Mertz, Gayle (1995). Diversity and the Law. Lawyers in the Classroom Series. Providing legal perspectives on multiculturalism, this curriculum guide assists lawyers making classroom presentations and teachers at all levels. This booklet contains lesson plans and ancillary materials on the topic of "Diversity and the Law," for three different levels of students: elementary grades 4-6 (Level A), middle school grades 6-8 (Level B), and high school grades 9-12 (Level C). The level is identified near the page number. Additionally, each grade level contains pages for the lawyer (marked by the scales of justice), the teacher (an apple), and the student (a pencil). At the beginning of each level a chart of materials is provided, along with photocopying instructions. Overhead transparencies can be made of the main activity pages (marked by all three icons). The elementary school curriculum provides students with a working knowledge of the concepts of majority and minority status and the application of this knowledge to legal issues. Students learn that… [PDF]

Sandoz, Charles J. (1993). OSHA and ADA: "Reasonable Accommodation" in Training Persons with Developmental Disabilities. This paper documents an approach to meeting the training requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and the "reasonable accommodation" requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) for individuals with developmental disabilities. It describes a training program used with three adult workers with mild mental retardation which utilized icons to teach recognition of: (1) protective equipment; (2) hazards; (3) emergency response equipment; (4) the National Fire Protection Association labeling system; (5) target organs (dangers with acute or chronic effects on specific body organs); and (6) routes of entry (such as ingestation or inhalation). Subjects were given four weekly training sessions. Significant differences were found between baseline and post training scores with substantial maintenance on retesting 2 months after the training. Results have implications for training which increases employment opportunities for people with developmental… [PDF]

Sharp, Linda A. (1991). Sports. This chapter includes all cases, at either the K-12 or higher education level, that deal with student-athletes, coaches, athletic directors, athletic associations, and booster organizations. However, no case law is discussed that pertains to physical education instruction. The cases are discussed in the following sections: (1) eligibility; (2) equality of programs; (3) tort, including assault, defamation, and negligence; (4) employment, including contract disputes, discrimination, and workers' compensation; and (5) miscellaneous. (MLF)…

Hawkins, Robert B., Jr. (1982). Educational Opportunity, Parental Choice and Community: The Case for Reforming Public Education. Sequoia Advisories, Nov. For the last 10 years, polling data have recorded a consistent decline in the American citizen's support for public education. While public schools experienced an 8 percent decline in enrollment between 1968 and 1978, private school enrollment grew by 12 percent. The decline in quality of public education over the last 50 years appears strongly related to increasing pressures toward centralization and a steady increase in government control. Centralization and state control have resulted in withdrawn parental authority and decreased public school diversity. Public school improvement now depends on the creation of policy options for competitive public school systems that would restore the full participation of individual citizens to educational policy-making. Such participation does not necessarily mean a decentralized system, but one based on foundations of choice, opportunity, and community. These moral principles would be served at the state level by guaranteeing, for example, the…

(1977). Annotated Bibliography of Multi-Ethnic Curriculum Materials, Fifth Supplement. The document presents annotations of multiethnic curriculum materials collected in 1977 since publication of the previous supplement. Topics included in the bibliography are behavior problems in the multi-ethnic classroom, attitudes of minority group members, language problems of non-English speaking students, folklore of various ethnic groups, history and significance of the women's movement, legislation relating to equal educational opportunity, American cultural heritage, immigration, and cross-cultural communication. Materials are listed alphabetically in five categories: books, films, filmstrips, recordings, and booklets. For each entry, the following information is presented: name of author, editor or compiler; publisher; purchase price; abstract of the material; and suggested grade level. Also provided for each entry is a source reference number which corresponds with a numbered list of names and addresses of sources where materials may be purchased. The list of sources is…

(1980). Employment Goals of the World Plan of Action: Developments and Issues in the United States. Report for the World Conference on the United Nations Decade for Women, 1976-1985. This report focuses on economic, social, and legal development affecting women's employment in the United States during the first half of the United Nations Decade for Women. The first section reports on the economic roles of women in the U.S. as their participation in the labor force reached historically high levels during the last half of the 1970s. The employment status is detailed for such selected subgroups of the women's labor force as working mothers and wives, women who maintain families, Hispanic women, and Black women. Segregation is also addressed. Section 2 presents an analysis of policy developments and issues relevant to the World Plan of Action. It discusses measures and programs to reduce discrimination in employment as well as policies affecting the opportunities and economic regards for women who have changing and multiple roles. The final section highlights the initiatives of voluntary, nongovernmental organizations. Examples include training and employment… [PDF]

