van Tilburg, Rian; van Wel, Frits (1998). "Away with Prejudice": An Anti-Discrimination Campaign among Municipal Officials in the Netherlands. Public Relations Review, v24 n1 p99-109 Spr. Reports on a study into the scope of an anti-discrimination campaign among Dutch municipal officials in a large city. Notes that a questionnaire was completed by 698 people, asking whether there were any high-risk groups of officials who held intolerant, ethnocentric prejudices. Appears that the lowest-salaried men agreed with ethnocentric statements. (PA)…

(1996). Effective Respect for the Rights and Dignity of Migrants: New Needs and Responses. Migration World Magazine, v24 n3 p24-27. Contains the considerations and recommendations for action of the Ferney Round Table, held in February 1996, concerning the fundamental rights and dignity of migrants. Discussions include the root causes of migration; global migration strategy; legal standards and their implementation; regional migration dynamics; and the need for greater cooperation among governments, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations to address the protection of migrant rights. (GR)…

Long, Lisa A. (2002). A Relative Pain: The Rape of History in Octavia Butler's "Kindred" and Phyllis Alesia Perry's "Stigmata.". College English, v64 n4 p459-83 Mar. Discusses two recent novels that employ techniques more familiar to science fiction than to historical fiction to probe questions of history and authenticity. Considers how these novels expose the way that those who attempt to bear witness to the history of slavery are ostracized, pathologized, and even institutionalized. (SG)…

Losen, Daniel J. (2002). Minority Overrepresentation and Underservicing in Special Education. Principal, v81 n3 p45-46 Jan. Suggests that racial discrimination contributes to the overrepresentation of minority students in special education. Offers several practical suggestions that principals can use to identify discrimination and reduce minority overrepresentation in special education. (PKP)…

Christie, Pam (2005). Towards an Ethics of Engagement in Education in Global Times. Australian Journal of Education, v49 n3 p238-250 Nov. Starting from the observation that patterns of educational inequality are widely known but largely invisible in public debates on education, this article argues for the importance of an ethics of education which challenges simple acceptance of \things as they are\. It suggests possibilities for working with discourses of ethics, rights and citizenship in contingent and strategic ways, and argues for the importance of engaging ethically across difference in current global times. It proposes three interrelated dimensions for an ethics of engagement in education: an ethics of commitment to intellectual rigour; an ethics of civility; and an inter-human ethics of care…. [Direct]

Resnick, David (2004). A Case Study in Jewish Moral Education: (Non-)Rape of the Beautiful Captive. Journal of Moral Education, v33 n3 p307-319 Sep. The challenge of teaching classic religious texts with flawed moral messages from a contemporary point of view is examined in the case of the Beautiful Captive of War (Deuteronomy 21:10-14). A moral dilemma is generated by contradictory ethical stands within the Jewish tradition, between which students have to choose. This dilemma is explored in the context of a kind of religious education which strives for critical commitment to sacred tradition . That kind of education is analysed for its roots in self-persuasion, moral agency in complex social settings and an educational philosophy based on norms and conscience. Other issues explored are sexual education, international human rights, the relationship of abstract moral vignettes to real-life situations and behaviour and the relationship of religious to moral education…. [Direct]

Carson, Homer S., III (2005). Penal Reform and Construction of the Western North Carolina Railroad 1875-1892. Journal of Appalachian Studies, v11 n1-2 p205-225 Spr-Fall. On March 13, 1879, the "Salisbury Carolina Watchman" noted that the longest and most difficult tunnel in the struggle to lay a railroad line across the Blue Ridge Mountains has been opened. Convicts from North Carolina's new penitentiary built this transportation system and solved the state's need for a cheap labor force as well as the prison's need for employment for their large idle force of inmates. During 1875-1892, of the 7,852 people entering the new penitentiary system, 3,644 were sent to the Western North Carolina Railroad. According to official records, 461 died from all causes (North Carolina Penitentiary 1874; N.C. Penitentiary 1876-92). Most of these individuals were black. In this article, the author presents a chronology of the construction of North Carolina Railroad from 1875 to 1892. A chronology of the state's convict labor system reform during the same period is also presented. The author also provides his views on how historians depicted the abusive… [Direct]

