LaMorte, Michael W. (2002). School Law: Cases and Concepts. Seventh Edition. This book examines the sizable body of school law that outlines legally defensible decisions. A substantial part of it contains edited, reported, and verbatim decisions. Historical perspective is provided, as well as specific case and statutory law. Chapter 1 discusses sources of law for educators, state school board policies, attorneys-general opinions, and local school board policies. Chapter 2 examines the extent of a state's and local school system's authority. Chapter 3 considers student interests, including freedom of expression, discipline, privacy, appearance, pregnancy, and marriage. Chapter 4 examines teacher-related issues including nonrenewal and dismissal, freedom of expression, academic freedom, protesting, teacher bargaining, and political activities. Chapter 5 provides historical perspective for the issues of desegregation. Chapter 6 addresses the legal status of individuals with disabilities. Chapter 7 provides a historical perspective for legal attacks on the… [PDF]

La Morte, Michael W. (1996). School Law. Cases and Concepts. Fifth Edition. Public school educators are aware that courts, over the last several decades, have played a significant role in establishing educational policy. This text attempts to address important issues in school law with an emphasis on those having an impact at the school-building level. Chapter 1 offers an overview of the sources of law and the court system in educational governance. Chapter 2 examines the extent of the state's and local school system's authority when individuals disagree with educational policy. Chapter 3 presents material regarding student rights, including freedom of expression, suspension and expulsion, corporal punishment, student searches, dress and grooming, pregnancy, education of disabled students, and extracurricular activities. Chapter 4 examines such teacher-related issues as dismissal, freedom of expression, academic freedom, drug testing, dress, employment discrimination, teacher bargaining, and political activities. Chapters 5 and 6 provide a historical…

Ballard, Keith D. (1990). Special Education in New Zealand: Disability, Politics and Empowerment. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, v37 n2 p109-24. Recent changes in New Zealand educational administration are empowering parents to seek integration into mainstream classrooms for their children with disabilities. These changes include an emerging economic model of schools, the establishment of the right of all children to education in state schools, and recognition of the rights of Maori people. (Author/DB)…

(2007). Government Performance and Results Act Annual Report to the President and Congress, Fiscal Year 2006. National Council on Disability This report compares actual performance with the projected levels of performance set out in the National Council on Disability's (NCD's) annual performance plan. The findings of this report show a positive link between the allocated resources and NCD's performance. NCD's assessment review showed that it was successful in meeting its goals and achieving its intended results. NCD's FY 2006 activities promoted the full participation of people with disabilities in all areas of society by increasing access to assistive and universally designed technologies, expanding educational and employment opportunities, and promoting increased access into daily community life-the core of your New Freedom Initiative. These efforts were based on NCD's strategic goals: (1) Make evidence-based public policy recommendations that can enhance the lives of people with disabilities of all ages and backgrounds; (2) Educate the public and elected officials on disability issues; (3) Promote effective delivery… [PDF]

Daniel, Walter G.; Holden, John B. (1966). Ambrose Caliver: Adult Educator and Civil Servant. A major contributor to the field of adult education, Dr. Ambrose Caliver devoted much of his professional life to adult literacy. While this area continued to occupy his interest and best efforts, he also took an active role in such matters as displaced persons, human rights, public affairs, aging, and professional development of adult educators. Born in 1894, Caliver began his career as a high school principal in Tennessee. Before his death in 1962 he served in the following capacities: faculty member at Fisk University; specialist in the education of Negroes, United States Office of Education; organizer of the National Advisory Committee on the Education on Negroes; implementer of a number of national surveys, including the National Survey of Teacher Education, the National Secondary Education Survey, the National Survey of the Vocational and Educational Guidance of Negroes, and the National Survey of the Higher Education of Negroes; director of a number of workshops dealing with…

(1968). The Civil War and Reconstruction. Public Domain Edition. Grade Ten. Resource Unit IV. Project Social Studies. The tenth-grade resource unit, developed by the University of Minnesota's Project Social Studies, is the fourth in a series of six units on continuity and change in American civilization. The attempt to apply the egalitarian ideology of the Democratic Age to the Negro and the ramifications of this attempt upon the political system are analyzed. The Civil War is examined as a case study of a political system in times of crisis. The course is designed to teach attitudes and inquiry skills as well as generalizations and concepts. The inquiry approach to teaching is stressed. Preceding the main body of the unit are three sections on the following: 1) major historical points to be developed in the unit; 2) a list of unit objectives; and 3) content outline showing how different topics in American history can be used to teach the unit's major generalizations. The objectives, content, teaching procedures, and instructional materials to be used are specifically explained in the main body of… [PDF]

