Owen, David B. (1988). Recent Textbook Cases and Children's Rights. Religion and Public Education, v15 n3 p286-92 Sum. Questions the failure to address children's rights in recent court decisions regarding educational issues. States that at some point prior to adulthood children achieve the emotional maturity to evaluate ideas, actions, and values, and therefore, should be allowed to exercise free choice. Response by Ronald B. Flowers follows. (LS)…

Leas, Terrence; Stefkovich, Jacqueline A. (1994). A Legal History of Desegregation in Higher Education. Journal of Negro Education, v63 n3 p406-20 Sum. Presents an in-depth review of desegregation efforts waged in the nation's courts, along with insights into the overall effectiveness of the courts' rulings in this area. It discusses concepts of academic freedom at the postsecondary level and their influence on higher education desegregation efforts. The authors provide a partial explanation for the judiciary's failure to desegregate higher education. (GR)…

Shorten, Ann (1995). Discrimination in Australian TAFE and Higher Education: The Anecdotal Evidence of Contested Matters. Educational Management & Administration, v23 n2 p114-21 Apr. Provides anecdotal evidence of discrimination in Australian technical and further education (TAFE) and higher education, focusing on recent court litigation involving employment and provision of educational services. Unless appropriate antidiscrimination policies and practices are developed and implemented by TAFE and higher education institutions, discriminatory activities are bound to occur. (45 endnotes) (MLH)…

Hochschild, Jennifer L. (1995). Affirmative Action and the Rumor of Black Inferiority. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n8 p64-65 Sum. Challenges the view that, in a meritocratic society, affirmative action in higher education does personal and professional harm to those whom it ostensibly benefits. The author contends that, in most cases, those who are granted preferences are neither professionally diminished nor hurt by personal or societal feelings that they are unqualified or that their benefits are undeserved. (GR)…

Strauss, Susan (1993). Sexual Harassment in the Schools. Students Are Taking Legal Action, and Administrators Are Having to Confront Ugly Facts. Vocational Education Journal, v68 n3 p28-31 Mar. Educators and administrators must face their responsibility in dealing with sexual harassment by developing policies that are intended to ensure a safe environment, specifying procedures for reporting incidents, and making the reporting process unthreatening. (SK)…

Stager, Susan (1993). Individual Rights versus Institutional Responsibilities. EDUCOM Review, v28 n3 p41-44 May-Jun. Discusses individual rights versus institutional responsibilities as addressed in the Bill of Rights and Responsibilities for Electronic Learners. Topics addressed include freedom of speech and First Amendment rights; freedom of the press; freedom of assembly; right to privacy; freedom from unreasonable searches; due process; and future issues. (three references) (LRW)…

Starkey, Hugh (1992). Back to Basic Values: Education for Justice and Peace in the World. Journal of Moral Education, v21 n3 p185-92. Contends that public education has basic, secular texts that include basic human rights common to all the world's peoples. Identifies the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 as the first of these documents. Argues that schools in all nations should emphasize equality of rights and equality of dignity. (CFR)…

Bjorklun, Eugene C. (1992). Evolution and Creationism in the Public School Curriculum: The Academic Freedom Issue. Religion & Public Education, v19 n1 p57-66 Win. Reviews the controversy of teaching evolution and creationism in public schools from the early years of the twentieth century until today. Identifies two stages of the legal challenges to the teaching of evolution. Contends that academic freedom issues may provide another avenue to the Supreme Court for those supporting creationism. (CFR)…

Johns, Horace E. (1990). The Grove City College Case: A Relatively Short-Lived Aberration in American Higher Education. Higher Education Management, v2 n2 p147-55 Jul. The article reviews the 1984 Grove City College v Bell case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that prohibition of sex discrimination in federally supported educational activities, applied only to programs receiving aid and not to the entire institution. Trends leading to congressional overturn of the Grove City decision in 1988 are noted. (Author/MLW)…

Tharinger, Deborah; And Others (1990). Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Children and Adults with Mental Retardation and Other Handicaps. Child Abuse and Neglect: The International Journal, v14 n3 p301-12. Issues in the sexual abuse and exploitation of individuals with mental retardation are discussed, including sociolegal considerations of special protection from abuse and neglect, incidence of sexual abuse, increased vulnerability of individuals with mental retardation, nature of the abuse, initial and long-term effects, professional response, and therapeutic interventions. (JDD)…

