepest differences. Over the past decade, religious and education groups from across the spectrum have adopted a series of consensus guidelines on matters of religious liberty such as religious holidays, student clubs, and cooperative arrangements between religious communities and public schools. The central philosophy revolves around the "civil school," where religion is not inculcated or inhibited but treated with fairness and respect. Such schools demonstrate fairness in that the curriculum includes study about religion, where appropriate, taught neutrally and objectively and as part of a…

Ducharme, Jean-Charles (1996). Minority-Language Educational Rights: The Implementation of Section 23 of the "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms": Status Report. New Canadian Perspectives. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982) brought to the Canadian education system the right to instruction in the minority language. However, it is the province that must establish the appropriate school structures for exercise of that right. The study reported here outlines the current situation in the Canadian provinces and territories with respect to minority-language instruction and the management of educational facilities by official-language minority groups. First, it looks at the parameters within which those rights are exercised, and examines the current situation in each province and territory (Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Yukon), presenting the relevant legislative provisions. The study is intended to be a useful reference on language rights in education in Canada. Enabling statutes are also summarized in an appended list. (MSE)… [PDF]

Silverman, William, Ed. (1972). Legal Developments in Urban Education. Education and Urban Society, 4, 2, 249-255, Feb 72.

Smith, Christopher (1972). The Constitutional Parameters of Student Protest. Journal of Law and Education, 1, 1, 39-63, Jan 72.

Lemley, Charles R. (1982). Students and Freedom of Expression. College Student Journal, v16 n4 p312-14 Win. The United States Constitution guarantees freedom of speech to all citizen students. However, this right is not absolute. There is a point at which the right to free expression must be curtailed in the interest of providing the most effective teaching and learning environment. (Author/RC)…

Clune, William H., III (1979). Evaluating School Discipline through Empirical Research. Education and Urban Society, v11 n4 p440-49 Aug. The problem of developing a widely acceptable set of standards for evaluating school discipline is examined. The issue of determining what kinds of evidence best indicate whether schools are living up to norms of basic fairness in their evaluation standards is also explored. (RLV)…

Rubel, Robert J. (1979). The Relationship between Student Victories in the Courts and Student Violence in the Schools. Contemporary Education, v50 n4 p226-30 Sum. The coincidence of increased student violence with increased student court victories indicates that there may be a causal relationship between the two. (LH)…

Melton, Gary B. (1996). The Child's Right to a Family Environment: Why Children's Rights and Family Values Are Compatible. American Psychologist, v51 n12 p1234-38 Dec. Although the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child has been criticized as antifamily because of its emphasis on family function rather than form, careful reading shows that it is not only supportive of strong families but offers a creative and conceptually coherent foundation for government action to promote and protect family life. (SLD)…

Eveslage, Thomas E. (1995). Stifling Student Expression: A Lesson Taught, A Lesson Learned. Contemporary Education, v66 n2 p77-81 Win. Substantive student publications can bring the democratic process to life in high schools. The article presents examples of student censorship by high school teachers and advisors, noting that the attempt to inhibit students' written expression may short-circuit a useful learning tool that can prepare students for productive citizenship. (SM)…

Zirkel, Perry A. (2002). Judgment Day. Phi Delta Kappan, v83 n7 p561-62 Mar. Describes Illinois case involving the expulsion of five students for a gang-related brawl at a high school football game in Decatur. Students brought suit against the school district claiming violation of their 14th Amendment right to procedural due process. Both the federal district court and court of appeals rejected the students' claim. Discusses lessons for school law. (PKP)…

Sharma, Parul (2005). Mental Health Aspects of Victims of Crime with Special Reference to Children. Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, v1 n4 Oct. Every woman, man, youth and child has the human right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, without discrimination of any kind. This is enshrined in the Indian Constitution and the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. Enjoyment of the human right to health is vital to all aspects of a person's life and well-being, and is crucial to the realization of many other fundamental human rights and freedoms. Furthermore, the social rights of victims of crime and their sensitive needs for mental health support is based on the Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, 1985 (Resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly, non-binding principles upon member nations). Remarkable developments have taken place both internationally and nationally when it comes to prioritising child rights, but the links between child abuse, child labour and the care for a child's mental health are still absent. The role of mental health of… [PDF]