Chitty, Clyde (2004). The Illusion of Choice. FORUM: for promoting 3-19 comprehensive education, v46 n3 p106-109. Both New Labour and the Conservatives are keen to emphasise choice and diversity in crucial areas of public provision–and particularly with regard to education and health. In this article, "FORUM" co-Editor Clyde Chitty concentrates on recent proposals by the two main parties for promoting greater choice in secondary schooling in England. This article analyzes the attitudes towards choice in education presented in two recently-published and widely reported political documents: "Right To Choose", by the Conservative Party and "A Five Year Strategy for Children and Learners", published by the Department for Education and Skills…. [Direct]

Gonzalez-Gaudiano, Edgar (2005). The Decade of Education for Sustainable Development: Challenges and Opportunities in Mexico. Applied Environmental Education and Communication, v4 n3 p273-275. The international implementation plan for the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD) identifies four elements for the achievement of sustainable development through education: (1) recognising the challenge; (2) collective responsibility and constructive society; (3) acting with determination; and (4) the indivisibility of human dignity. These four structural elements make reference to desirable principles of basic education, the realignment of current educational programmes, the raising of public awareness, understanding the meaning of sustainability, and training. The principles in turn refer to objectives that define the goals and areas of action that it is hoped will be dealt with during the Decade, including eradication of poverty; gender equality; promotion of health; environmental conservation and protection; rural transformation; human rights; sustainable production and consumption; and information and communications technologies. This article explores the… [Direct]

Potter, Lee Ann (2005). Documents and Civic Duties. Social Education, v69 n7 p385 Nov-Dec. All of the documents featured in this article come from the holdings of the National Archives and Records Administration. Primary source documents illustrate what is meant by responsible citizenship. The people who create documents as well as those who are featured in them can serve as models of civic behavior–both appropriate and inappropriate–whether they are performing a civic duty or, more specifically, exercising civic responsibility. The documents themselves can serve as tools for starting class discussions, encouraging research, prompting writing activities, and more. Civic duties and responsibilities are numerous. They include voting, serving on a jury, signing a petition, writing to a government official, paying one's taxes, being knowledgeable about current events, registering for the draft, serving in the military, being a law-abiding citizen, volunteering, addressing issues that affect the larger society, contributing to the common good, protesting injustice, passing on…

Wee, Lionel (2005). Intra-Language Discrimination and Linguistic Human Rights: The Case of Singlish. Applied Linguistics, v26 n1 p48-69. Although studies involving linguistic human rights (LHRs) have focused at length on cases of inter-language discrimination, much less attention has been given to intra-language discrimination (Blommaert 2001a; Skutnabb-Kangas et al. 2001). This paper highlights a number of theoretical issues that the LHRs framework needs to deal with once intra-language discrimination is seriously considered. It does this by analysing the case of English in Singapore, and in particular, debates surrounding the colloquial variety of Singapore English (known as Singlish). Supporters of Singlish are concerned with negotiating a space for the variety, especially in response to the Singapore government's Speak Good English Movement, which seems intent on eliminating Singlish. The implications of the Singlish case raise some very fundamental questions about LHRs, such as whether LHRs can be coherently attributed to groups (rather than just individuals), and whether LHRs can, in fact, be waived. The latter…

McLaughlin, Danielle (2005). Cultivating Habits of Democracy: Asking the Hard Questions. Education Canada, v45 n1 p33-35 Win. This article discusses the Canadian Civil Liberties Education Trust (CCLET). For many years, the CCLET has been in the business of working with teachers, teacher-candidates, students in grade two through university, and even with those in law schools, to engage them in making choices about controversial issues. CCLET proposes a structural approach for dealing with the difficult controversies that come into classrooms every day. A structure for asking questions does two things. It encourages the students to work through difficult choices, each in his or her own way–and it provides teachers with the protection they may need when dealing with controversial issues. Teachers can use this technique to make sure that all sides of an issue are represented, without needing to reveal–indeed, without revealing or promoting–any personal preference. In this article, the author presents an example of a recent CCLET classroom discussion…. [Direct]