Freire, Paulo (1998). Reprint: Cultural Action for Freedom. Harvard Educational Review, v68 n4 p471-521 Win. Reprints of two Harvard Educational Review articles from 1970, "The Adult Literacy Process in Cultural Action for Freedom" and "Cultural Action and Conscientization," highlight the importance of education to human rights. (SK)…

Gerber, Paul J.; Price, Lynda A. (2001). At Second Glance: Employers and Employees with Learning Disabilities in the Americans with Disabilities Act Era. Journal of Learning Disabilities, v34 n3 p202-10,48 May-Jun. Previous findings on employer knowledge about learning disabilities were compared to 25 employers from Pennsylvania and Virginia. Findings indicate that employers are continuing to make efforts to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 regulations but have little knowledge or experience with it in terms of learning disabilities. (Contains references.) (Author/CR)…

Mack, Raymond W. (1996). Whose Affirmative Action?. Society, v33 n3 p41-43 Mar-Apr. Presents a brief historical summary of affirmative action, examines its practices, and explores its future prospects. The article argues that the way out of the racial isolation brought about by the success of middle-class racial integration is to practice affirmative action on the basis of class rather than race, that is, equality of opportunity. (GR)…

Howard, J. Paul R. (2001). Can We Legislate Beliefs?. Education Canada, v41 n3 p36-37 Fall. Trinity Western University (TWU) (British Columbia) was denied accreditation as a teacher training institution because the accrediting college felt that TWU–a Christian institution excluding persons based on sexual orientation–would produce teachers that discriminated against homosexual students. In subsequent court litigation, the Supreme Court upheld religious freedoms, stating that religious beliefs would not necessarily lead to discriminatory conduct. (SV)…

Bell, Derrick (2000). Epilogue. Affirmative Action: Another Instance of Racial Workings in the United States. Journal of Negro Education, v69 n1-2 p145-49 Win-Spr. Discusses the effect of recent legal and legislative setbacks in the affirmative action arena, looking at the history of legislation that protects white rights over black rights (and that makes whites the protected minority) and emphasizing the need to respond to the types of injustices that affirmative action was designed to address. (SM)…

Thornton, Clarence H. (2004). Value Orientations: A Study of Black College Students. College Student Journal, v38 n1 p103 Mar. The present investigation describes the manner in which a group of southern black college students structure their value preferences. Based upon prior research, especially among white college students, it was expected that our sampled respondents would embrace values associated with economic and materialistic success. However, results obtained suggest that rather than being preeminently concerned with economic pursuits, religion and family emerged as the joint modal category for the vast majority of both male and female students. Implications of the likely import of these findings are discussed in fight of the historical significance of family and religion for Black America….

McLester, Susan (2005). Tackling Human Rights. Technology & Learning, v25 n7 pA13 Feb. In 2003, four high school students from the Tashkent International School in the capital city confronted the issue of their nation's human rights problems head on by researching the topic and publishing their findings on the Web. The site, "Uzbekistan: Opaque Reality," was created as an entry for the non-profit Global SchoolNet's Doors to Diplomacy student competition. In this article, this student-created Web site is described…. [Direct]

Howard, Richard; Markos, Patricia A.; Waggoner, Elizabeth A. (2004). Ethical Considerations for People Who Are Homeless and Mentally Ill. Guidance & Counselling, v19 n3 p132-138 Spr. This article presents an ethical analysis of the important issues surrounding the involuntary institutionalization of people who are homeless and mentally ill (HMI) in the United States. The legal, economic, and moral implications of state-sponsored involuntary institutionalization of people who are HMI are considered. An ethical decision-making model is used as an analytical tool to evaluate ethical concerns associated with involuntary institutionalization. Legal rights of the HMI are examined at the federal, state, and local levels. The broad social implications of involuntary institutionalization are addressed, as well as individual therapeutic ethics. The article concludes with recommendations for public policy decision-makers and counsellors working with people who are homeless and mentally ill…. [Direct]

Noel, Jana (2005). Jeremiah B. Sanderson: Educator and Organizer for the Rights of "Colored Citizens" in Early California. Journal of Negro Education, v74 n2 p151-158 Spr. Jeremiah B. Sanderson, a free, New Bedford-educated Black man successfully petitioned to get public funding for "colored schools" in the 1850s-1870s in Sacramento, San Francisco and Stockton. Jeremiah Sanderson was one of the most influential spokesmen and educators in the state….