Marples, Roger (2005). Against Faith Schools: A Philosophical Argument for Children's Rights. International Journal of Children's Spirituality, v10 n2 p133-147 Aug. In spite of the fact that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights grants parents the right to an education in conformity with their own religious convictions, this paper argues that parents should have no such rights. It also tries to demonstrate that religious and cultural minorities have no rights to establish faith schools and that it is a child's right in trust, to autonomous well-being, which trumps any such claims. Faith schools, it is argued, represent a real and serious threat to children's autonomy, especially their emotional autonomy. As such, they are incompatible with the aims of education required by a liberal democracy. (Contains 16 notes.)… [Direct]

Grover, Sonja (2004). Secondary Education as a Universal Human Right. Education and the Law, v16 n1 p21-31 Mar. Despite any international declarations to the contrary, basic education comes in practice to be conveniently regarded by governments as being synonymous with the level of schooling that the State stipulates is free and compulsory. Thus the operational definition of basic education is quite variable internationally and often does not include secondary schooling. Exacerbating the situation is the fact that international human rights instruments do not mandate that education be free and compulsory until the end of secondary school. However, these instruments do stipulate that the child's right to education involves the right to develop to their \full potential\. That is unlikely to occur for most children with less than secondary school completion as a \basic education\. It is argued here then that States have an obligation under international law to ensure access to inclusive school systems that facilitate secondary school completion by extending free, compulsory education to the end… [Direct]

Hadjikakou, Kika; Hartas, Dimitra (2008). Higher Education Provision for Students with Disabilities in Cyprus. Higher Education: The International Journal of Higher Education and Educational Planning, v55 n1 p103-119 Jan. Internationally, the number of students with disabilities entering higher education institutions is on the rise. Research estimates that 8-10% of students attending higher education are registered with disability, with learning difficulties being the most commonly reported disability. Widening participation in higher education has been supported by legislative changes, inclusive education practices, the use of ICT and accessible facilities and programs and, ultimately, an increasing belief among students with disabilities that higher education maximizes their opportunities for employment and independent living. Within the Cypriot context, research on disability, access and provision in higher education is limited. This study was a part of a large-scale study (PERSEAS) funded by the EU. From the original sample, 15 students attending private higher education institutions in Cyprus reported disability (i.e., sensory impairment, dyslexia, physical disabilities) and were selected for… [Direct]

Horwedel, Dina M. (2006). For Illegal College Students, an Uncertain Future. Diverse: Issues in Higher Education, v23 n6 p22-26 May. With almost two million undocumented children in school and an estimated 65,000 graduating from high school every year, higher education is becoming the new frontier in the immigration debate. In 1982, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the children of illegal immigrants have a right to a free K-12 education. However, the court never extended that right to higher education. What has resulted is uncertainty state by state–and often case by case–about how to respond to undocumented students. Some institutions summarily reject such students while others accept them as international students. Still other institutions play a quiet game of \don't ask, don't tell.\ Multiple immigration bills that hope to clarify the situation are currently working their way through the U.S. Congress, including the DREAM Act. With a contentious debate about immigration raging, the future of the act is uncertain. Its proponents argue that it should be considered on its own merits because it concerns fairness… [Direct]

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Bibliography: Civil Rights (Part 749 of 996)

Valdiviezo, Laura Alicia (2006). Interculturality for Afro-Peruvians: Towards a Racially Inclusive Education in Peru. International Education Journal, v7 n1 p26-35. Intercultural education policy and programs in Peru emerged as a response to the right of education for marginalised indigenous populations. Under the influence of international dialogue regarding education for all, Peruvian policy has recently proposed interculturality as a guiding principle of education for all Peruvians. In this context, institutions advocating for the rights of people of African descent are proposing intercultural education as a right for Afro-Peruvian marginalised populations. This paper discusses the challenges facing interculturality and racially inclusive education in Peru…. [PDF] [PDF]

Miodrag, Nancy; Richards, Deborah; Watson, Shelley L. (2006). Sexuality and Developmental Disability: Obstacles to Healthy Sexuality throughout the Lifespan. Developmental Disabilities Bulletin, v34 n1-2 p137-155. This paper presents a lifespan perspective of sexuality issues for individuals with developmental disabilities. Individuals with developmental disabilities are human beings who have historically been denied the right to express their sexuality or engage in sexual relationships due to misconceptions or negative attitudes. Using a hypothetical case to illustrate the challenges experienced by individuals with disabilities, human rights violations and the need for education and appropriate sexual information are highlighted. Issues such as eugenics, vulnerability to abuse, self-esteem, and individual differences are also discussed. Recommendations for practice are provided…. [PDF]

