Livingston, James C., Ed. (1985). Religion and Government in Other Countries. Church, State and the First Amendment: A North Carolina Dialogue. This anthology provides an introduction to a variety of theories about and historical types of church-state relations, past and present. It provides foreign models against which citizens can judge the strengths and weaknesses of U.S. constitutional arrangements. The analysis looks at Catholicism, Islam, Lutheranism, Calvinism, Judaism, and the Protestant "Free Church" tradition within the nine chapters: (1) "A Comparative Look at Church-State Relations"; (2) "The Theocratic Ideal"; (3) "The State Church"; (4) "The Roman Catholic Position and Its Development"; (5) "A Distinction between the 'Two Kingdoms'"; (6) "The Case of Israel: A State Poised between Secular Democracy and Theocratic Law"; (7) "Separationism: The Witness of the Free or Believers' Church"; (8) "Separationism: Examples from Some Modern Secular States"; and (9) "Cooperation of Church and State: The Example of Education in… [PDF]

PASNICK, RAYMOND (1964). CHICAGO'S SCHOOL CRISIS. THE WRITER, A MEMBER OF THE CHICAGO BOARD OF EDUCATION, ACCUSES THE BOARD OF DELIBERATELY IMPOSING CONDITIONS AND POLICIES WHICH HAVE SERVED TO KEEP THE TWO RACES IN THE SCHOOL SYSTEM APART AND TO DISCRIMINATE AGAINST LARGE SEGMENTS OF THE RACIAL MINORITY. HE HOLDS THAT THERE IS A CLEAR NECESSITY TO DEMONSTRATE THIS BOARD'S SINCERITY BY IMMEDIATE, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION. TIME AND ENERGIES NEED TO BE USED IN THIS PUBLIC SERVICE BEFORE CONDITIONS GET WORSE AND THE PATIENCE OF THE VICTIMS RUNS OUT. UNDER THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC BOARD RESPONSIBLIILITY IN RUNNING THE SCHOOLS, MOST OF THE RACE RELATIONS ISSUES IN CHICAGO'S EDUCATIONAL COMPLEX COULD BE SETTLED BY ACTION OF THE BOARD MEMBERS. THE BOARD SHOULD MAKE A NEW START BY ARRANGING A CONFERENCE WITH ALL CONCERNED TO RESOLVE THE CRISIS WITH COOPERATION AND GOOD WILL. WRITTEN DURING THE TIME OF A SCHOOL BOYCOTT (FEBRUARY 1964), THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES THAT DEMONSTRATIONS AND SCHOOL BOYCOTTS ARE A DIRECT REACTION TO OUR FAILURE AND LAGGARDNESS…

Laster, John (1978). State Law on Mandatory Retirement of Tenured Faculty after the 1978 Age Discrimination in Employment Act Amendments. Journal of College and University Law, v5 n3 p211-16 1978-79. In enacting federal age discrimination legislation, Congress has not preempted the ability of the states to afford more protection to employees from forced retirement than the federal act provides. States with and without age discrimination laws and other sources of law are briefly discussed. (MLW)…

Brabeck, Mary; And Others (1994). Human Rights Education through the "Facing History and Ourselves" Program. Journal of Moral Education, v23 n3 p333-47. Reports on a study that examined the effects of the "Facing History and Ourselves" program on moral development and psychological functioning. Asserts that this study adds to the literature suggesting that human rights education positively affects students' moral development. (CFR)…

Reardon, Betty A. (1994). Human Rights and Values Education: Using the International Standards. Social Education, v58 n7 p427-29 Nov-Dec. Asserts that, in teaching about human rights, the international standards should be the fundamental core of the content and values to be communicated. Recommends that teachers should use the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the standard by which the actions of individuals and governments should be compared. (CFR)…

Gorn, Cathy (1990). National History Day 1991: Rights in History. OAH Magazine of History, v5 n1 p49-51 Sum. The 1991 National History Day theme observes the Bill of Rights bicentennial, culminating in performing and essay writing contests, designed to demonstrate the importance of the Bill of Rights. Considers various subjects and methodologies available for student contestants, encouraging them to explore global topics as well as U. S. history. (NL)…

