Williams, Charles F. (2005). Supreme Court Roundup. Social Education, v69 n6 p298 Oct. Reactions to the retirement of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor and debate over the president's replacement nomination, Judge John Roberts, Jr., of the D.C. Circuit, dominated this summer's Supreme Court recess. Subsequently, after Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist's death on September 3, 2005, President Bush nominated Roberts for the chief justice slot. In the 2004-2005 term, O'Connor provided the deciding vote in many of the 13 capital cases the Court decided, and her opinions have been described as a kind of "bridge" over the wide gulf between the Court's left and right factions in this area. In this article, the author reviews some of the landmark cases handled by the Supreme Court under the jurisprudence of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. The author also provides his views on some of the Supreme Court's decisions. (Contains 21 notes)….

de Ruyter, Doret; Spiecker, Ben; Steutel, Jan (2004). Self-Concept and Social Integration: The Dutch Case as an Example. Theory and Research in Education, v2 n2 p161-175. This article evaluates the credo "integration while maintaining one's identity" with the help of psychological arguments. First, it explores the requirements of being a good citizen in a liberal democracy. Following Rawls, we state that justice is the cardinal liberal virtue and that this virtue includes having the disposition to respect the rights of all citizens equally. It then investigates psychological theories about identity and the relation between culture and identity. We focus on the distinction between collectivistic cultures and an interdependent self-concept on the one hand and individualistic cultures and an independent self-concept on the other. We come to the conclusion that the development into a good citizen of a liberal democracy cannot be combined with the full preservation of an interdependent self-concept. Further, we argue that the state has the right and the duty to offer civic education to all pupils, even if this means that the development of an… [Direct]

Novak, Michael (2002). A Reckoning. Academic Questions, v16 n1 p32-38 Dec. In this article, the author states that because people are willing to kill us just for being Americans, we ought at least to know what being American is. Yet many of our students have been taught painfully little about our nation's history, purposes, or achievements. In America's original founding narrative, faith and reason work together. Both point to liberty as the bright red thread of human history. The author contends that Americans today have lost this intellectual synthesis. It lies broken in fragments upon the ground, like a great mosaic that has fallen from what was once a towering arch above us. That is why the relativism around us has mushroomed. We can no longer defend the truths our founders took to be self-evident, since we have given up the ground our founders stood upon. The author calls for a reckoning as the new century has begun. He states that four lessons were learned during the horrors of the century past, and two of them are especially important for our… [Direct]

Lopach, James J.; Luckowski, Jean A. (2002). Freedom versus Equality in Campaign Finance Reform. Social Studies, v93 n3 p124-129 May-Jun. From the beginning of the U.S., the political values of freedom and equality have received top billing. However, these core values can come into conflict in the making of public policy. For example, affirmative action can provide substantive equality in the form of a job or college admission to some at the expense of others' freedom. The same tension exists in some approaches to campaign finance regulation. One reform is to "level the playing field" by reducing the ability of wealthy citizens to contribute money to candidates and the ability of corporations and unions to contribute large sums to political parties. Giving poorer citizens a louder voice by silencing the voices of those with more money places the value of equality in opposition to the value of freedom. In this article, the authors discuss ways for resolving the conflict between freedom and equality in campaign finance reform. Debate over new campaign finance regulations has prominently occupied members of… [Direct]

Goodman, Joyce (2004). Comprehensive Re-Organisation: Debating Single-Sex and Mixed Education in Wiltshire 1967-1985. Journal of Educational Administration and History, v36 n2 p159-169 Sep. Comprehensive re-organisation largely swept away single-sex secondary education in the state maintained sector in England and Wales. Literature suggests this occurred with little discussion. Single-sex versus mixed education was debated as part of Wiltshire education committee's re-organisation of the Trowbridge and Salisbury girls' high schools as mixed comprehensive schools. At Trowbridge, the headmistress raised questions that led the local authority to poll parents' views on single-sex versus mixed education. In Salisbury, two families appealed to the European Commission on Human Rights on the grounds that they had been denied freedom of choice to send their children to the city's single-sex grammar schools. In both cases, power relations of policy-making located debate about single-sex education secondary to other considerations and worked to erase the issue from the historical record. At Trowbridge, this was to the detriment of single-sex education, whereas at Salisbury it… [Direct]