Knott, A. E.; And Others (1977). Australian Schools and the Law: Principal, Teacher and Student. This handbook on Australian school law is meant for practicing teachers, principals and other educators, parents, teacher training institutions, and lawyers in that country. It explains the basic principles underlying a large number of legal problems facing Australian teachers and offers practical guidance in dealing with them. Among the problems covered in its 10 chapters are the origins and present trends of school law; teacher protection against student allegations; student misconduct and assaults; corporal punishment and detention; student accidents and safety on the way to or from as well as in school; student attendance; parental access to and custody conflicts over students; confidentiality of schools' records and counseling activities; copyright laws regarding class materials; students' property rights; homework assignments; out-of-school harassment of teachers; and the legal rights of parents. (RW)…

Horowitz, Irving Louis (1977). National Policy Makers: New Directions in the Social Scientific Study of Policies Effecting Equity and Justice. The document examines social science influence in the policy-making process through interviews with proponents of various major positions in the policy arena. A wide variety of responses is presented in order to more clearly assess needs of a changing society, investigate how social science education might be changed to reflect those needs, record the most pressing concerns in policy making studies, and provide a collective portrait of how social scientists view their role and performance in government. Twelve social scientists, who have experience working in U.S. government, discuss political allegiance of social scientists; ways of achieving equity, justice, and democracy; problems of policy implementation; rates and specific methods by which general goals should be reached; and methodological contributions of social scientists to policy formation. Among the specific topics dealt with are policies made during the \Great Society\ and the adjustments and changes wrought by these…

Bayes, Bonnie, Ed.; Lines, Patricia, Ed. (1977). The People Power Papers: A New Birth of Freedom. The six papers which comprise this document are the result of a year-long \New Birth of Freedom\ program in Seattle. The sponsoring organization was a broadly-based group called the People Power Coalition, comprised of civic organizations, churches, research institutes, and media outlets. The program examined the Declaration of Independence in light of contemporary challenges. \Freedom of Speech and Religion\ presents results of a questionnaire to determine the value persons place on the first amendment rights. \Freedom of Equality\ examines problems stemming from the pursuit of equal opportunity, particularly reverse discrimination. \Freedom and Learning\ discusses problems facing public education: subject matter, community responsibility, student and teacher rights, and finances. \Freedom at the Grassroots\ reviews recent political activity in Seattle. Questions concerning community role, extending grassroots democracy, restructuring government, and developing new resources are…

(1979). Fact Sheets from the ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children: 1979 Series. A series of 20 fact sheets is provided giving basic information on specific subjects of interest to those working with handicapped and gifted children. The fact sheets, developed by the ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children during fiscal year 1979, are designed in question/answer format and have resource references. Following are the topics of the fact sheets: career education, how a parent group can effect legislation for the gifted and talented, the special education job market, federal resources for special education, assessment of minority students, cultural values and motivation, educational rights of American Indian and Alaska native handicapped children, special problems of handicapped minority students, multicultural education and the exceptional child, self identity and the culturally diverse child, affirmative action for the handicapped, reaching handicapped children in their early years, the argument for early…

Dadzie, Stella, Comp. (1998). Equality Assurance: Self-Assessment for Equal Opportunities in Further Education. This manual is intended as a tool kit for further education (FE) colleges to use to develop their own approaches to equal opportunities policy development and implementation. The following topics are discussed in the eight sections: the manual's development; the case for equality; things an equal opportunities policy should cover; strategic and operational planning and the measurement of achievement; the self-assessment process; sector standards, key questions, and sources of indicative evidence (the FE college and its mission; teaching and learning; students' achievements; curriculum content, organization, and management; support for students; staffing and specialist equipment and cross-college and general provision; quality assurance; management; governance); and legal framework (relevant provisions of acts regarding sex, racial, and disability discrimination; legislative and nonlegislative equal opportunities considerations; case law). Appended are the following: practical… [PDF]