Harvey, Karen D. (1996). Teaching about Human Rights and American Indians. Social Studies and the Young Learner, v8 n4 p6-10 Mar-Apr. Presents a flexible lesson plan integrating teaching about human rights into the existing curriculum about American Indians. Asserts that American Indians have the right to maintain their cultural ways and connects that subject to the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Includes three lists of resources and references. (MJP)…

Allender, Sara; Cooc, North; Edwards, Sara; Foley, Eileen M.; Reisner, Elizabeth R.; Riley, Derek R. (2009). Instructional Partnerships to Extend Learning in Urban High Schools: Lessons from New York City and Boston. Policy Studies Associates, Inc. Late in 2007 New Visions for Public Schools, a New York City reform organization, received a grant from the C.S. Mott Foundation to organize select high schools and community partners into delivery systems that could improve student achievement. New Visions asked Policy Studies Associates, Inc. to provide research support for this effort in the form of a concise, field-tested conceptual framework for inter-organizational instructional collaboration. The resulting model is presented in Chapter 3 of this report. In developing the model, PSA researchers reviewed pertinent literature and conducted field work in four New York City high schools and in two Boston high schools. This report presents research results in three chapters. Chapter 1 introduces concepts and methods. Chapter 2 presents case studies of successful partnerships and summarizes practitioners' views about what does and does not work. Chapter 3 discusses study conclusions and implications. There are two appendixes; the… [PDF]

Kelly, Jason M. (2009). Howard Zinn and the Struggle for the Microphone: History, Objectivity, and Citizenship. International Journal of Social Education, v24 n1 p19-25 Spr-Sum. Every year, historians in the United States attend the American Historical Association (AHA), a conference that has met annually since 1884. The AHA draws scholars from all specializations, and it is the primary organization through which the profession is represented. In 1969, the conference met at the Sheraton Park Hotel in Washington, D.C. At the business meeting on the evening of 28 December, the radicals sought to take control of the organization. The minutes demonstrate the dangers of trusting narratives–even (or especially) those proffered as neutral accounts. They do not document the moment entirely, nor do they capture the participants' experiences of it. On the central event, the records are silent. What actually happened speaks to the issues of power, neutrality, and knowledge that were central themes in Howard Zinn's career. In those moments, Zinn, representing the Radical Historians' Caucus, sought to present a resolution to the members of the AHA. He grabbed a… [PDF]

(1994). Sexual Harassment in the Classroom. This brief pamphlet, developed for New York schools, presents a concise overview of sexual harassment in the classroom. The paper contains the following sections: (1) What is the definition of sexual harassment? (2) What is important to remember about sexual harassment? (3) Can sexual harassment be prevented? and (4) What if sexual harassment occurs? In section 4, there is a guide for the student and a guide for the educator in dealing with sexual harassment. A 6-item resource list also is provided. (EH)… [PDF]

Foster, Victoria (1996). Gender Equity, Citizenship Education and Inclusive Curriculum: Another Case of "Add Women and Stir?". This paper argues that an inclusive notion of citizenship is impossible in the modern state, predicated as it is on an opposition between the public and private spheres of social life. Until that opposition is addressed in the lives of men and women, women's ambiguous relationship with citizenship and the state will continue. This paper explores some of the ways in which education perpetrates women's and girls' lack of citizenship status, in the context of the current revival of interest, in Australia and other countries, in citizenship education. The document highlights some of the real issues of of the ways in which education perpetuates women's and girls' lack of citizenship status, in the context of current revival interest in citizenship education in Australia and other countries. The document highlights some of the real issues of continuing sexual difference and inequality in curriculum participation and its outcomes, which bear directly on men's and women's participation as… [PDF]

Kelly, David H., Ed. (1996). International Feminist Perspectives on Educational Reform: The Work of Gail Paradise Kelly. Garland Reference Library of Social Science. Volume 1030. This volume presents articles by Gail Paradise Kelly spanning nearly 20 years of her professional career. Kelly, a leading scholar in the field of gender in education, was Professor of Education and Chairperson of the Department of Education, Organization, and Policy at State University of New York, Buffalo when she died in January of 1991. This collection of her writings provides a historical overview of her pioneering strategy to make gender issues prominent among educators. Presenting two original and 12 reprinted essays, the volume begins with Kelly's efforts as a student radical in the 1970s to establish feminist agendas and concludes with her harsh critiques of the current national reform movement and a proposal for a study that takes into account women's life experiences to create change in U.S. inner city schools. In the years between, Kelly's essays demonstrate how viewing women's education like men's blinds the scholar to the real issue of educating both genders. Kelly…