Musau, Paul M. (2003). Linguistic Human Rights in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Indigenous Languages in Kenya. Language, Culture and Curriculum, v16 n2 p155-164. With reference to Kenya, the paper shows that although linguistic rights have been eloquently articulated in various charters and declarations, their implementation has been problematic. In Africa this has led to an imbalance of status between the former colonial languages and the indigenous ones. This imbalance is evident in the educational systems and in media practice. This state of affairs is attributed to lack of clear-cut democratic language policies, lack of programmes of policy implementation, negative attitudes towards indigenous languages and the complex language situation that obtains in many African countries. It is recommended that a guiding vision and a plan of action for implementing linguistic rights are necessary if linguistic justice is to prevail in Africa…. [Direct]

Butchart, Ronald E.; Rolleri, Amy F. (2004). Secondary Education and Emancipation: Secondary Schools for Freed Slaves in the American South, 1862-1875. Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education, v40 n1-2 p157-181 Apr. Slavery in the United States denied education to the enslaved. Yet within fifteen years of the beginning of the American Civil War and the freeing of four million American slaves, the freed people and their supporters elaborated a full system of universal education in the South, including over 120 secondary and higher institutions. Historians have overlooked black secondary education as a distinctive part of early black schooling. This article documents the competing ends of black secondary education during Reconstruction, the forms of secondary education that emerged during that period, and the curriculum and pedagogy of the schools. An appendix lists the schools of secondary and higher grade known to have been in operation by 1876…. [Direct]

Camp, William E., Ed.; And Others (1993). The Principal's Legal Handbook. The principal is faced with myriad legal issues on a daily basis, making it imperative that he or she keep abreast with developing legal issues. The first of four sections, \Students and the Law,\ surveys federal statutes and landmark Supreme Court decisions pertaining to the rights of students. It addresses legal issues regarding search and seizure, freedom of expression, dress codes, student discipline and due process, academic sanctions, and child abuse. Section 2, \Special Education and the Law,\ reviews legal issues involving disabled students, their parents, and schools in light of decisions of the Court and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Among issues addressed are eligibility and appropriate education; individualized education plans; transition for individuals with disabilities; discipline; related services, including school health services, physical and psychological therapy, transportation, and assistive technologies; infectious diseases; and barrier-free…

Patrick, John J. (1988). Teaching the Bill of Rights. ERIC Digest. This ERIC Digest on teaching about the Bill of Rights in the schools examines the status, the deficiencies, and means to improve citizenship education. Currently, the Bill of Rights is taught at least four times during the elementary and secondary grades. Constitutional rights and liberties are stressed in K-12 curriculum goals for social studies guides published by local school districts, state departments of education, and the National Assessment for Educational Progress. A thorough understanding of the Bill of Rights is necessary for responsible citizenship, but a variety of surveys of U.S. adults and high school students revealed that they are not retaining important knowledge, values, and attitudes about constitutional rights and liberties. The deficiencies that were noted in these surveys are: (1) ignorance of the content and meaning of the Bill of Rights; (2) civic intolerance in application of constitutional liberties and rights; (3) misunderstanding of the federal… [PDF]

Nyquist, Corinne (1981). Human Rights and Citizenship: A Community Resource Manual. Foreign Area Materials Center Occasional Publication 27. Human Rights Week (December 10-17) has been proclaimed by the U.S. President for a number of years because Bill of Rights Day (December 15) and Human Rights Day (December 10) are observed within a week's period. This comprehensive survey of resources for the study of human rights contains books, films, filmstrips, organizations, and learning activities. Section 1 provides contact groups for obtaining pamphlets and posters for publicizing Human Rights Week. Section 2 presents over 30 non-governmental and governmental U.S.-based organizations that may provide material and publications in the international human rights field. People and groups in the community who may be used as resources are described in section 3. Section 4 describes an exhibit relating human rights and gives instructions for setting up the exhibit. Section 5 outlines learning strategies that may be used in a classroom setting or in a community group. Section 6 is an annotated bibliography of the 10 most wanted books… [PDF]