Okano, Kaori H. (2006). The Global-Local Interface in Multicultural Education Policies in Japan. Comparative Education, v42 n4 p473-491 Nov. This paper examines interactions between the global and the local in the context of Japanese mainstream schooling, by focusing on the development of local government policies to manage diversity in schools. This paper reveals how local governments developed education policies in interaction with grassroots professional groups, activists and schools, and by selectively incorporating national policies. These local policies are multicultural education policies but differ in two significant ways. The first is their predominant concern with human rights education, leaving celebration of cultural diversity as a marginal consideration, and the other is the official use of the term "foreigners" in the title of these policies; both of which reflect the pre-existing local context. The paper demonstrates that new immigrants do not unilaterally impact on supposedly ethnically homogeneous Japanese classrooms, but that the pre-existing local contexts (national, local and institutional)… [Direct]

(2009). Doorways II: Community Counselor Training Manual on School-Related Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response. US Agency for International Development The Doorways training program was designed by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded Safe Schools Program (Safe Schools) to enable teachers, community members and students to prevent and respond to school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV). Doorways II was designed for community counselors to prevent and respond to violence in schools. It includes this training manual and \Doorways II: Community Counselor Reference Materials on School-Related Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response,\ which contains content information and materials for participants to use throughout the program. A glossary and a bibliography are included. Two appendices are included: (1) School-Related Gender-Based Violence: Definition and Types; and (2) Doorways Training Program Evaluation. (Contains 19 footnotes.) [This manual is part of the Doorways program that comprises: \Doorways I: Student Training Manual on School-Related Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response\… [PDF]

Osborne, Allan G., Jr. (1989). Disciplining Handicapped Students: Legal Considerations. Federal and state courts have held that disciplinary sanctions cannot be applied to handicapped students in such a way that they would be deprived of their legal rights to a free, appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment, as mandated by the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA). This presentation outlines the due process provisions of the EHA and the "status quo" provision, which restricts changes that the school district may make in the child's placement without parental consent. Early litigation involving the EHA is described. A 1988 United States Supreme Court decision is traced through the district court and appeals court process. The decision, which ruled that handicapped students cannot be expelled for misconduct, at the same time upheld the use of normal disciplinary procedures such as suspensions. The policy implications and administrative implications of this decision are discussed. Forms for use in developing disciplinary… [PDF]

(1993). ADA Watch–Year One: A Report to the President and the Congress on Progress in Implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act. The ADA Watch was established in 1991 to monitor implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). The ADA Watch covers all titles of the law, all regions of the country, and all sectors of the economy. This report summarizes major ADA Watch findings and recommendations from a study conducted from October 1991 to November 1992. The report discusses efforts to implement the ADA by the federal government, people with disabilities, covered entities, nonprofit organizations, and entrepreneurs. It describes reports of handicap discrimination and efforts to address discrimination problems. It presents descriptions of exemplary efforts to comply with the ADA, outlines areas in which technical assistance and information are needed, points out ADA issues requiring federal action, and provides a research agenda. Twenty-two findings and 15 recommendations are discussed. The report concludes that there has been substantial progress in implementing the ADA during its early… [PDF]

Malcolm, Dolores B.; And Others (1985). A Manual for Implementing Project Equity: A Sex Equity Law-Related Education Program. Project Equity was a one-year project, funded by the Women's Educational Equity Act Program of the Department of Education, to enable the Saint Louis (Missouri) Public Schools to develop, test, and disseminate a curriculum on sex equity issues and laws. Designed to be integrated with law-related education programs in grades six through eight, the program includes a training module for teachers and administrators. Project Equity's goals include teaching equal treatment for both sexes and strengthening student understanding of state-mandated competencies. The manual presents information on how to plan and organize training workshops for potential teachers and stresses resources, logistics, finances, evaluation, and follow-up tasks. The appendices, which comprise three-fourths of the manual, include projects to enhance classroom, school, and community involvement; a sample lesson evaluation form; and information to be utilized by resource persons. The workshop lesson plan which…

