Davis, Douglas R. (1999). The Desegregation Experience of Public School Personnel in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana. This historical study examines the perceptions of teachers involved in the initial desegregation of the East Baton Rouge Parish Public School System, Louisiana, in 1970, when over 600 African American and white teachers began teaching in schools that were predominantly another race (cross-over). The study also examines the impact of cross-over on classroom teaching, highlighting the experiences through oral narrative from two cross-over teachers in the district: an African American man who transferred to a previously all white high school and a white woman who began teaching in a previously all African American high school. Both are still teaching in the district. The narratives were gathered under a set of common themes and included their thoughts on the cross-over; prior preparation for it; experiences during the first few days; relations with school administrators, students, and teachers; reactions of family and friends; experiences in the community; advantages and disadvantages… [PDF]

Friedmann, John (1996). Rethinking Poverty: Empowerment and Citizen Rights. International Social Science Journal, v48 n2 p161-72 Jun. Reports on an economic empowerment model that focuses on the household economy and the resources required by households for the production of their livelihood. Conceives of household economies as integrating the moral economy of social relations with the exchange economy based on money transactions. (MJP)…

Strobel, Pierre (1996). From Poverty to Exclusion: A Wage-Earning Society or a Society of Human Rights?. International Social Science Journal, v48 n2 p173-89 Jun. Maintains that spreading poverty in Europe has weakened social cohesion and now threatens the construction of the European Community. Initially centered on issues concerning the distribution of resources and goods, the discussion increasingly has focused on the breakdown of social relationships and the question of citizen's rights. (MJP)…

(2003). News and Views. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n39 p8-74 Spr. This collection of articles discusses such topics as why the SAT is a poor predictor of black college student graduation rates; the sudden nationwide decline in black faculty; the power of higher education to close the black-white income gap; Internet access to case files of slaves who sued for their freedom; the racial shortfall in counselors for college-bound blacks; and affirmative action in higher education. (SM)…

Baum, Daniel Jay (1990). Crumbling Walls, Enduring Obstacles: Cultural Blocks to Democracy in Eastern Europe. Update on Law-Related Education, v14 n3 p3-8,45-46 Fall. Within the context of German history and reunification, considers what occurs when a traditionally authoritarian culture is exposed to freedom. Explores the impact of this cultural change on education and the development of a free press in Eastern Europe. Examines issues of minority rights, antisemitism, and nationalism. Provides questions and resources for classroom discussion. (CH)…

Bach, Michael, Ed.; Rioux, Marcia H., Ed. (1994). Disability Is Not Measles: New Research Paradigms in Disability. This book is the product of a forum titled New Research Directions and Paradigms, held at the Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency in Australia in August 1992. The book presents 13 chapters, all written within a critical paradigm for disability research which critiques the reification of disability entrenched through a positivist theory of knowledge and focuses on the social, economic, political, and legal construction of disability. This paradigm sees disability as socially constructed rather than an inherent and fixed feature of a person and examines disability research questions through the lens of human rights and ethics. The following chapters are included: (1) "New Research Directions and Paradigms: Disability Is Not Measles" (Marcia H. Rioux); (2) "Intellectual Disability and the Heritage of Modernity" (John P. Radford); (3) "What Matters Most: Disability, Research and Empowerment" (Linda Ward… [PDF]

Kellogg, Ann (1995). Vocational Experience Programs for Students with Disabilities. Revised. This collection of background materials and guides is intended to assist Wisconsin educators involved in providing vocational experience programs for students with disabilities. Following an introductory section, the second section presents information on the following federal laws: Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA); Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; Job Training Partnership Act; Carl Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act; Americans with Disabilities Act; Rehabilitation Act; Social Security Act; and School to Work Opportunities Act. The third section explains Wisconsin legislation concerning compulsory school attendance, education for employment, youth apprenticeship, technical preparation, youth employment and Wisconsin's child labor laws, and vocational program access for students with disabilities. The fourth section addresses the application of federal and state child labor laws to vocational experience programs and covers: work permits, attendance,… [PDF]

Sharp, Linda A. (1990). Sports. This chapter includes all cases involving student-athletes, coaches, athletic directors, athletic associations, and booster organizations at both the K-12 and higher education levels. However, no case law is discussed that pertains to physical education instruction or intramural participation. The cases are discussed in the following sections: (1) eligibility; (2) equality of programs; (3) enforcement of rules; (4) tort; (5) employment; and (6) miscellaneous. (MLF)…