Andrias, Richard T. (1997). Seeking Justice for the Victim. Update on Law-Related Education, v21 n2 p22-23 Spr. Discusses the recent legislative, judicial, and executive efforts to advance the interests of the crime victim in the criminal process. These include victim impact statements, remuneration from felons, and victims' service agencies. National efforts include a proposed amendment to the Constitution supporting victims' rights. (MJP)…

Keeley, Elizabeth; Martin, Ralph C., II (1997). Defendants' Rights in Criminal Trials. Update on Law-Related Education, v21 n2 p24-25,28 Spr. Reviews the protections afforded by the Constitution for defendants in criminal trials. These include the right to a jury trial (in cases of possible incarceration), an impartial jury, and the requirement of a unanimous verdict. Defends the use of plea bargaining as essential to an efficient criminal justice system. (MJP)…

Purdy, Donald A., Jr. (1997). Seeking Justice in Federal Sentencing. Update on Law-Related Education, v21 n2 p31-35 Spr. Reviews the creation and accomplishments of the 1984 Comprehensive Crime Control Act. The legislation established the United States Sentencing Commission that works to eliminate unwarranted disparities in sentencing and has abolished parole at the federal level. Discusses how the guidelines work. (MJP)…

Quinlan, J. Michael (1997). Corrections, the Public Safety, and Offenders' Needs. Update on Law-Related Education, v21 n2 p36-38 Spr. Discusses the institutional mission and characteristics of local, state, and federal corrections facilities. Reviews the rights of prisoners and considers the interlocking components of a successful rehabilitation effort. Reports on future correctional issues such as in-house substance abuse programs and the aging of the prison population. (MJP)…

Carl, Ed.; Davis, James, Ed.; Guarneri (2008). Teaching American History in a Global Context. M.E. Sharpe Inc This comprehensive resource is an invaluable aid for adding a global dimension to students' understanding of American history. It includes a wide range of materials from scholarly articles and reports to original syllabi and ready-to-use lesson plans to guide teachers in enlarging the frame of introductory American history courses to an international view. The contributors include well-known American history scholars as well as ordinary classroom teachers, and the book's emphasis on immigration, race, and gender points to ways for teachers to integrate international and multicultural education, America in the World, and the World in America in their courses. The book also includes a "Views from Abroad" section that examines problems and strategies for teaching American history to foreign audiences or recent immigrants. A comprehensive, annotated guide directs teachers to additional print and online resources. This book contains five parts. Part I, Calls for Change,… [Direct]

Agezo, Clement Kwadzo; Davenport, Elizabeth K.; Sutton, Lenford (2006). Girls' Education in the United States and Ghana. International Journal of Educational Reform, v15 n2 p255-265 Spr. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan (2000) delivered a speech at the World Education Forum in Dakar, Senegal, stating that, of the 110 million children in the world who should be in school but are not, two-thirds are girls. The lack of equality is contrary to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948, in which governments committed to the right to a free education to everyone at the elementary level. For the worldwide female population, the denial of the right to a free education is a double blow. In their daily lives, girls are often denied the equal rights of men and women as proclaimed in the UN Charter, which means, for most of the world's women, a life of poverty. Today, as Ghana attempts to educate its female population, it is important to remember that just 50 years ago, as this nation struggled to make educational opportunities a reality for all children, American girls as well as Blacks and other minorities were also disenfranchised groups demanding educational… [Direct]

Rossow, Lawrence F.; Stefkovich, Jacqueline A. (1995). Search and Seizure in the Public Schools. Second Edition. NOLPE Monograph Series, No. 54. Search and seizure in the public schools has long been a problem for both school authorities and law-enforcement officers. Students have also been known to have been deprived of their constitutional rights. Much of the problem stems from a lack of clarity in the application of the Fourth Amendment to the school setting. This monograph was written to provide a clear understanding of the standards presented by the Supreme Court in "New Jersey v. T.L.O." as well as answers to the issues left unresolved by the decision. The monograph also suggests some practical ways of applying search-and-seizure law to situations in the school setting. Following the introduction, section 2 describes issues related to students' rights and the Fourth Amendment. Section 3 lays out the reasonableness standard proposed by the Supreme Court: the higher probable cause standard that police follow is unsuited to the school environment. A model for the application of search-and-seizure law called TIPS…