Mackintosh, Mary (1993). Education Law Manual: An Advocate's Guide for New York State Parents and Professionals. Third Edition. As a service to the community to protect the legal rights of students, this manual is designed to provide the legal information New York state parents and professionals need in order to become more effective educational advocates. It is not intended as a definitive legal resource, but rather as a guide for structuring a legally sound argument to ensure that every student's educational rights are honored. The manual gives an overview of student educational entitlements and provides suggestions to assist advocates and parents in speaking on behalf of their children. It explains New York state and federal legislation and the judicial cases interpreting laws that comprise educational entitlement. The manual also presents guidance on bringing the art of negotiation to advocacy efforts. Specific issues treated include the right to education and compulsory education, mandatory testing and graduation requirements, access to records, school discipline, special instructional services,… [PDF]

Leming, Robert S. (1992). Indiana v. Jamie L. Curtis: "The Case of the Questionable Book Bag Search." A Constitution-based Scripted Trial. This document presents "Indiana v. Jamie L. Curtis," a fictional court case stemming from the search by school officials of a student's bookbag. The case is based upon the actual U.S. Supreme Court case of New Jersey v. T.L.O., which involved similar facts. The document includes background materials on the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution as well as leading Supreme Court decisions on search and seizure law. Most of the document consists of a script for the fictional trial, including a list of characters, opening and closing statements by the prosecution and defense, and the examination of witnesses. At the conclusion of the presentation of the case, a previously selected jury of students is asked to reach a verdict based upon a set of included instructions. (LBG)… [PDF]

Gregory, Martha Wille, Ed. (1993). Accessibility and Accommodations: Creating Employment Opportunities. This training manual is intended to aid in the design of physical environments to make them accessible to individuals with all kinds of disabilities. Three separate sections each contain a training agenda, learning objectives, workshop content (with side notes to the trainer in italics), overheads, and handouts. Preliminary information includes module purpose and overall learning objectives, a module outline, materials needed for the workshop, and adaptations for individuals with disabilities. The first content section is on public policy. It considers, first, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), including its definition of disability requirements concerning employment, state and local government, and public accommodations. It also describes Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and gives ADA accessibility guidelines. The second section deals with steps needed to determine accommodations. These include analyzing requirements, consulting with the individual involved, and… [PDF]

Doggett, Libby; George, Jill (1993). All Kids Count: Child Care and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This guide was developed to inform the child care industry about the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and to familiarize child care providers with the importance and value of including all children in regular child care settings. It offers an overview of the law as well as practical solutions to common problems and advice to ensure success in caring for children with disabilities and complying with Title III of the ADA. Chapter 1 explains the parts of the ADA; defines terms used in the legislation; and outlines how Title III requirements affect day care center enrollment policies, facilities, and day-to-day operations. Chapter 2 discusses steps to take to comply with the ADA and what to do for children with specific types of disabilities. Chapter 3 provides an eight-step process to successful inclusion of children with disabilities in child care programs. Chapter 4 offers vignettes of five preschool-age children who attend day care centers, describing each child's specific…

Butts, R. Freeman (1992). At Last – \A Civics Lesson for All of Us.\ Working Paper Series in Education. This essay chronicles the move toward national standards in the content areas and examines the civics lessons to be learned from the debates. The paper notes the contradiction found in historically advocating local control and support of schools, moving toward the setting of national education goals and standards with little attention paid to democratic values. This U.S. movement is paralleled by the former communist nations, historically bent on central control of schools with the ideological goal of national unity, embarking on decentralized educational reforms to help prepare their students to move from a command society to political democracy. The paper suggests a need for reexamination of the core values of democracy and questions what civics lessons are being omitted in the present debate. (EH)…

Stuller, W. Stuart (1998). The Conundrum of Academic Freedom. Inquiry & Analysis, p1-4 May 1997. This article provides an overview of court cases that affect the curricular speech of teachers. Despite the large number of cases, the law governing speech in the schools is anything but settled. Courts disagree as to the analytical framework that should be applied to such claims, although most courts use the standard articulated by the Supreme Court's "Hazelwood" decision, which states that school officials may regulate the classroom speech of teachers so long as those regulations are reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns. High school curricular-speech cases began to appear shortly after the Supreme Court struck down a law that required university professors to sign loyalty oaths. Most court rulings on teachers' speech have been connected to "Hazelwood," though the courts have not applied "Hazelwood" with any measure of consistency. Nevertheless, many school districts use the "Hazelwood" case in defense since it creates a…