Todorov, Karen; And Others (1981). Middle School Guide for Teaching about Human Rights. This is a middle school guide for teaching about human rights prepared for use in the Detroit, Michigan public schools. The guide presents a number of overall goals and specific objectives in the area of human rights. Each objective is paired with corresponding classroom activities and resource materials. Topics of study include equality of race, the interdependence of people, the need for mutual understanding, the role of the government in human rights, the impact of apathy in fostering inhumane conditions, the ways in which racism, sexism, and genocide develop, and the destructive effects of myths and stereotypes. (APM)…

Goldman, Alan H. (1979). Justice and Reverse Discrimination. Defining reverse discrimination as hiring or admissions decisions based on normally irrelevant criteria, this book develops principles of rights, compensation, and equal opportunity applicable to the reverse discrimination issue. The introduction defines the issue and discusses deductive and inductive methodology as applied to reverse discrimination. Part Two (Awarding Positions by Competence) examines desirable positions, rejection of alternative rules, and qualifications. Part Three (Compensation and the Past) studies the principle of compensation, group liability, individual competency, and the various levels of discrimination and compensation. Part Four (Equal Opportunity and the Future) examines utility and rights, and affirmative action. Among the conclusions are: those most competent for positions acquire the rights to those positions; hiring by competence was held preferable to such alternatives as random lotteries for fulfilling positions; strong reverse discrimination is…

COHEN, IRVING S. (1964). THE NEGRO IN AMERICAN HISTORY. THE STATED PURPOSE OF THIS CURRICULUM BULLETIN IS TO PROVIDE AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEGRO AS A PARTICIPANT IN THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES TO AID TEACHERS IN RECOGNIZING AND RESPONDING TO OPPORTUNITIES IN THE SCHOOL CURRICULUMS FOR GIVING INSTRUCTION ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF MINORITY GROUPS TO AMERICAN LIFE. IT SPECIFICALLY DEALS WITH SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL FORCES WITHIN THE NEGRO COMMUNITY AND THEIR IMPACT ON NATIONAL AND WORLD EVENTS, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE HISTORY OF NEGROES IN NEW YORK CITY. INFORMATION BASED ON THE CURRENT SCHOLARLY CONSENSUS IS OFFERED ON SLAVERY IN THE OLD WORLD, THE AFRICAN BACKGROUND OF SLAVERY, THE SLAVE TRADE, AND THE NEGRO IN LATIN AMERICA. THE BULK OF THE BULLETIN IS DEVOTED TO A HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN NEGRO FROM 1619 TO THE PRESENT. A BIBLIOGRAPHY LISTS GENERAL WORKS AND STUDIES RELEVANT TO EACH CHAPTER OF THE BULLETIN. THIS DOCUMENT IS ALSO AVAILABLE FROM BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, PUBLICATIONS SALES OFFICE, 110 LIVINGSTON ST.,… [PDF]

McCardle, Elizabeth, Ed. (1978). Human Rights: Respecting Our Differences, Teachers' Manual [And] Human Rights: Respecting Our Differences, Students' Manual. This unit on human rights designed for secondary students in Alberta, Canada includes both student and teacher manuals. Eleven chapters in the student manual examine what human rights are, the causes and effects of prejudice and discrimination, relevant laws, and social action. Each chapter includes readings followed by discussion questions and learning activities. Subjects discussed include male/female stereotyping, theories and consequences of prejudice, natives and other ethnic groups, the Individual Rights Protection Act of Alberta, the individual's rights and society, and social action. A separate section is devoted to the Hutterities, a minority group in Alberta who are often victims of prejudice. Learning activities include choosing a tenant for your house from six applicants, selecting advertisements which display sexual stereotyping, and examining cartoon stereotypes. Pre- and post opinion surveys are included in the student manual. The teachers' manual provides the…