May, Stephen (2003). Rearticulating the Case for Minority Language Rights. Current Issues in Language Planning, v4 n2 p95-125 Apr. While advocacy of minority language rights (MLR) has become well established in sociolinguistics, language policy and planning and the wider human rights literature, it has also come under increased criticism in recent times for a number of key limitations. In this paper, I address directly three current key criticisms of the MLR movement. The first is a perceived tendency towards \essentialism\ in articulations of language rights. The second is the apparent \utopianism\ and \artificiality\ of \reversing language shift\ in the face of wider social and political \realities\. And the third is that the individual \mobility\ of minority-language speakers is far better served by shifting to a majority language. While acknowledging the perspicacity of some of these arguments, I aim to rearticulate a defence of minority language rights that effectively addresses these key concerns. This requires, however, a sociohistorical/sociopolitical rather than a biological/ecological analysis of MLR…. [Direct]

McKenna, Margaret A. (2004). Profiles in Caution: If College Presidents Don't Ask Questions about War and Civil Liberties, Who Will?. Connection: The Journal of the New England Board of Higher Education, v19 n2 p15 Fall. The college campus is the natural place for open, lively debate on the important issues of the day. Robust public discourse is elemental to what higher education is all about. But what is the role of college presidents in that debate? Is it limited to merely ensuring an environment in which diverse points of view are welcomed and expressed? In this article, the author discusses the role of college presidents on critical public issues. She believes that part of the college president's role is taking a stand and speaking out. She thinks that every campus leader, by virtue of his or her position, has the capacity to influence graduates to take away the values they learned, through words and deeds, and lead their lives as productive citizens…. [PDF]

Lascarides, V. Celia (1991). United States Contributions to Children's Rights: An Overview of the 20th Century. This paper reviews the contributions of the United States to the promotion of children's rights. In the 19th century, the United States created public schools to supplement family education. Societies to protect children were also established. Early in the 20th century, the government began a series of White House Conferences on Children and Youth, which resulted in the creation of the Children's Bureau in 1912 and the promulgation of the Children's Charter in 1930. In the 1930s, the Emergency Nursery Schools program and the Social Security Act improved the lives of children. After World War II, a series of Supreme Court decisions reversed the practice of "separate but equal" racial facilities and implemented school racial integration and busing. Since World War II, legislation concerning children has included: (1) the National School Lunch Act; (2) the Maternal, Child Health and Mental Retardation Act; (3) Project Head Start; (4) laws to strengthen education for… [PDF]

Harris, J. John, III; And Others (1983). A Legal and Historical Perspective on Suspension and Its Effect on Inequality in Education. Of the 2 million children suspended from school each year, a disproportionate number are minority youth who, although they make up only 5 percent of the school population, comprise 40 percent of all suspensions and expulsions. The United States Supreme Court has issued several rulings to protect students from arbitrary and capricious imposition of penalties without due process of law. In its landmark ruling in \Goss v Lopez\ (1975) the Court recognized students' rights to notification of charges against them; a hearing; and remaining in school until notification and a hearing, unless their presence was an immediate danger to life or property or was disrupting the educational process. Since then, however, the Court has moved to limit the scope of the Goss decision by creating an academic/disciplinary delineation and by refusing to assume the discretionary powers of school officials. The prospect of the Court providing further leadership to the lower courts at the present time seems…