Cryan-Hicks, Kathryn T. (1991). W. E. B. Du Bois: Crusader for Peace. With a Message from Benjamin L. Hooks. Picture-Book Biography Series. A biogaphy of W. E. B. Du Bois is presented in this book for young children. Du Bois is widely regarded as the foremost black intellectual from the United States. A great scholar, he was the first black American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University. Of his written work he is probably best known for his essays, "The Souls of Black Folk." Du Bois was a strong advocate of black Americans. He was a founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Du Bois also was very concerned with the situation of blacks from other parts of the world. He helped to initiate a movement, called Pan Africanism, to unite people of African descent and to gain independence for African colonies. Du Bois also was well known as a champion for world peace. Accompanying the text of this biography are numerous illustrations. (DB)…

Zitron, Celia (1975). Reverse Racism: The Great White Hoax. Freedomways, 15, 3, 188-195, Sum 75. The controversy around quotas, school integration, open admissions, and reverse racism indicates a serious problem for equal educational opportunities and employment for minorities. United action of all people for effective integrated education is stressed. (Author/AM)…

Donohue, John W. (1975). Equally Suited for Studies. America, 132, 12, 234-236, Mar 29. Educational stereotypes are noted to have worked unfairly against women, but a new study reported here demolishes these myths about sex-typings. The practical problem of translating conviction into programs that make a difference is stressed. [Available from America, 106 West 56th Street, New York, New York 10019]. (Author/AM)…

Gonzalez, Josue M. (1975). Coming of Age in Bilingual/Bicultural Education: A Historical Perspective. Inequality in Education, 19, 5-17, Feb 75. Outlines the history of American bilingual education and summarizes the present state of bilingual/bicultural schooling. (Author/DW)…

McAlister, Jamie (1989). Guide to Rehabilitation Services and Self-Advocacy Manual. Client Assistance Project. This guide, which gives an overview of federally funded vocational rehabilitation programs available in New Mexico, was developed for clients and potential clients of vocational rehabilitation services. Written in a simple and clear manner, the manual outlines the goals of rehabilitation: independence, self-management, self-advocacy, and employment. It describes the five agencies established under the provisions of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973: Division of Vocational Rehabilitation, Commission for the Blind, New Vistas Independent Living Center, Projects with Industry, and the Client Assistance Program. Eligibility requirements are outlined for each agency. Guidelines are offered for appealing the eligibility determination, planning the rehabilitation program, acquiring independent living services, and working well with counselors. Clients are encouraged to become self-advocates, and checklists are provided to enable clients to assess their need for learning independent living… [PDF]

(1984). The Impact of the Equal Rights Amendment. Part 1. Hearings before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First and Second Sessions (May 26, September 13, November 1, 1983; January 24, February 21, March 20, April 23, and May 23, 1984). Presented are eight congressional hearings on a joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to equal rights for women and men. The hearings focus on a constitutional overview; the impact of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) on private and parochial education, military law and policy, abortion policy, veterans' programs, the Social Security program, and homosexual rights; and defining discrimination under the proposed amendment. The text of the proposed legislation is provided. Testimony includes statements, prepared statements, and miscellaneous materials (newsletters, letters, reports, etc.) from U.S. Senators, Representatives in Congress, and individuals representing Cornell University, Hunter College, Harvard University, Rutgers University, University of California at Berkeley, Tulane University, Emory University, Veterans of Foreign Wars, American Legion, American Veterans Committee, Vietnam Veterans of America, AMVETS, University of… [PDF]

(1986). Being Fair and Being Free: A Human Relations Program for the Secondary School. The purpose of this instructional kit is to provide secondary school teachers with activities and discussion topics to help students understand the nature of prejudice and how it conflicts with basic American values. The materials presented address seven educational objectives: (1) helping students understand that pluralism is a basic characteristic of our society; (2) helping students understand that our nation derives strength from two sources–from the intellectual and social ferment that comes from diversity coupled with the stability that comes from sharing common values; (3) helping students understand the nature of prejudice; (4) helping students understand the prejudice is un-American–that it attacks the vary basic structure of our society; (5) informing students about the consequences of prejudice both for individuals and for society; (6) elaborating on the forms prejudice take and alerting students to the specific dangers each represents; and (7) helping students…