Derryberry, W. Pitt; Thoma, Stephen J. (2005). Functional Differences: Comparing Moral Judgement Developmental Phases of Consolidation and Transition. Journal of Moral Education, v34 n1 p89-106 Mar. Applying Snyder and Feldman's 1984 consolidation-transition model to moral judgement development has enabled further understanding of how moral judgement translates to moral functioning. In this study, 178 college students were identified as being in consolidated versus transitional phases of moral judgement development using Rest's Defining Issues Test (DIT). Participant moral functioning was inferred through an honest decision-making index along with Attitudes Towards Human Rights Inventory (ATHRI) and Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) scores. Multivariate Analyses of Variance revealed that the consolidated group was significantly more honest than the transitional group. No differences attributable to moral judgement phase were seen for ATHRI and VFI scores. Findings support the claim that consolidated phases improve the explanatory power of moral judgement for certain moral functional outcomes–particularly those involving ambiguity and minimal time for decision-making…. [Direct]

Baptiste, H. Prentice; Kamenski, Christopher J.; Orvosh-Kamenski, Heidi (2005). American Presidents and Their Attitudes, Beliefs, and Actions Surrounding Education and Multiculturalism. A Series of Research Studies in Educational Policy. Sixth Installment: Examining Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and William Jefferson Clinton. Research. Multicultural Education, v12 n3 p28-40 Spr. This article focuses on the recent presidencies of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and William Jefferson Clinton and is the sixth installment in a series that examines how presidents, through their office of power, have impacted U.S. citizens by their actions and policies. By viewing the presidents through a multicultural lense we can more clearly understand the impact of their legacies that have been advanced and continue to exist today with respect to issues of social justice…. [PDF] [Direct]

Malherbe, Rassie (2004). The Constitutional Framework for Pursuing Equal Opportunities in Education. Perspectives in Education, v22 n3 p9-28 Sep. The promotion of equal learning opportunities is crucially important for the improvement of the quality of life of millions of people. The virtues of education in preparing learners for life, for meaningful interaction with other human beings, for constructive civic and political involvement, and for successful economic participation stand beyond reason. As stated in \Brown v Board of Education,\ education \is the very foundation of good citizenship\. This contribution focuses on the constitutional framework within which equal educational opportunities are pursued in South Africa. Section 29 of the Constitution, which provides for the education rights, and section 9, the equality principle, as well as the interaction between them, are discussed in some depth. It is concluded that, despite the constitutional framework being in place, there is still a long way to go before education opportunities will have been created that enable learners with different backgrounds, needs, abilities… [Direct]

Gaskell, Jane (2004). Educational Change and the Women's Movement: Lessons From British Columbia Schools in the 1970s. Educational Policy, v18 n2 p291-310 May. This article uses Melucci's approach to social movements to explore how the women\s movement changed education in British Columbia in the 1970s. The women's movement was a multifaceted social phenomenon with multiple agendas and actors. In the early 1970s, it developed a temporary sense of cohesion in the field of education in the context of a Royal Commission on the Status of Women. The movement remained constantly in tension with formal educational institutions but opened up new debates about education and new spaces in the provincial government and the teachers' federation. The debates were not resolved and the spaces were not stable, but the movement brought about significant change that increased equity and enhanced the legitimacy of education. The article concludes with a discussion of the place of social movements in a democratic politics of education…. [Direct]

Barrington, Lowell W. (1994). An Explanation of the Citizenship Policies of Estonia and Lithuania. This study attempts to examine and explain the citizenship choices made by the governments of Estonia and Lithuania. The report explains the factors driving the inclusiveness of the policies. The project attempts to discover those factors that lead the government of a newly independent state to develop a more inclusive or more exclusive citizenship policy. Factors that likely affect the development of citizenship policies include: (1) an ethnically defined nation or political-territorially defined nation; (2) whether or not the newly independent state is seen as a nation-state or as a multi-national state; (3) a perceived threat to survival of the nation; (4) strength of minority groups in size, concentration, and economic power; and (5) powerful neighbors interested in inclusive policies due to a large ethnic minority in their own country or human rights organizations monitoring citizenship policies. These factors and questions, although applied to Lithuania and Estonia, also… [PDF]