Worton, Stanley N. (1975). Freedom of Religion. American Issues in Perspective: A Documentary Approach. The historical development of First Amendment freedoms and recent events refining their interpretation, particularly in regard to religious freedom, are presented in this first of a series of three books on the Bill of Rights. The book contains primary sources dealing with freedom of conscience and religious liberty from the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries with brief descriptive analyses and student study questions. Chapter one is an introduction to the issue of religious freedom. Chapters two and three describe the development of religious freedom up through the time of the writing of the Constitution. Chapters four and five examine how religious institutions and doctrines responded to new economic and social needs of society in the 19th and 20th centuries. Chapters six and seven provide selections from court cases in the 20th century defining religious expression and the relationship between the church and state. Other books in the series include \Freedom of Assembly and…

Nance, Elizabeth (1976). Great Issues in American History: A Compilation of Primary Sources Related to Issues That Have Occupied the Attention of the American People from Colonial Days to the Present. Oregon ASCD Curriculum Bulletin, Vol. 30, No. 333. This publication is a compilation of primary source materials related to issues that have occupied the attention of the American people from colonial days to the present. It is intended for use at the secondary level. A prologue contains creation stories and poems on the origins of the world and man. Documentation of the primary sources is provided. Five chapters treat specific time periods in U.S. history. The time periods covered include the European Colonization of North America, 1492-1700; Founding the New Nation, 1770-1800; Establishing the New Nation, 1800-1865; Reconstruction, Industrialism, and Imperialism, 1865-1912; and International Involvement, Social Change, and Liberation, 1912-1976. Each chapter presents a brief introduction, identifies five or six issues, and concludes with a bibliography of the sources of the primary materials. A general reading list concludes the publication. (Author/RM)… [PDF]

(1995). The Lesson Plan of the Month. Series 3. 10 Lesson Series. Focusing on current topics germane to law-related education (LRE), this guide features ten LRE lessons. As part of a series of lesson plans compiled by Phi Alpha Delta, this collection presents a lesson plan on current issues for each month of the school year. Intended for high school and middle school with adaptations for elementary school, the individual lessons focus on school violence, school prayer, gun control, stalking, media influences, balancing the budget, the meaning of character, nuclear proliferation, immigration, and the penal system. Each lesson plan provides a lesson description, objectives, key concepts and vocabulary, detailed steps for implementing the lesson, questions for class discussion, and suggestions for additional activities. The lessons also include handouts and other relevant teaching materials. (TSV)…

Maschke, Karen J., Ed. (1997). The Employment Context. The Impact of the Law on the Lives of Women. Gender and American Law Series, No. 3. This book contains the following 14 articles on the effects of law on women in the United States: \Protection of Women Workers and the Courts: A Legal Case History\ (Ann Corinne Hill); \Sexual Harassment and Race: A Legal Analysis of Discrimination\ (Judy Trent Ellis); \Comparable Worth: Is This a Theory for Black Workers?\ (Judy Scales-Trent); \Sexual Harassment: Its First Decade in Court\ (Catharine A. MacKinnon); \Comparable Worth: The Paradox of Technocratic Reform\ (Sara M. Evans, Barbara J. Nelson); \Conceptualizing Black Women's Employment Experiences\ (Cathy Scarborough); \Pluralist Myths and Powerless Men: The Ideology of Reasonableness in Sexual Harassment Law\ (Nancy S. Ehrenreich); \Sexist Speech in the Workplace\ (Marcy Strauss); \Women in the Workplace and Sex Discrimination Law: A Feminist Analysis of Federal Jurisprudence\ (Francis Carleton); \Sexual Harassment in the Military\ (Yxta Maya Murray); \Gender Bias in the Legal Profession: Women 'See' It, Men Don't\…