Badat, M. Saleem (1999). Black Student Politics, Higher Education, and Apartheid: From SASO to SANSCO, 1968-1990. This book examines student politics in South Africa during the period 1968 to 1990, and specifically at two black higher education organizations: the South African National Students' Congress (SANSCO) and the South African Students' Organization (SASO), focusing on their ideological and political orientations, internal organizational structure, intellectual, political, and social determinants, and their contributions to the struggle against apartheid. The book's essential argument is that both were revolutionary national student political organizations that operated as organized social forces within the national liberation movement, that they functioned as catalysts of collective action, and contributed to the erosion of the apartheid social order. The book finds that black students were not just victims of apartheid but were also thinkers, conscious actors, and historical agents in the face of an authoritarian political order. Chapter 1, an introduction, examines the character,… [PDF]

Gordy, Shelly (1994). Four Nations' Juvenile Justice Systems: A Comparison. Update on Law-Related Education, v18 n1 p38-39 Win. Asserts that the juvenile justice system was created to minimize the adult criminal system's harsh penalties. Discusses the juvenile classification procedure, treatment and punishment, and criteria for judges in the United States, Canada, France, and Japan. Concludes that the U.S. system would be more effective if it incorporated aspects of other nations' systems. (CFR)…

Bennett, Linda Baird (1996). The Universal Rights of the Child. Key Concepts for Instruction with Young Learners. Social Studies and the Young Learner, v8 n4 p1-4,8 Mar-Apr. Identifies key concepts and principles from the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child. Presents learning activities and resource materials for each of these key principles. Includes a list of organizational resources and a calendar of related dates. (MJP)…

Holden, Gerry L. (1974). Sex Discrimination in the 1970's: The Supreme Court Decisions. Texas Tech Law Review, 6, 1, 149-67, F 74. Examines the four Supreme Court decisions on sex discrimination in this decade, including the viewpoints of the nine Justices in their conclusions regarding equality of the sexes. Concludes that the Court has yet to enunciate a definitive position on whether sex is a suspect classification. (JT)…

(1987). Abuses in Guardianship of the Elderly and Infirm: A National Disgrace. A Report by the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Health and Long-Term Care of the Select Committee on Aging. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, First Session. This document presents a report on the guardianship of the elderly and the disabled, and on abuses that occur in such guardianship. It presents a set of 12 questions and answers about guardianship: (1) what is guardianship; (2) how many older Americans are under guardianship; (3) who are the elderly persons under guardianship; (4) who can be a guardian; (5) do courts require that guardians receive special training; (6) what is the legal process by which a person can be put under guardianship; (7) what checks are in place to protect an elderly person from abuse by a guardian; (8) what are some of the most frequently cited problems with the current American guardianship system; (9) how can an elderly person get out from under guardianship; (10) what are some examples of guardianship abuse; (11) are there federal laws or national uniform standards for protecting the elderly under guardianship; and (12) what reforms are needed. Tables are included which illustrate which states have… [PDF]

(1985). Immigration Reform and Related Issues. Perspectivas Publicas. Issue Update. Asserting that immigration reform and related issues have commanded sustained attention in the opening weeks of the 99th Congress, this paper provides an overview of important developments in this area, and highlights steps taken by the National Council of La Raza to help shape these developments. The developments discussed include: (1) The Immigration and Naturalization Service's (INS) initiation of the Cuban Adjustmant Program (La Raza, working as one member of an ad hoc task force, is meeting with the INS to clarify review procedures and guarantee protection of constitutional due process); (2) proposed legislation to temporarily suspend the deportation of Salvadorean immigrants pending a detailed study of their situation; and (3) the introduction of two immigration reform proposals, both with provisions that would affect hiring practices, eligibility requirements for permanent resident status, and other immigration problems. Other possible immigration proposals are also looked…

Heath, Kathryn G. (1974). The Female Equation. American Education, 10, 9, 20-3,29,31-2, Nov 74. Another rebellion called for in 1776 is still being waged – by women fighting for treatment equal to that afforded men. (Editor)…

Senna, Joseph J. (1974). Changes in Due Process of Law. Social Work, 19, 3, 319-324, May 74. Changes in applying due process have ended the hands off policy of the courts regarding human service programs. These changes have important implications for social workers, whose actions may risk court involvement if practices are arbitrary. (Author)…

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