Castellanos, Diego; Leggio, Pamela (1983). The Best of Two Worlds: Bilingual-Bicultural Education in the U.S. This history of bilingual education in the United States begins with the advent of the Spanish in the early 16th century, and traces the development of the phenomenon to the present. Chapters cover (1) early immigration of Spanish and Germans before the Revolution, (2) early 19th century xenophobia, (3) bilingual schooling in the early 19th century, (4) bilingual education's decline in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, (5) the Puerto Rican influx in the mid-20th century, (6) the rise and failure of instruction in English as a second language (ESL), (7) the 1960s renaissance of bilingual education, (8) the federal bilingual act (Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965) and its implementation, (9) the ethnic awareness movement of the mid-1970's, (10) the peak of the bilingual movement, and (11) the aftermath of the Lau v. Nichols ruling. Also included are chapters on (1) variations on the bilingual concept, (2) a comparison of concepts of bilingual… [PDF]

Sharp, Linda A. (1989). Sports. This chapter includes all cases involving student-athletes, coaches, athletic directors, athletic associations, booster organizations, sports programs and events, and sports facilities and equipment at both the K-12 and higher education levels. However, no case law is discussed that pertains to physical education instruction or intramural participation. The cases are discussed in the following sections: (1) eligibility; (2) equality of programs; (3) enforcement of rules; (4) tort; (5) employment; (6) contract disputes; (7) discrimination; (8) First Amendment issues; and (9) miscellaneous. (MLF)…

Curiel, Herman (1987). Legalizing the Status of English: A New Form of Oppression for Language Minority Groups. The English-only movement, which promotes a Constitutional Amendment that would make English the official language of the United States, represents a threat to the Constitutional rights of non-English speaking citizens. This nation's founders–faced with a linguistically and culturally diverse population–did not see a need to mention language choice at all either in the Declaration of Independence or the Constitution. From the colonization period to World War I, bilingual schooling was common. World War I fostered nationalism and isolationism in the United States, and the existing cultural pluralism shifted toward cultural assimilation. The modern revival of public bilingual education in the United States evolved in the 1960's in the context of minority rights. The 1980's have seen a return to nationalism, isolationism, and low tolerance for cultural differences. In this political climate, a small but growing group of legislators, backed by a private organization known as U.S…. [PDF]

Thomas, Stephen B. (1988). Sports. This chapter includes all cases involving student-athletes, coaches, athletic directors, athletic associations, booster organizations, sports programs and events, and sports facilities and equipment at both the K-12 and higher education levels, but does not include case law involving physical education or intramural participation. Sections discuss cases regarding: (1) students' eligibility to participate in school sports; (2) equality of programs; (3) enforcement of rules; (4) sport-tort cases; (5) employment cases affecting coaches, athletic directors, or athletes; and (6) miscellaneous cases including use of an amusement tax, access to school and university records, and the collection of athletic fees. (MLF)…

Moore, Cory; And Others (1983). A Reader's Guide for Parents of Children with Mental, Physical, or Emotional Disabilities. An Update. The guide lists and summarizes publications designed to help parents of children with disabilities. In the first section, publications covering general aspects of handicaps–including personal accounts of parents, early home intervention, schooling, adulthood, and additional information resources–are described. Section II presents information about specific disabilities, including autism, epilepsy, hearing handicaps, learning disabilities, mental retardation, and physical handicaps. Specific topics of interest featured in the third section include attitudes, behavior modification, genetics and genetic counseling, prevention, and sexuality and sex education. Section 4 lists books about specific handicaps designed for the younger reader. Two final sections provide references by persons with disabilities and information on journals and directories. (CL)…

Jones, Ramona C. (1976). Abstract of the Minnesota Indian Education Hearings Report. Volume 1, November 1976. Summarizing the results of the Minnesota Indian Education Hearings and the methods used to generate analysis of the transcripts for the State Board of Education and its subcommittee on Indian Education, this document presents tabular and narrative data re: content analysis; statewide findings; findings for each hearing site (Minneapolis, St. Paul, Red Wing, Cass Lake, Duluth, White Earth, and Red Lake); and prioritized recommendations. Analysis methodology is described as involving a master content analysis code structure to identify, for computer analysis, the testifiers, the hearings' board members, staff, type of testimony, and the range of categories. Major categories are identified as: legislation; administration; research; finances; communications; training; curriculum; bilingual/bicultural; post-secondary; and rights and responsibilities. Comparisons and cross-references of these data are presented via charts, graphs, and tables. Statewide findings are presented in a…