Hansen, Arthur A. (1996). The 1944 Nisei Draft at Heart Mountain, Wyoming: Its Relationship to the Historical Representation of the World War II Japanese American Evacuation. OAH Magazine of History, v10 n4 p48-60 Sum. Presents a lesson plan that not only illuminates a little-known incident in Asian American history but also questions how history is constructed and communicated. Provides an excellent historical account of the draft resistance movement within the Nisei internment camps during World War II. Includes handouts and discussion questions. (MJP)…

Sime, Luis (1994). Challenges to Popular and Human Rights Education: The Formation of Producer, Citizen, and Person. Journal of Moral Education, v23 n3 p305-14. Contends that popular, or a form of alternative, education stands in the background of most efforts in human rights education in Latin America. Maintains that education must educate people as producers, citizens, and individuals. Discusses challenges to this task in light of liberation theology and the Peruvian experience. (CFR)…

Wise, Edward M. (1994). Comparative Legal Services: An Analysis of the Delivery of Legal Services to the Poor in Nations around the World. Update on Law-Related Education, v18 n3 p47-51 Fall. Asserts that providing poor people equal access to law is a worldwide problem. Identifies and discusses three systems of legal aid services in nations throughout the world. Includes a vocabulary chart and a special section on justice in South Africa. (CFR)…

Teel, Steven C. (1998). Lessons on Judicial Interpretation: How Immigrants Takao Ozawa and Yick Wo Searched the Courts for a Place in America. OAH Magazine of History, v13 n1 p41-49 Fall. Presents two lessons designed to counter textbook images of minorities merely as victims, by introducing high school students to two federal court cases involving Asian immigrants' efforts to guarantee their rights. Includes lesson objectives, background on lesson organization, procedural outline, primary documents necessary for each lesson, and discussion questions. (DSK)…

(2006). Capital Construction Budget Recommendations and Prioritization, 2007-2009 Biennium for the Nebraska State College System, University of Nebraska, and Nebraska College of Technical Agriculture. Revision. Nebraska's Coordinating Commission for Postsecondary Education The Coordinating Commission for Postsecondary Education recognizes the importance of safe, functional, well-utilized, and well-maintained facilities in supporting institutional efforts to provide exemplary programs. This principle forms the basis for the Commission's capital construction budget recommendations and prioritization for the 2007-2009 biennium. A high proportion of the physical assets supported by state government are found on the campuses of public higher education institutions throughout Nebraska. To protect this considerable investment (about $2.1 billion for state-supported facilities), it is critical that institutions properly plan for the construction, efficient use, and maintenance of these facilities. The Commission has identified ongoing routine maintenance and deferred maintenance as two essential areas in which state and institutional funding are needed during the next biennium. Adequate funding in these areas would provide long-term cost savings that can be… [PDF]

Sugiyama, Takashi (2006). Gay and Lesbian Youth Research: An East Asian Perspective. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education, v3 n2-3 p119-120. As globalization proceeded, the rights of sexual minority groups have become one of the human rights that cannot be ignored. However, recognizing sexuality as a human right and promoting educational practices which affect human rights policies, have been implemented mainly in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Europe. For example, the establishment of Gay and Straight Alliances is uncommon in East Asia. What about research on LGBT youth and implementation of sexuality education in East Asian countries? D'Augelli and Grossman describe the current limitations on doing research on queer youth–even in countries where there has been a relatively long history of such work. The authors' point that educators must work to reduce the stigma of sexual orientation, paying greater attention to gender identity, is as important as the need for more types of research into their lives. People certainly need to do a better job thinking about their methodologies as they engage in this… [Direct]

Landa, Laura Garcia; Moore, Pauline; Terborg, Roland (2006). The Language Situation in Mexico. Current Issues in Language Planning, v7 n4 p415-518 Nov. This monograph will cover the language situation in Mexico; a linguistically very complex country with 62 recognised indigenous languages, the "de facto" official language, Spanish, and some immigrant languages of lesser importance. Throughout the monograph, we will concentrate on three distinct challenges which we consider relevant for Mexican language policy. The first area of interest is the challenge of the multilingual situation where there is conflict between Spanish and the indigenous languages, most of which are in danger of shift. This situation has many consequences both for education and for linguistic human rights. The second challenge that is discussed is that of foreign language teaching, which is a growing need in the Mexican education system, just as it is for any economically developing nation. In particular, English is in high demand at all levels of education; in turn, this development creates new demands for teaching staff. The third challenge dealt with… [Direct]