Lawton, Stephen B. (1985). A Case Study of Choice in Education: Separate Schools in Ontario. Both Protestant and Catholic residents of Ontario's school districts have historically had the right to establish separate public elementary school boards and schools, and to levy taxes to support those schools, under most conditions. Only recently have all major political parties in Ontario agreed to funding Catholic public secondary schools through grade 13, in addition to the nondenominational public secondary schools. This agreement has led to questions about the levels and types of choice that are granted to various educational constituencies and about whether granting the rights to a separate school system for Catholics violates Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms or preserves the expressly stated constitutional rights of the Catholics. Court tests of these matters are pending. The Ontario situation suggests several propositions about choice in education that can serve as topics for discussion: (1) choice means exclusion, (2) choice reduces public control, (3) choice… [PDF]

Schweda-Nicholson, Nancy (1985). Court Interpreter Training: A Growing Need. Developments in court interpretation are outlined to illustrate the argument that more, and more qualified, interpreters are need to assist in both the federal and state courts. This discussion focuses principally on the criminal justice system, and includes federal statutory developments, especially concerning the implementation and impact of the Court Interpreters Act of 1978; constitutional bases for the appointment of a court interpreter, including federal developments in case law, state cases referring to the Federal Constitution, and state cases referring to state constitutions; a case study of the recent efforts of the State of New Jersey to improve its court interpretation services; the rationale and needed design for court interpretation training; and the current status of court interpreter training in the United States. Educational and administrative needs in the rapidly expanding field are examined. (MSE)… [PDF]

Hepburn, Mary A., Ed.; And Others (1988). Constitution 200: A Bicentennial Collection of Essays. Constitutional essays which formed the basis of public assemblies throughout three states are compiled in this book. The first three essays consider the U.S. government principles of federalism, judicial review, and the separation of powers. Michael L. Benedict proposes that the question of ultimate sovereignty has been answered differently by various groups according to their political needs. Martha I. Morgan, examines the source and extent of the power of the U.S. Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of state and federal acts. Richard H. Cox discusses the principle of the separation of powers. The remaining essays review issues related to the rights of the individual. The fourth essay (L. Carter) discusses separation of church and state. Procedural guarantees and the extension of the protections to the states through Supreme Court interpretation of the 14th Amendment are outlined in essay five (S. Talarico and E. Fairchild). The sixth essay (T. Freyer) traces the… [PDF]

Orum, Lori S.; Schroyer-Portillo, Janet (1982). Developments in School Segregation of Hispanics. This paper outlines developments in the segregation of Hispanics in public schools. It begins with a review of Gary Orfield's study, "Desegregation of Black and Hispanic Students from 1968 to 1980." Orfield determined that during the last decade Hispanics have been increasingly segregated in public schools, and are currently even more segregated than black students; this trend is expected to continue as a result of increases in the number of Hispanic youth and a lack of enforcement of Federal desegregation laws, as they affect Hispanics. The paper also includes information on the current status of the Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA), the most often used source of funds to assist school districts which were implementing desegreation plans. Because of ESAA's recent consolidation with many other education programs in block grants to the States, the money available for desegregation has been drastically reduced. And finally, the paper summarizes Congressional hearings focusing…

Abdallah-Pretceille, Martine (1989). Human Rights Education in Pre-Primary Schools: Educating Children to be Receptive to Others and to Diversity in Society! Report. Proceedings of the Teachers' Seminar (40th, Donaueschingen, West Germany, June 20-25, 1988). A seminar was held on the theme of human rights education. The seminar was thought to be the first to cover the theme of human rights in the context of nursery school and pre-primary education. The objective of the seminar was to alert teachers, educators, and teacher trainers to human rights and to ways of introducing the subject of human rights at the pre-elementary level. Participants, who came from eight Council of Europe member countries, included teachers, teacher trainers, advisers, and inspectors. The lectures included in this report cover: (1) a few points designed to stimulate thought on the birth of hatred of others; (2) constituent aspects of stories, the function of the marvelous, and the search for meaning; and (3) human rights education and nonverbal communication among the very young. Workshop discussions are summarized. Concluding remarks focus on human rights education as education, in practice, as education of the person, and recommendations are offered for…