Bromfield, Sandra; Kilmurray, James A. (1980). Strategies and Resources for Promoting Equity in Vocational Education. Resources for Schools, # 20. This guide is intended to help teachers, counselors, and other vocational educators to develop programs that increase access to vocational opportunities for females, minorities, disadvantaged, handicapped students, and students with special needs of limited English proficiency in Massachusetts. The guide is divided into four parts. Part 1, Strategies for Promoting Equal Access, consists of program components which can be combined and adapted to meet the needs of individual schools or populations. The strategies address three critical areas: (1) recruitment into vocational programs; (2) reduction of stereotyping within programs; and (3) support services for nontraditional, minority, and handicapped students. Part 2, Programs for Promoting Equal Access, lists programs being conducted in the state which reflect various ways that the strategies for promoting equal access have been combined to serve specific underserved populations. Part 3, Program/Funding Matrix, describes some sources… [PDF]

Strasburg, Georgia L.; Tangri, Sandra S. (1977). Can Research on Women Be More Effective in Shaping Policy?. In order to formulate social policy which is responsive to needs of women and other minority groups, decision makers must be better informed about alternative options, incentives, and unintended as well as intended consequences of various policies. Social scientists can contribute to decision makers' understandings of social factors in numerous ways. They can call attention to policy-relevant questions, provide impact analyses, and conduct evaluation research. Institutional mechanisms for producing the most useful research about women and minorities must be devised through cooperative efforts of government agencies, research organizations, and interest groups. Also, graduate programs in psychology and related social sciences should train students to conceptualize, understand, and investigate public policy issues. Problem areas in which research on women could have a significant impact include community response to physical, aesthetic, and service needs; welfare policies;…

Schoenherr, Charles W. (1977). A Self-Study on the Impact of Federal Programs on the Sterling College Campus. Results of a self-study by Sterling College, Kansas, on the impact of federal programs are discussed. Sterling College, a small college with an enrollment of 500 students, has received 54 percent of its tuition dollars from federal and state programs. Until 1977-78 when $147,000 was received in federal support for program development, only small amounts of federal funds were received. A survey of college officials revealed that in general there is a minimum level of understanding of regulations pertaining to governmental programs. There is uncertainty about whether the college's affirmative action plan is acceptable, whether the due process system will stand up in courts, or whether the college is offering equal opportunity to both sexes in all areas. Demands of federal reports have required time-consuming efforts on the part of the office of student aid and the business office. Title IX regulations have changed priorities in the physical education program. It is concluded that the…

Exum, William H. (1980). \Plus Ca Change…?\: Racism in Higher Education. The meaning, operation, and impact of institutional racism in higher education are examined with attention to both past and present conditions. Institutional racism is examined with reference to several specific issues: barriers to the entry of blacks, as both students and staff, into American higher education; curriculum and academic programs; and treatment and on-campus experiences of blacks once entered. Brief attention is given to facilities, and other differentials between white and black institutions of higher education, as well as the relationship between black communities and white universities. The role of the status allocation functions of colleges and universities, intergroup competition and conflict in the larger society, and on campus, organizational imperatives of the institution, general societal attitudes about race, and attitudes and bigotry are considered. A distinction is made between structural and adaptive reform in attempts to combat institutional racism and…

Berkeley, Heather, Ed.; And Others (1978). Children's Rights: Legal and Educational Issues. Symposium Series/9. In recent years, the issue of children's rights has become a focal point of concern and controversy. This collection of papers focuses on children's rights under Canadian laws and in Canadian schools. Papers providing general overviews include "Children's Rights in the Canadian Context" by Chad Gaffield and W. Gordon West and "A Status Report on Child Advocacy in the United States" by Patrick C. Lee. Papers on legal issues include "New and Old Themes in Canadian Juvenile Justice: The Origins of Delinquency Legislation and the Prospects for Recognition of Children's Rights" by Jeffrey S. Leon, "Unmanageable Children in Ontario: A Legal Review" by Karen Weiler, and "A Critique of the Institutional Response to Juvenile Delinquency in Ontario" by Dennis Conly. Papers dealing with educational issues include "Student Rights in Canada: Nonsense upon Stilts?" by Romulo F. Magsino, "School Discipline and Corporal Punishment: An…