May, Stephen, Ed. (1999). Indigenous Community-Based Education. After a long history as a tool of forced assimilation of indigenous populations, education is now a key arena in which indigenous peoples can reclaim and revalue their languages and cultures and thereby improve the academic success of indigenous students. Community-based education offers a means by which indigenous peoples can regain a measure of direct control of the educational process. This book presents a multinational perspective on indigenous community-based educational initiatives. Following an introduction by Stephen May, the chapters are: (1) "Community-Based Education for Indigenous Cultures" (David Corson); (2) "Indigenous Education and the Ecology of Community" (Mark Fettes); (3) "Language and Education Rights for Indigenous Peoples" (Stephen May); (4) "Emancipatory Maori Education: Speaking from the Heart" (Arohia Durie); (5) "Indigenous Community-Based Language Education in the USA" (Teresa L. McCarty, Lucille J….

Bohmer, Susanne; Briggs, Joyce L. (1991). Teaching Privileged Students about Gender, Race, and Class Oppression. Teaching Sociology, v19 n2 p154-63 Apr. Uses the concept of oppression to teach about gender, race, and class in an introductory social psychology course. Discusses the intersections between them and suggests how issues about oppression can be integrated into the classroom. Directs course toward White, middle-class students who lack a comprehension of societal oppression. (Author/NL)…

Benton, Jean E., Ed.; Swami, Piyush, Ed. (2007). Creating Cultures of Peace: Pedagogical Thought and Practice. Selected Papers from the 10th Triennial World Conference (September 10-15, 2001, Madrid, Spain). World Council for Curriculum and Instruction The 10th Triennial World Conference of the World Council for Curriculum and Instruction (WCCI) was held September 10-15, 2001 in Madrid, Spain. The theme of the conference was "Cultures of Peace." Thirty-four papers and presentations are divided into nine sections. Part I, Tributes to the Founders of WCCI, includes: (1) Tribute to Alice Miel (Louise Berman); and (2) Tribute to Maxine Dunfee (Norman Overly). Part II, Promoting Dialogue about Cultures of Peace, includes: (3) Counting All, Ignoring None: Problems and Promises for a Culture of Peace (Piyush Swami); and (4) Quality Education: Educational Personalization and Social Pertinence (Ramon Perez Juste). Part III, Reflecting on the Values, Attitudes, and Behaviors that Inspire Peaceful Social Interaction and Sharing, includes: (5) Pedagogy of the Spirit: Creating Pathways to Peace (Diane Lee); (6) Knowledge and Curriculum: Diversity and Stability (Jagdish Gundara); (7) Sources of Values and Their Influence on Teachers'… [Direct]

David, Anna, Ed. (1987). Navajos: A Source Booklet for Teachers and Students. As part of the National Education Association (NEA) Mastery in Learning Project, faculty and students of the Greasewood/Toyei Consolidated Boarding School developed a booklet of Navajo students' work. The purpose of the booklet is to promote better understanding of the Navajo culture. Navajo culture emphasizes respect for the earth, reverence of nature, and high regard for the elderly. The booklet describes Dine' Bizaad, the oral Navajo language and gives phonetic representations of various Navajo words. Poetry, stories, and drawings portray ceremonies, legends, beliefs, and traditions. Sections on weaving, pottery, sand painting, and toy making include lists of materials and procedures necessary to complete activities in the classroom. The final section contains recipes for traditional Navajo foods. (KS)…

Hatch, Virginia; And Others (1992). Human Rights for Children: A Curriculum for Teaching Human Rights to Children Ages 3-12. Created to heighten teachers' awareness of human rights issues, particularly those related to children's rights, this guide offers children knowledge and skills in developing both self-worth and empathy for others. These feelings, the curriculum argues, are the foundation children need if they are to understand their rights as children and the basic rights of all human beings. The Ten Principles from The Declaration of the Rights of the Child, proclaimed by the United Nations in 1959, provide the nucleus for the manual. The Ten Principles express many familiar concepts, including self-esteem, multiculturalism, and child abuse. Considering these issues in the context of a comprehensive statement of children's rights adds weight and focus to them. The manual contains curricular activities and booklists to help teachers further children's understanding of their rights. The activities are divided into three age groups. "The Young Child" is for children ages 3-5. "The…