Rebell, Michael A. (1975). Legal Rights and Remedies of High School Dropouts and Potential Dropouts. Urban Disadvantaged Series, No. 44. This paper on the legal rights and remedies of high school dropouts and potential dropouts is a study of the plight of the substantial number of students who drop out of the New York public school system before considering high school graduation. Further, it questions the availability of legal rights to students and parents. Three sections constitute the document: (1) an introduction discussing the nature and magnitude of the problems; (2) an analysis of the manner in which the Board of Education violates New York State laws by failing to provide adequate staff for attendance services, employment certificate procedures, auxiliary schools or dropout referral programs, and suspension and exemption procedures; and (3) an examination of the constitutional right to a suitable education for all educationally deprived students. The latter section is analyzed in terms of a number of recent legal cases concerning handicapped children, non-English speaking students, and State institution… [PDF]

Haberman, Martin (1972). Students' Rights: A Guide to the Right of Children, Youth and Future Teachers. After a preface in which Judge Robert Landry cites the importance of the Galt Decision, the paper summarizes the rights of students in elementary and secondary schools. This is presented through case histories. The decisions are grouped into the categories of freedom of expression, search and seizure, dress and grooming, invasion of privacy, and discipline. The rights of students in programs of teacher education are then discussed in ten parts: the right of equal opportunity; the right of freedom of assembly and association; the right of petition; the rights of due process and equal protection; the rights of speech and press; the right of freedom of religion; the rights of person, property, and privacy; the right to dissent; the right against self-incrimination; and the right to trial by jury of peers. The final section presents a Bill or Rights for future teachers. Student teachers' and interns' rights are elaborations and extensions of the previous analysis on the rights of… [PDF]

Joyce, Robert P. (1985). Constitutional Protections of Teachers and Other Public Employees. School Law Bulletin, v16 n2 p6-12 Spr. Teachers and other public employees enjoy the same fundamental rights as other citizens. They are entitled to free speech–though the privilege is not limitless–and to due process and equal protection under the law. (Author/DCS)…

Stefkovich, Jacqueline A. (2002). Search and Seizure of Students in Public Schools: 2002 Update of Fourth Amendment Cases. This paper presents court cases for the purpose of updating current knowledge on search and seizure of students in the school setting. These cases focus on the balance and interplay between students' Fourth Amendment rights and school administrators' obligations to maintain order and discipline in the schools. Part of this obligation implies keeping schools safe for students. Cases are presented by category: general (21 cases), strip searches (14 cases), mass or random drug testing (13 cases), metal-detector searches (6 cases), random locker searches (3 cases), field-trip searches (4 cases), and other searches conducted without individualized suspicion (6 cases). (RT)…

Sametz, Lynn; And Others (1983). Children's Constitutional Rights: Interpretations and Implications. Psychology in the Schools, v20 n2 p175-83 Apr. Discusses a brief historical overview of constitutional law as it applies to children, delineated in the First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments. Emphasizes the need for school psychologists and educators to have an understanding of children's developing legal rights. Specific court cases are cited. (Author/JAC)…

Grant, Gerald (1982). Children's Rights and Adult Confusions. Public Interest, n69 p83-99 Fall. Examines issues relating to children's legal rights that have developed over the years. Suggests that current confusion about children's rights can be removed by carefully distinguishing between the rights of all persons, including adolescents, and those rights granted to adults to enhance their capacity to exercise concordant responsibilities. (Author/MJL)…

Kopenhaver, Lillian Lodge (1995). Censorship becomes Way of Life for High School Journalists. Contemporary Education, v66 n2 p89-91 Win. Censorship has become routine for many student media operations at high schools nationwide, with First Amendment rights of student editors and staff members violated daily. After a brief history of American freedom of the press and censorship, the paper discusses responsibilities of administrators and advisors to student free expression. (SM)…

Boomer, Lyman W. (1992). Searching Students: An Ethical and Legal Issue for Special Educators. Preventing School Failure, v36 n3 p16-19 Spr. A survey of 238 Kansas principals, which found searching of students (especially of students with disabilities) not uncommon, is reported. Relevant court litigation is briefly reviewed and lawful guidelines concerning \reasonable suspicion\ and \reasonable scope\ are explained. (DB)…