Ahearn, Kathy A.; And Others (1993). Guidelines for School Districts Regarding the Rights of Students under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. This memorandum to school administrators and other program directors in New York State summarizes guidelines regarding the rights of students with disabilities under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and its relation to Article 89 of New York's Education Law and the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Specific issues addressed include: provisions of Section 504 relating to elementary, middle, and secondary education; school board policies and procedures pursuant to Section 504; comparison of Section 504 and IDEA; Section 504 and the right to free appropriate public education (FAPE); establishing policies to address mandates under all three of these laws pertaining to FAPE for students with disabilities; procedures for children under Section 504 who do not require special education or related services; assessment teams; accommodation plans; due process; discipline of children with disabilities covered by Section 504; and access to nonacademic and… [PDF]

Kopania, Margaret; Watson, Joan Q. (1981). Know Your Laws. Polish. This Polish language version of "Know Your Laws" consists of 24 self-contained modules designed to acquaint the Florida adult student with laws she/he will meet in everyday life; fundamentals of local, state, and federal governments; and the criminal and juvenile justice systems. (The 130 objectives are categorized in the first three levels of the Cognitive Domain and parallel the Adult Performance Level competencies.) Rationale and terminal performance objectives are first presented. Each module may contain some or all of the following: objectives, vocabulary list with definitions, enabling activities, and handout(s). Topics covered include need for laws, driving laws and signs, voting, duties and responsibilities of citizens, consumer law, citizen rights, legal importance of name, need for lawyer, legal documents, social legislation, Florida police, local government, elected county government, state officials, Florida governor, Florida laws, how a bill becomes a law…

Karch, Hannelore; Watson, Joan Q. (1981). Know Your Laws. German. This German language version of "Know Your Laws" consists of 24 self-contained modules designed to acquaint the Florida adult student with laws she/he will meet in everyday life; fundamentals of local, state, and federal governments; and the criminal and juvenile justice systems. (The 130 objectives are categorized in the first three levels of the Cognitive Domain and parallel the Adult Performace Level competencies.) Rationale and terminal performance objective are first presented. Each module may contain some or all of the following: objectives, vocabulary list with definitions, enabling activities, and handout(s). Topics covered include need for laws, driving laws and signs, voting, duties and responsibilities of citizens, consumer law, citizen rights, legal importance of name, need for lawyer, legal documents, social legislation, Florida police, local government, elected county government, state officials, Florida governor, Florida laws, how a bill becomes a law (state… [PDF]

Sametz, Lynn; And Others (1981). Preservice Teachers' Responses to the \Survey of Children's Legal Rights\: Preliminary Analyses. Preservice teachers' knowledge of the law as it affects students was investigated. Forty-seven preservice teachers, most of whom were undergraduates affiliated with a college of physical education, completed a survey addressing: (1) child abuse; (2) freedom of speech and press; (3) suspension and expulsion from school; (4) corporal punishment; (5) juvenile court hearings; (6) special education decisions; (7) freedom of religion; (8) search and seizure; (9) divorce and child custody; (10) school vandalism; and (11) school attendance. Respondents were asked to estimate the legal correctness of statements based on short scenarios on each legal theme. Findings indicated that the preservice teachers needed increased understanding and knowledge of basic laws affecting students, particularly in the areas of special education and corporal punishment. They had more knowledge of technical juvenile court procedures and suspension and expulsion hearings than of their professional role in…

(1976). Student Rights and Responsibilities. Derechos y Responsabilidades de Estudiantes. Developed to enable teachers, counselors, and administrators in local school districts to provide Mexican American parents and students with needed information regarding student rights and responsibilities, this Spanish translation for the state of Washington provides general information concerning state regulations which school districts and students are mandated to fulfill. The information, also provided in English, covers the rules and regulations regarding school attendance; use of motor vehicles; detainment of pupils after the regular hours for dismissal; adoption of written rules by school district board of directors; constitutional and citizenry rights of students; expulsion, suspension, and readmission provisions; pupil disciplinary boards; delegation of authority to suspend or expel; expulsion or suspension hearings; and procedures for appealing action regarding discipline, suspension or expulsion. A brief forward in English is followed by a more extensive preface in… [PDF]