Talburt, Susan (1996). Identity Politics, Institutional Response, and Cultural Negotiation: Meanings of a Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual Office on Campus. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper. This study examined the social and political climate surrounding the opening of a controversial gay/lesbian/bisexual support office at an anonymous midwestern public research university. In addition to analyses of university mission statements, plans, and policies, other "diversity" literature, and campus and local newspapers, fieldwork included twenty interviews with faculty, staff, and students on campus. The study explored the university's view of itself as a liberal island in the midst of a conservative environment. It identified tensions that exist when the stated policy of diversity is not matched by diversity in practice and the inherent contradictions when discourse takes place in an "environment of disacknowledgment." It analyzed some of the rhetoric used in support of and against the establishment of the proposal. It is concluded that significant insights into academic and social change can be gained by paying attention to how the practices of identity… [PDF]

Hegarty, Seamus (1990). The Education of Children and Young People with Disabilities: Principles and Practice. This report examines the educational needs of and services provided to children with disabilities in developing nations and identifies key strategies for developing educational provisions for this population. It stresses that integrated education and community-based rehabilitation are two approaches which can provide cost-effective and meaningful education and training for disabled persons. The need is established in tables providing data on number of special educational enrollments in 13 African countries and number of pupils enrolled in special education as a percentage of school-age population. Three basic principles or rights are stated: the right to education, the right to equality of opportunity, and the right to participate in society. Strategies to improve the provision of special education are then outlined for the following areas: legislation, administrative support, educational provision, early childhood education, preparation for adult life, parental involvement,…

Borucki, William, Comp. (1993). Libraries and the Physically Disabled: An Updated Guide to Information and Their Sources. This guide is intended to provide sources of information to help libraries comply with requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). First, sources for texts of the relevant laws and regulations are listed. Print resources about various disability-related topics are then listed under the following categories: general (45), the ADA (7), administration (8), aims and objectives (5), barrier free design (7), bibliography (21), collection development (7), collection development–handicapped children (10), computerized databases (5), directories (25), employment organizations (2), equipment and supplies (18), film/video (12), handicapped children (26), handicapped in literature (4), independent living (5), information centers (15), mentally handicapped (2), newsletters (39), organizations (24), periodicals (53), recreation (5), sexuality (8), standards (7), statistics (1), teaching (2), time and cost studies (1), travel (6), Australia (3), Canada (3), developing countries… [PDF]

Carr, Edward G., Jr.; Edwards, Wanda Rushing (1983). Learning the Law: Law Education for Young North Carolinians. Arranged in five chapters, this supplementary resource for junior high students contains information on the history, practical applications, and social consequences of the law. In chapter 1, students are introduced to the origin of laws through examination of a fable, the relationship between government and laws, types of laws, and law enforcement. Chapter 2 explores the relationship between legislation and social change. The following aspects of the court system are described in chapter 3: appellate courts, superior courts, juries, court officials, juvenile justice, various types of abused or problem children, the rights of juveniles, and juvenile corrections facilities. Chapter 4 outlines various types of crime and considers sentencing procedures and prison facilities. The final chapter familiarizes students with their rights as employees, students, property owners, married couples, or expectant parents. The responsibilities of decisionmaking are also discussed. Illustrated with…

Monfort, Franklin; Orfield, Gary (1988). Racial Change & Desegregation in Large School Districts: Trends through the 1986-1987 School Year. Dramatic changes in the size and racial composition of the nation's largest urban school districts are indicators of an increasingly multiracial and highly segregated society. Data were analyzed from the 1986-87 and 1984-85 Department of Education computer tapes containing the enrollments by race of 36,000 schools from 3,400 districts nationwide. All districts that had more than 19,000 students and at least 50 students of any minority group enrolled were examined. Major declines in overall White enrollments have occurred, reflecting changes in the national birthrate. A number of the largest districts have experienced particularly acute White declines. Contrary to earlier expectations, White districts losing White enrollment have seldom become virtually all Black. Most are becoming more multiracial, showing heavy increases in Hispanic and Asian enrollments. These changes do not appear to be linked to any particular type of school desegregation plan or neighborhood schools approach….