Abramowitz, Jack (1989). Readings in American History (In Their Own Words), Book III. New Directions for the United States and Teacher's Guide. This skills-text is the third of four books in the series \Readings in American History.\ The materials allow opportunities to improve reading and comprehension skills in a subject matter context by using certain primary sources related to the topic. Book 3 covers the period from the Civil War to 1900. Each lesson includes short readings with exercises and questions to allow students to explore the topic. The volume includes: (1) \Slavery Divides the Nation\; (2) \Letters and Diaries from the Civil War\; (3) \Emancipation\; (4) \Black Soldiers in the Civil War\; (5) \The Effort at Reconstruction\; (6) \Westward Ho\; (7) \The Black Exodus of 1879\; (8) \A Century of Dishonor Toward Native Americans\; (9) \The Farmer's Revolt\; (10) \The Rise of Big Business\; (11) \The Rise of Labor Unionism\; (12) \The New Immigrants\; (13) \The Election of 1896\; and (14) \Imperialism and Racism.\ A review section, glossary, and teacher's guide are included. (EH)…

Hutton, Frankie (1990). Free Women and the Antebellum Black Press: Gender Oppression Reconsidered. Black newspapers and journals published between 1827 and 1860, such as "Freedom's Journal,""The Weekly Advocate," and the "Mirror of Liberty," worked to dispel negative images and to set the record straight about women of color, in contrast to the unfounded hyperboles against these women which had been pervasive during the pre-Civil War years. The messages common to the black press and women were concerned primarily with the vindication and uplift of people of color. The relationship between the black press and black women was not oppressive but symbiotic, as the black press brought benefits to black women, and the women, in turn, brought financial and editorial support to the black press. Led by such men as Samuel Cornish, John Brown Russwurm, Frederick Douglas, David Ruggles, and Thomas Hamilton, the antebellum press was a forum for the social thought of women of color, daring to publish a variety of their literary, sociopolitical, moral and…

(1987). Human Rights: The Struggle for Freedom, Dignity and Equality. Resource Guide. Every human being deserves the right to live in freedom and dignity. Yet human rights violations dominate the headlines. In addition to becoming sensitive to human pain and suffering, young adults must also begin the lifelong process of creating, recognizing, and exercising options. This resource guide contains suggested questions and projects that have been found to be helpful in teaching about human rights. Chapter topics are: (1) What Are Human Rights?; (2) The Roots of Inhumanity; (3) Inhumanity: An Historical Overview; (4) The Rise of Totalitarianism in Germany; (5) Surplus People: The Final Solution; (6) Surplus People: The Pattern Continues (Argentina, Kampuchea [Cambodia], South Africa, and World Totalitarianism); and (7) Taking Action. Three appendices conclude the document: (1) Appendix A–"The Foundations of Human Rights in the United States"–containing excerpts from the Declaration of Independence, Constitution and Bill of Rights; (2) Appendix… [PDF]

Frazier, Louise; And Others (1981). Elementary School Guide for Teaching about Human Rights. This is an elementary school guide for teaching about human rights prepared for use in the Detroit, Michigan public schools. The guide presents a number of overall goals and specific educational objectives in the area of human rights. Each of these objectives is paired with corresponding classroom activities and resource materials. Topics of study include equality of races, the interdependence of people, the need for mutual understanding, the role of the government in human rights, the impact of apathy in fostering inhumane conditions, the ways in which racism, sexism, and genocide develop, and the destructive effects of myths and stereotypes. (APM)…

Nash, Evelyn; And Others (1981). High School Guide for Teaching about Human Rights. This is a high school guide for teaching about human rights prepared for use in the Detroit, Michigan public schools. The guide presents a number of overall goals and specific educational objectives in the area of human rights. Each of these objectives is paired with corresponding classroom activities and resource materials. Topics of study include equality of race, the interdependence of people, the need for mutual understanding, the role of government in human rights, the impact of apathy in fostering inhumane conditions, the ways in which racism, sexism, and genocide develop, and the destructive effects of myths and stereotypes. (APM)…

Clark, David G., Ed.; Hutchinson, Earl R., Ed. (1970). Mass Media and the Law; Freedom and Restraint. The papers and articles collected in this volume examine the relationship between government, business conglomerates, and the mass media and discuss the effect of this relationship on the flow of information. Separate sections are devoted to: the \right to know\; the effect of media barons on the flow of news; the \right of access\; the sometimes conflicting guarantees of the First and the Sixth Amendments; invasion of privacy; libel; obscenity; the impact of such Federal agencies as the Post Office, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Federal Communications Commission; and copyright laws. At the end of each section relevant books, articles, and court decisions are noted. In the concluding section of the book, the editors summarize their position by stating that the changing nature of the communications process demands that the law must not only protect the media's right of access to information, but must also forbid the arbitrary denial of space in which to present divergent…