Barkley, Margaret V.; And Others (1975). Clinics for Administrators of Women in Occupational Education. Final Report: 1974-1975. Third in an annual series of State-sponsored inservice clinics for Arizona educators and administrators, the theme of the clinic attracted over 370 participants. Students and parents, as well as professional personnel, attended the two-day sessions. Program format included speeches, panel discussions, and the formation of task force groups to further identify problems of women and minorities and to suggest possible educational solutions to the problems. The presentations emphasized women in the working world, problems of working with low income groups, the role of career education, affirmative action programs, and State legislation. The objectives of the project and their fulfillment were as follows: at the end of the clinics (1) 65% of the participants did possess information about major Federal and State laws concerning employment of women and minority groups, (2) 75% of the participants were able to identify major problem areas which women encounter in becoming educated and/or…

Howe, Harold, II (1968). Picking up the Options. This book contains 23 addresses delivered by Harold Howe, II, during two of his years as United States Commissioner on Education. The speeches contain recurrent theses, but each address is unique in its emphasis and development. Howe's basic theme is the urgent necessity to provide true equality of educational opportunity for all children. Individually and collectively, the speeches furnish new insights into critical issues and invoke increased concern and an effort to approach more nearly our great aspirations for American education. In discussions of school desegregation, the education of disadvantaged children, and the plight of the ghettoes, Howe emphasizes justice and the welfare of the nation. On such subjects as early childhood education, individualized instruction, work experience for adolescents, the education of teachers, the limitations of scholastic aptitude tests, educational technology, and the values of humanistic education, Howe expresses continuing concern for the… [PDF]

Gibson, Margaret A., Ed. (1976). Anthropological Perspectives on Multicultural Education. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, Vol. VII, No. 4, November 1976. A variety of anthropological perspectives on multiculturalism in formal education are provided in five papers and three commentaries. Countering the traditional anthropological view that each society has only one culture, the first paper emphasizes the multicultural nature of all societies. Four divergent approaches to the conceptualization of multicultural education are analyzed in the second paper. An alternative approach is suggested which, unlike the others, does not equate education with formal schooling or view multicultural education as a type of formal educational program. The third paper discusses the concepts of culture, cultural groups, and cultural scenes within school settings and points out the discrepancies between an anthropological conception of culture and the educational policy issues currently arising from multicultural school programs. The fourth paper analyzes the role of multicultural education in equalizing educational opportunity in a culturally pluralistic…

Bowman, Kaye, Ed. (2004). Equity in Vocational Education and Training. Research Readings. National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) Building equity into Australia's vocational education and training (VET) system is a key component of the National Strategy for Vocational Education and Training 2004-2010. This book of readings aims to contribute to this important facet of the national strategic plan. The book reviews the achievements equity groups have made, reports on the issues they face, and discusses how to integrate equity and diversity management models into a framework to achieve a more inclusive VET system. It includes chapters on the five recognised equity groups: (1) women; (2) people from non-English speaking backgrounds; (3) people from rural and remote areas; (4) people with a disability; and (5) Indigenous Australians. Additional chapters consider other possible groups such as, early school leavers, older workers, men, people in correctional services, and people with low literacy skills, and examines the merit of these becoming equity groups. Following an overview by Kaye Bowman, chapters include: (1)… [PDF]

Annexstein, Leslie T.; Bowen, Blannie E.; Esters, Levon T.; Ordover, Eileen L.; Reeve, Edward M.; Scott, Michael L., Ed. (2003). Equity Issues in Career and Technical Education. Information Series. Students in career and technical education programs increasingly represent gender, racial, and cultural diversity. Students with disabilities from a wide range of backgrounds are entering the work force and career and technical education programs. This paper takes a critical look at equity issues in career and technical education. After a brief foreword providing context, the first chapter gives an overview of why career and technical education programs are important for women and girls, with an emphasis on nontraditional education and training along with the barriers faced by female students in career and technical education programs. The second chapter describes a legal framework for developing high-quality, just, and equitable career and technical education systems for individuals with disabilities. A discussion of equity issues involving race and ethnicity comprises the third chapter. Equity issues in career and technical education that face immigrants or those for whom English… [PDF]