Zuhdi, Muhammad (2006). Modernization of Indonesian Islamic Schools' Curricula, 1945-2003. International Journal of Inclusive Education, v10 n4-5 p415-427 Jul. As the most populous Muslim country in the world, Indonesia has a unique experience in dealing with Islamic education, a system that was established years before the country's independence. This paper summarizes the development of Indonesian Islamic schools with special reference to their changing curricula. Using the social constructionist perspective as an approach, this research is trying to see the significance of political and social changes to the development of Islamic schools' curricula throughout the country's history. (Contains 2 notes.)… [Direct]

Donnelly, Mary Beth (2006). Educating Students about the Holocaust: A Survey of Teaching Practices. Social Education, v70 n1 p51-54 Jan-Feb. More than half a century has passed since the horrific events of the Holocaust took place, but images of the state-sponsored, systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany are no less shocking than they were 60 years ago. Any discussion of the Holocaust inevitably leads to questions not only of how and why this event occurred in the modern era but, more importantly, how the legacy of the Holocaust can continue to raise international awareness of human rights abuses and genocide. One way of achieving this awareness is by providing holocaust education to the nation's young people. While this objective has obtained widespread support, there has been an absence of reliable nationwide information on how the Holocaust is actually taught in U.S. schools. This article attempts to fill that gap by presenting the results of a yearlong study commissioned by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum of teaching practices in Holocaust education in the nation's… [Direct]

Bethea, Leslie L.; Thompson, Anne R. (1996). Student Affairs Staff Survey of Knowledge of Disability Laws and Recent Legal Decisions. Postsecondary Accommodations for Academic and Career Success. This document presents survey questions concerning rights of students with disabilities in postsecondary education and the responsibilities and rights of student affairs staff. The survey is intended to provide necessary information about disability laws and recent legal decisions in the context of the increased enrollment of students with disabilities in higher education and the increasing need for accommodations. The 26-item survey identifies the correct responses (from yes/no choices), offers a rationale for the correct response, and provides one or more references. The survey addresses: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Americans with Disabilities Act, suitable accommodations, limitations on required accommodations, liability of the individual student affairs staff member, access to student diagnostic information, admissions tests, safety considerations, student housing, preferred terminology, and accommodations for individuals with specific impairments…. [PDF]

(2005). Standards of Good Practice in the Employment of Full-Time Nontenure-Track Faculty. Item Number 36-0710. American Federation of Teachers In conjunction with efforts to make more widely known the trend towards decomposition of the tenure system in American colleges and universities, the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) has examined conditions of full-time nontenure track faculty, part-time/adjunct faculty, graduate employees and new categories of academic professional staff specialists. While acknowledging the need to scrutinize rising costs in light of rising tuition and tight budgets, AFT advocates that students are being subjected to overly large classes taught by underpaid, overworked and under-supported academic workers. In this document, AFT proposes standards of good practice in the employment of full-time nontenure-track faculty in four areas: (1) Compensation; (2) Professional Conditions and Voice; (3) Professional Responsibility and Support; and (4) Ensuring Full Rights for Full-Time Nontenure-Tack Faculty in their Union. (Contains 10 endnotes and 7 figures.) [This document was produced by AFT Higher… [PDF]

Pressey, James (2001). Campus Safety and the Deaf Community Working Together. PEPNet Tipsheet. PEPNet-Northeast If a campus has students who are deaf or hard of hearing, its Public Safety department needs to become aware of some basic information about deafness in order to serve those students well. Public Safety officers may interact with deaf students in a variety of situations: (1) Reporting a theft; (2) Emergency medical situations; (3) Reporting items lost or found; (4) Parking violations; and (5) Requests for services. This tipsheet provides some basic information about deafness and deaf culture. It is important to know that there is a difference in the degrees of deafness that people may have…. [PDF]