Tarrow, Norma Bernstein, Ed. (1987). Human Rights and Education. Comparative & International Education Series, Volume 3. This book discusses the relationship between human rights and education. Education is discussed both within the context of human rights, and as the ultimate sanction and guarantee of all human rights. Part 1, "Education as a Human Right," is comprised of the following chapters: (1) "Human Rights and Education: An Overview" (D. R. Ray; N. B. Tarrow); (2) "Rights of Access and Equal Opportunity: Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa" (W. M. Rideout, Jr.); (3) "The Right to Education Free from Discrimination: The Case of India and Saudi Arabia" (R. Ghosh and A. Attieh); (4) "Exceptional Abilities and Educational Rights: Concern for the Handicapped and Gifted in Britain, China and Indonesia" (R. M. Thomas); (5) "The Right to Literacy" (L. J. Limage); (6) "The Right to Education for Multicultural Development: Canada and Israel" (V. L. Masemann; Y. Iram); (7) "The Right to Education for Employment and Mobility: Norway and…

Krieter, Nancy; Piercy, Day (1982). Women at Work: The Myth of Equal Opportunity. The advances women have made in the past decade have created the myth that women have achieved equal opportunity in the job market. In reality, the opposite is true. The current economic status of women demonstrates the need for strict enforcement of equal opportunity laws. Department of Labor data indicate that the wage gap between men and women is not narrowing. Despite popular concepts to the contrary, most women are not working to earn extras. Furthermore, men and women doing the same type of work do not earn the same pay. Also many believe the myths that women now have access to all types of jobs, earn less because they do not stay in the job market, and lack the education needed to get ahead. Analysis of Department of Labor statistics also reveals that minority women are still the victims of double discrimination. Finally, examination of current unemployment patterns proves that the large influx of women into the labor force is not responsible for high unemployment. Rather,…

McCreath, Peter L., Ed. (1981). Multiculturalism: A Handbook for Teachers. This handbook was prepared from presentations made at an inservice workshop for teachers in Nova Scotia, Canada on multicultural education. In an introductory article, Paul Robinson describes his personal experiences in trying to prepare a multicultural curriculum, and the participation of members of Canadian ethnic communities in that activity. In the succeeding essays, Gil Scott explores the historical development of Canadian multiculturalism and multicultural policy; James Morrison examines the multiethnic composition of Atlantic Canada and Nova Scotia as a result of immigration; P.A. Johnstone examines educational implications of multiculturalism and educational approaches used in Nova Scotia; Gerald Boudreau identifies teacher characteristics and policy needs essential to effective multicultural education; Judith Gold outlines family, community, and socioeconomic factors that affect students and their learning; Van Roy Tobitt discusses the prerequisites of effective teaching…

Bielsky, Donald J.; Lufler, Henry S., Jr. (1981). Pupils. Litigation having to do with pupils occurred with greater frequency in 1980 than in the past. The greatest increase dealt with the handicapped and with substantive rights of students. Cases involving handicapped students generally focused on parent requests for residential treatment, extended-year programs, and in-class assistance for their children. The defending school systems argued the adequacy of less costly alternatives to the parent requests. Although several cases reached the federal appeals level, substantial disagreement still exists concerning the definition of \appropriate\ placement and treatment. In the substantive rights area, courts are increasingly being asked to rule on the propriety of materials printed in student publications and contained in school libraries. In addition, cases involving religious matters increased as fundamentalist groups and persons opposing those groups resorted to the courts. In the desegregation area, the courts have continued the policy of…

Biggs, Thomas S., Jr. (1980). Employees. In 1979 judicial activity continued to add to the body of law available relative to relationships between universities and colleges and their employees. Cases touched on the nature of the contract when an offer of employment has been made and accepted, benefits and working conditions, and termination and the procedural safeguards involved. Decisions in matters of sex discrimination in employment and in retirement programs were particularly significant. The Seventh Circuit's opinion in \Davis v. Weidner\ suggests specific ways of injecting a more reasonable degree of judicial scrutiny into university decision-making than has traditionally been the case. (Author/PGD)…