Wong, K. Laiana (2004). He Hawa'e Kai Nui a Kau ma Kula. Educational Perspectives, v37 n1 p31-39. This article calls attention to the practices, policies, and procedures at the University of Hawai'i that infringe on the rights of Native Hawaiians to utilize the Hawaiian language in learning and teaching, and in the conduct and dissemination of research. Addressing these infringements, however, appears more easily said than done. The author's introductory paragraph predicts what lies ahead for those working on the revitalization of the Hawaiian language and culture. (Contains 9 footnotes.)… [PDF]

Kelley, Joseph T. (2006). Theology for Citizenship: How a Catholic College in the Augustinian Tradition Prepares Citizens to Transform Society. Forum on Public Policy Online, v2006 n1 Fall. This article uses Vatican and papal documents to reflect on the distinctive mission of Catholic colleges and universities in light of their responsibility to prepare students for virtuous citizenship in a religiously and ethnically pluralistic society. It also shows how one Catholic college understands its academic community in light of such a mission…. [PDF]

Ndura, Elavie (2006). Transcending the Majority Rights and Minority Protection Dichotomy through Multicultural Reflective Citizenship in the African Great Lakes Region. Intercultural Education, v17 n2 p195-205 May. In this paper, the author examines how colonial racist policies and western-bound post-colonial educational practices have contributed to the recurring ethnic conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa. After defining democracy and reflective citizenship within the African context, she discusses how teachers' roles should be redefined and pedagogy revamped within a multicultural perspective in order to prepare students to become reflective citizens who are empowered to reframe interethnic relations in the region beyond the pervasive majority rights and minority protection discourse…. [Direct]

Stuckey, Mary (2006). Establishing the Rhetorical Presidency through Presidential Rhetoric: Theodore Roosevelt and the Brownsville Raid. Quarterly Journal of Speech, v92 n3 p287-309 Aug. Theodore Roosevelt was an important figure in the development of the presidency as a primary and authoritative source for definitions of national identity. Through an analysis of three specific rhetorical moves Roosevelt made in arguments over the \proper\ interpretation of the Brownsville Raid, this essay examines how Roosevelt both justified his dismissal of the soldiers and increased the definitional power of his institution. Brownsville highlights the importance of the presidency's constitutive and rhetorical power, especially as that power pertains to ideologically based definitions of national identity and the role of minorities within that identity, and illuminates the argumentative forms that undergird that constitutive power. (Contains 92 notes.)… [Direct]

Batelaan, Pieter; Coomans, Fons (1995). The International Basis for Intercultural Education Including Anti-Racist and Human Rights Education. Many international documents, building on the philosophy and contents of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations, support this declaration's standards and stress teaching and education as effective ways to make these standards reality. The two papers in this document describe and analyze some international documents for their implications for intercultural education. The first paper, "The Legal Character of International Documents on Intercultural Education," by Fons Coomans describes the legal character of international documents on intercultural education and explores whether they have legal standing with governments and their value at grass-roots level for students and teachers. In general terms, these documents are not enforceable against states, but they have great value as yardsticks and guidelines. The second paper, "The Implications of International Documents on Intercultural Education," by Pieter Batelaan, discusses obligations… [PDF]

Hulkower, Benjamin; And Others (1994). Schindler's List: A Viewer's Guide. This guide aids in understanding the film, "Schindlers List," and how to present it for classroom use. The guide contains: (1) an historical overview of Krakow (Poland); (2) guidelines for viewing; (3) preparation for viewing; (4) topics for discussion after viewing; (5) activities after viewing; and (6) classroom enrichment activities (Allan Scholl). Other segments include: (1) "Film the Holocaust" (Judith E. Doneson); (2) "Suggested Films" (Judith E. Doneson); and (3) "Questions Raised by the Holocaust" (Alex Grobman). The reference section includes resources of a general nature, on pre-war Europe, the children of the Holocaust, rescuers and resisters, the Christian response, and films. (EH)… [PDF]