Jutting, Johannes: Morrisson, Christian (2005). Changing Social Institutions to Improve the Status of Women in Developing Countries. OECD Development Centre Policy Brief No. 27. OECD Publishing (NJ1) One of the long-standing priorities of the international community is to reduce gender disparity in developing countries. Yet, the overall picture is still gloomy: women continue to be excluded from access to resources and employment and are denied basic human rights. This Policy Brief explains why progress has been so minimal and what should be done about it. Recent Development Centre research (Morrisson and Jutting, 2004, 2005; Morrisson and Friedrich, 2004) has shown the institutional framework as key to understanding the economic role of women in developing countries, yet this framework has not received the attention it deserves. This Policy Brief summarises the lessons from this and other research to answer three questions. First, why are social institutions so important for gender equality? Second, what obstacles impede reforms of discriminatory social institutions, and why is progress so limited? Third, what policy lessons emerge for donors? Feminist studies emphasised the… [PDF] [Direct]

Klonoff, Elizabeth A.; Landrine, Hope (1997). Discrimination against Women: Prevalence, Consequences, Remedies. This book reports two scientific studies of the frequency of discrimination against women and the physical and mental health impacts of discrimination. The preface and introduction contain an overview of the studies, which examined a sample of women selected to represent educational, racial, economic, and age diversity, and a summary of existing scientific evidence of sex discrimination in health care, salaries, and work. The following items are included in part 1 (the first six chapters): rationale for and content of the 20-item Schedule of Sexist Events (SSE) that served as the survey instrument; results of administering the survey to the two samples (which consisted of 631 and 652 women, respectively); physical and psychiatric symptoms experienced by the women; and a theoretical model of how sexist discrimination impacts women's mental and physical health. The following papers constitute part 2 (chapters 7-8: "Coping with Sexist Discrimination: Toward Recovery and…

Sandler, Bernice Resnick, Ed. (1997). About Women on Campus, 1997. About Women on Campus, v6 n1-4. This quarterly newsletter provides information about the programs, issues, and concerns, of women students, faculty, and administrators in higher education. Each of the four issues (comprising one year's worth) has several regularly appearing sections that present brief news summaries and reports covering topics such as working in academe and elsewhere, around the campus, women's studies, women of color, athletics, sexual harassment, sexual assault, resources, World Wide Web resources, and job opportunities. A column on the activities of the American Council of Education's Office of Women in Higher Education also appears in each issue. Some issues also offer a feature article that presents a more detailed discussion of a topic; two such articles appearing in this volume of the newsletter include one that focuses on the origins of the Title IX Education Amendments of 1972, which prohibit sexual discrimination in educational institutions receiving federal money, and another which… [PDF]

Jager, Harry A. (1937). Let Freedom Ring! A Manual. Bulletin, 1937, No. 33. Office of Education, United States Department of the Interior \Let Freedom Ring!\ is a radio program built around the Bill of Rights and the questions that these rights raise. It is the contribution of the United States Department of the Interior, Office of Education, to the Sesquicentennial Celebration ordained by Congress. The series began on Washington's Birthday, Sunday, February 22, 1937, and continued for 12 Monday nights in half-hour programs from coast to coast over 50 stations of the Columbia Broadcasting System. All the experience of the Office of Education with radio, and the services of the Columbia System went with it. Our rights under the Constitution were divided into 13 units. Each was made the theme of a broadcast, with a script that tried to carry to its listeners the accuracy of history, the sweep of centuries, and the thrill of stirring drama. The \Let Freedom Ring!\ series offers us a new opportunity to aid in the teaching of true democracy, freedom, and the art of living together under the law, and of making… [PDF]

Hilliard, Asa G. (1988). Conceptual Confusion and the Persistence of Group Oppression through Education. Equity and Excellence, v24 n1 p36-43 Fall. Discusses the overlooked problems of privilege and oppression inherent in the American educational system. Argues that a national political commitment to a truly democratic society is required before inequity can be eliminated in education and all social institutions. (FMW)…

Winchester, N. Brian (1990). Will Democracy Come to South Africa?. Update on Law-Related Education, v14 n3 p23-27 Fall. Discusses prospects for democracy in South Africa. Explores the complexities and contradictions endemic to the process of overcoming 300 years of racist laws and practices. Considers the risks of concessions for both Black and White leaders; problems resulting from enduring political and economic inequalities; and constitutional alternatives. Argues democratic developments in South Africa will be incremental. (NL)…