(1967). MILD MENTAL RETARDATION–A GROWING CHALLENGE TO THE PHYSICIAN. INTENDED FOR PHYSICIANS, THIS DOCUMENT DESCRIBES THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM OF MILD MENTAL RETARDATION, AND PRESENTS GUIDELINES FOR MEDICAL CARE AND COUNSELING OF MILDLY RETARDED CHILDREN AND THEIR FAMILIES. TWO GROUPS OF SUCH CHILDREN (BASED ON HIGH OR LOW SOCIOCULTURAL LEVEL) ARE EXAMINED AND CHARACTERIZED. THE TWO GROUPS ARE DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS, INFANCY AND PRESCHOOL YEARS, ELEMENTARY SCHOOL YEARS, ADOLESCENCE AND ADULTHOOD, AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY. ETIOLOGY AND PREVENTION ARE CONSIDERED FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF ORGANIC, SOCIOCULTURAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS, AND OF PREVENTION. THE PHYSICIAN'S ROLE IN TREATMENT AND THE LAW REGARDING THE RIGHTS OF THE MENTALLY RETARDED ARE ALSO DESCRIBED. A LIST OF 13 SUGGESTED READINGS IS PROVIDED. THIS DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE FROM THE PUBLICATIONS OFFICE, GROUP FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, 104 EAST 25TH STREET, NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10010, FOR $1.00. (SB)…

Mazzenga, Maria, Ed.; McCullough, Julie, Ed. (2003). Our Documents: A National Initiative on American History, Civics, and Service. Teacher Sourcebook, Volume II. National Archives and Records Administration What do Matthew Brady, Carrie Chapman Catt, Ansel Adams, Orson Welles, and J. Howard Miller have to do with the 100 milestone documents? A few hints: Matthew Brady created the first photographic documentation of a war. Carrie Chapman Catt was the president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1920. Orson Welles produced plays for the Federal Theater Project, a program of the Works Progress Administration established during the Depression to relieve unemployment among artists and writers. J. Howard Miller created some of the most memorable posters designed to rally the public for war in the 1940s, including the easily recognizable "Rosie the Riveter" poster calling women to work in the nation's factories as men left for battle overseas. These individuals have left what everyone might view as the "supporting record" of the 100 milestone documents. These supporting materials are the focus of the lessons and activities contained within this volume of… [PDF]

Riddell, Sheila, Ed.; Salisbury, Jane, Ed. (2000). Gender, Policy and Educational Change: Shifting Agendas in the UK and Europe. This book contains 16 papers in four parts. After an introduction, "Educational Reforms and Equal Educational Opportunities Programmes" (Sheila Riddell and Jane Salisbury), Part 1, "Gender and Educational Reforms: The U.K. and European Context," includes: (1) "Gender Equality and Schooling, Education Policy-Making and Feminist Research in England and Wales in the 1990s" (Miriam David, Gaby Weiner, and Madeline Arnot); (2) "Equal Opportunities and Educational Reform in Scotland: The Limits of Liberalism" (Sheila Riddell); (3) "Beyond One Border: Educational Reforms and Gender Equality in Welsh Schools" (Jane Salisbury); (4) "Gender, Educational Reform and Equality in Northern Ireland" (Anthony M. Gallagher, Robert J. Cormack, and Robert D. Osborne); and (5) "Mainstreaming European'Equal Opportunities': Marginalising U.K. Training for Women" (Jacky Brine). Part 2, "Structures and Processes in Schools and…

Jutting, Johannes; Morrisson, Christian (2004). The Impact of Social Institutions on the Economic Role of Women in Developing Countries. OECD Development Centre Working Paper No. 234. OECD Publishing (NJ1) Donor agencies and policy makers tend to agree that increased access of women to education, health, credit, formal legal rights and employment opportunities, in conjunction with economic growth, will substantially improve the socio-economic role of women in developing countries. This paper challenges that view. It argues that these measures might not be sufficient if the institutional framework within a country constrains women from participating in economic activities. It finds that social institutions — laws, norms, traditions and codes of conduct — constitute the most important single factor determining women's freedom of choice in economic activities. They have not only a direct impact on the economic role of women but also an indirect one through women's access to resources like education and health care. The findings suggest that an institutional framework that disadvantages half of the adult population hinders development. To address gender inequalities effectively, policy… [PDF] [Direct]