Bond, Jean, Comp. (1980). "You Can Be More": A Module to Help Students Understand Sex Equity. Addressed to teachers for use with students, this module contains material developed to encourage high school students to explore nontraditional education courses and become familiar with legal rights in schools and work. Preliminary materials include guidelines for effectively teaching about sex stereotyping, checklists, and list of definitions. Designed for use as part of the regular school class period or in a longer workshop setting, the four units are activity-oriented and can be used as special, separate activities or as a total unit plan. Each unit begins with a listing of objectives and a brief introduction and may contain informative material; material/ideas for bulletin boards and posters; activities detailing purpose, materials, and procedure; and worksheets/tests. The units deal with (1) overview of sex role stereotyping and the effects; (2) student's legal rights as created by legislation, specifically Title IX and Title II; (3) information about the world of work,…

(1973). Meeting the Challenges of School Board Leadership. The Report of a NSBA Summer Institute. (Hanover, New Hampshire, August 14-18, 1972.). Part One of this report is concerned with the problem of school finance and contains a proposal made by James Bryant Conant for full State funding of public education; a reaction to the proposal by Joseph Cronin; and a roundtable discussion on the subject. Five chapters in the second part explore recent rulings on the rights of staff and students, the need of a stronger voice for school boards in the nation's capital, the impact of the women's rights movement on the public schools, and the need for carefully planned policies to confirm the processes and procedures for collective bargaining in education. The third section presents two vigorous appeals for reform and for a humane response by public schools to the concerns, needs, and aspirations of the people. The presentation concludes with a summation of principles laid down at the conference. (Photographs may reproduce poorly.) (Author/JF)…

McClain, Paula D.; Stewart, Joseph, Jr. (1995). "Can We All Get Along?" Racial and Ethnic Minorities in American Politics. Dilemmas in American Politics Series. This book focuses on two dilemmas of American politics. The first, which dates back to the founding of the country, asks how the nation reconciles its professed democracy and the actual denial of basic rights and privileges to minorities, a dilemma of reality versus rhetoric. The second is the consideration of the strategy that minorities should use in dealing with other minorities and with the majority group. The book addresses the importance of race and ethnicity in American politics in general and in the politics of the four principal racial minorities: African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and Native Americans. These groups are distinguished from other minorities in that each has a history of discrimination and a later history of legal attempts to remedy the effects of it. Chapters include: (1) "America's Dilemmas"; (2) "Resources and Status of America's Racial Minorities"; (3) "America's Racial Minorities in the Contemporary Political System:…

Stevens, Lawrence (1996). The 1960s &'70s: Creative Activities for Teaching American History. Teacher's Guide. Revised. The activities in this manual explore some of the issues of the 1960s and 1970s that reflected changes in U.S. patterns of thought: minorities sought their share of the American pie; young people challenged established authority; massive protests erupted against the Vietnam War; political corruption was found in high office and a marked change occurred in American values. The activities emphasize student involvement and decision making. The contents includes: (1) "So You Want to be a Rock n' Roll Star"; (2) "How Have the 60s Affected You?"; (3) "The Tube"; (4) "The TV News"; (5) "Technology"; (6) "The Soda Fountain Caper"; (7) "Tinker vs. Des Moines"; (8) "Long Hair"; (9) "Who Should Get a Job?"; (10) "Life Style"; (11) "The Bay of Pigs"; (12) "The Gulf of Tonkin"; (13) "The Trial of Richard Nixon"; (14) "Riot"; and (15) "Think Small."…

Oldaker, Lawrence Lee (1992). Threats to Academic Freedom in Higher Education. This paper looks at the meaning of academic freedom and threats to that freedom in recent conflicts and legal rulings. The introduction calls academic freedom confusing and widely misunderstood and offers an historical and legal explanation of the concept as well as discussion of the traditional areas of conflict in instruction, research, promotion and tenure, and expression. A second section reviews how state and federal courts have traditionally proceeded and ruled in cases involving academic freedom. A third section looks at threats to academic freedom by an analysis of changes in higher education and society at large, the impact of the American Association of University Professors 1940 guidelines, and three recent rulings on the freedom of expression rights of high school and college students. The paper concludes that court decisions are weighted in favor of the institutions' academic freedom and that most of the educational decisions have been unfavorable to petitioning… [PDF]

Rapp, JoAnn M. (1994). The Federal Legislative Mandates of Services to the Special Needs Postsecondary Student and the Implications for Today's Professor. This paper reviews the past 30 years of federal legislation and case law regarding services for postsecondary students with special needs. It focuses upon the interpretation of law, implementation of regulations, and academic standards surrounding the fulfillment of both the letter and spirit of the law. The first section discusses early special education law or litigation, including the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965), the 1972 case of Pennsylvania Association for the Retarded versus Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the 1972 case of Mills versus Board of Education of the District of Columbia, and Public Law 94-142 (the Education for All Handicapped Children Act) in 1975, now reauthorized as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The second section reviews federal special education legislation impacting institutions of higher education, specifically Public Law 93-112 (the Rehabilitation Act of 1973), regulations for Section 504 of this Act, the 1979 case of… [PDF]

Lakes, Marsha K.; And Others (1995). Frontier Justice: Adaptations of Nevada's IDEA Complaint Investigation Process for Rural/Remote Areas. This paper describes the complaint investigation process for rural remote areas of Nevada as required by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Complaints are first filed with the Nevada Department of Education superintendent of public instruction. Complaints can be initiated by anyone and must state what regulations the public agency has violated and provide facts to support this claim. An independent on-site investigation is conducted by a team leader from the Special Education Branch who sends notification regarding the alleged violation to the agency involved, and selects an investigative team that could include university staff, parent advocates, and agency personnel. Team members are provided with appropriate materials to conduct the investigation such as IDEA regulations and various state codes. The team reviews written records that apply to the issue, interviews appropriate district staff, interviews the complainant, and then develops a written decision that… [PDF]

(1993). Nontraditional Employment Policy Package. This document contains the text and summaries of provisions, along with position papers on four pieces of federal legislation affecting nontraditional job opportunities for women: (1) Nontraditional Employment of Women Act; (2) Women in Apprenticeship Occupations and Nontraditional Occupations Act; (3) Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act; and (4) Women in Homebuilding Provision, Housing and Community Development Act of 1992. The position papers stress implementation of the legislation in ways that will most benefit women by giving them access to nontraditional jobs. (KC)…

Fehn, Bruce; Flowers, Lamont; Jones, Elsie (1997). "Why Is There So Much Hate in People's Hearts?": African-American Students Interpret the Integration Struggle in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957. This study represents an attempt to address a gap in the research knowledge regarding how African Americans respond when provided an opportunity to interpret, analyze, and evaluate significant historical episodes in the struggle against race-based oppression and for racial equality. The study reports on what happened when a class of 16 African-American high school students interpreted the struggle to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957. The study results, while tentative and preliminary, suggest African-American history powerfully sparked the interest and historical understanding of one class of African-American teenagers. The study was conducted with 16 subjects enrolled in an African-American history course at a large, urban high school in the midwest. Primary sources associated with the dramatic efforts to desegregate Central High School were presented to the students. The lesson plan employed in the study is provided in an appendix. (EH)… [PDF]

Degener, Theresia (1992). Personal Assistant Service Programs in Germany, Sweden and the USA. Differences and Similarities. This report compares personal assistance services to enable independent living for people with disabilities in Sweden, West Germany, and the United States. The report focuses on kinds of personal assistant services available, laws governing these services, the extent to which these services are met by each country's social security and welfare system, and how laws and services relate to the concept of independent living. After an introduction about personal assistance services in general, the second section looks at independent living movements in these three countries, and the third section at obstacles of comparing social welfare programs. The fourth section describes personal assistance services in Sweden and covers social security and welfare, social benefits for inhome personal assistance services, services relating to education and employment, administration and structure of programs, and evolution of the Swedish system of services. The following section looks at similar… [PDF]

Deane, Richard H. (1975). Affirmative Action–A New Impact. Journal of Rehabilitation, 41, 2, 23-5, Mar/Apr 75. Legal protection against employment discrimination is being provided for handicapped workers through the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 along with individual State laws. Successful affirmative action programs will require careful attention by rehabilitation professionals to guarantee proper utilization of the skills of the handicapped worker. (EA)…

Abrahamsson, Kenneth (1989). Next Step towards a Learning Society?–Impressions from the Boardwalk of Atlantic City. Impressions of Atlantic City can be used as an interesting case study for a discussion of the notion of a learning society and its survival in a policy-driven system like Sweden's and a market-influenced context such as Atlantic City. It would be interesting to draw a map of the different learning support systems that are available in various countries. It is a great challenge to analyze to what extent different societal contexts in the family, at work or at leisure, stimulate the curiosity and search for new knowledge. A majority of workplaces do not seem designed to enhance learning on the job and instead have a "low competence ceiling" and few expectations of individual initiatives. One's images of a learning society are greatly affected by the ideas, values, and economic motivation of different cultural and political systems. Atlantic City is an extreme outpost of a market-driven system with a very narrow-minded curriculum. The shortages of that learning context could… [PDF]