Karch, Hannelore; Watson, Joan Q. (1981). Know Your Laws. German. This German language version of "Know Your Laws" consists of 24 self-contained modules designed to acquaint the Florida adult student with laws she/he will meet in everyday life; fundamentals of local, state, and federal governments; and the criminal and juvenile justice systems. (The 130 objectives are categorized in the first three levels of the Cognitive Domain and parallel the Adult Performace Level competencies.) Rationale and terminal performance objective are first presented. Each module may contain some or all of the following: objectives, vocabulary list with definitions, enabling activities, and handout(s). Topics covered include need for laws, driving laws and signs, voting, duties and responsibilities of citizens, consumer law, citizen rights, legal importance of name, need for lawyer, legal documents, social legislation, Florida police, local government, elected county government, state officials, Florida governor, Florida laws, how a bill becomes a law (state… [PDF]

Sametz, Lynn; And Others (1981). Preservice Teachers' Responses to the \Survey of Children's Legal Rights\: Preliminary Analyses. Preservice teachers' knowledge of the law as it affects students was investigated. Forty-seven preservice teachers, most of whom were undergraduates affiliated with a college of physical education, completed a survey addressing: (1) child abuse; (2) freedom of speech and press; (3) suspension and expulsion from school; (4) corporal punishment; (5) juvenile court hearings; (6) special education decisions; (7) freedom of religion; (8) search and seizure; (9) divorce and child custody; (10) school vandalism; and (11) school attendance. Respondents were asked to estimate the legal correctness of statements based on short scenarios on each legal theme. Findings indicated that the preservice teachers needed increased understanding and knowledge of basic laws affecting students, particularly in the areas of special education and corporal punishment. They had more knowledge of technical juvenile court procedures and suspension and expulsion hearings than of their professional role in…

(1976). Student Rights and Responsibilities. Derechos y Responsabilidades de Estudiantes. Developed to enable teachers, counselors, and administrators in local school districts to provide Mexican American parents and students with needed information regarding student rights and responsibilities, this Spanish translation for the state of Washington provides general information concerning state regulations which school districts and students are mandated to fulfill. The information, also provided in English, covers the rules and regulations regarding school attendance; use of motor vehicles; detainment of pupils after the regular hours for dismissal; adoption of written rules by school district board of directors; constitutional and citizenry rights of students; expulsion, suspension, and readmission provisions; pupil disciplinary boards; delegation of authority to suspend or expel; expulsion or suspension hearings; and procedures for appealing action regarding discipline, suspension or expulsion. A brief forward in English is followed by a more extensive preface in… [PDF]

Bond, Jean, Comp. (1980). "You Can Be More": A Module to Help Students Understand Sex Equity. Addressed to teachers for use with students, this module contains material developed to encourage high school students to explore nontraditional education courses and become familiar with legal rights in schools and work. Preliminary materials include guidelines for effectively teaching about sex stereotyping, checklists, and list of definitions. Designed for use as part of the regular school class period or in a longer workshop setting, the four units are activity-oriented and can be used as special, separate activities or as a total unit plan. Each unit begins with a listing of objectives and a brief introduction and may contain informative material; material/ideas for bulletin boards and posters; activities detailing purpose, materials, and procedure; and worksheets/tests. The units deal with (1) overview of sex role stereotyping and the effects; (2) student's legal rights as created by legislation, specifically Title IX and Title II; (3) information about the world of work,…

(1973). Meeting the Challenges of School Board Leadership. The Report of a NSBA Summer Institute. (Hanover, New Hampshire, August 14-18, 1972.). Part One of this report is concerned with the problem of school finance and contains a proposal made by James Bryant Conant for full State funding of public education; a reaction to the proposal by Joseph Cronin; and a roundtable discussion on the subject. Five chapters in the second part explore recent rulings on the rights of staff and students, the need of a stronger voice for school boards in the nation's capital, the impact of the women's rights movement on the public schools, and the need for carefully planned policies to confirm the processes and procedures for collective bargaining in education. The third section presents two vigorous appeals for reform and for a humane response by public schools to the concerns, needs, and aspirations of the people. The presentation concludes with a summation of principles laid down at the conference. (Photographs may reproduce poorly.) (Author/JF)…

McClain, Paula D.; Stewart, Joseph, Jr. (1995). "Can We All Get Along?" Racial and Ethnic Minorities in American Politics. Dilemmas in American Politics Series. This book focuses on two dilemmas of American politics. The first, which dates back to the founding of the country, asks how the nation reconciles its professed democracy and the actual denial of basic rights and privileges to minorities, a dilemma of reality versus rhetoric. The second is the consideration of the strategy that minorities should use in dealing with other minorities and with the majority group. The book addresses the importance of race and ethnicity in American politics in general and in the politics of the four principal racial minorities: African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and Native Americans. These groups are distinguished from other minorities in that each has a history of discrimination and a later history of legal attempts to remedy the effects of it. Chapters include: (1) "America's Dilemmas"; (2) "Resources and Status of America's Racial Minorities"; (3) "America's Racial Minorities in the Contemporary Political System:…

Stevens, Lawrence (1996). The 1960s &'70s: Creative Activities for Teaching American History. Teacher's Guide. Revised. The activities in this manual explore some of the issues of the 1960s and 1970s that reflected changes in U.S. patterns of thought: minorities sought their share of the American pie; young people challenged established authority; massive protests erupted against the Vietnam War; political corruption was found in high office and a marked change occurred in American values. The activities emphasize student involvement and decision making. The contents includes: (1) "So You Want to be a Rock n' Roll Star"; (2) "How Have the 60s Affected You?"; (3) "The Tube"; (4) "The TV News"; (5) "Technology"; (6) "The Soda Fountain Caper"; (7) "Tinker vs. Des Moines"; (8) "Long Hair"; (9) "Who Should Get a Job?"; (10) "Life Style"; (11) "The Bay of Pigs"; (12) "The Gulf of Tonkin"; (13) "The Trial of Richard Nixon"; (14) "Riot"; and (15) "Think Small."…

Oldaker, Lawrence Lee (1992). Threats to Academic Freedom in Higher Education. This paper looks at the meaning of academic freedom and threats to that freedom in recent conflicts and legal rulings. The introduction calls academic freedom confusing and widely misunderstood and offers an historical and legal explanation of the concept as well as discussion of the traditional areas of conflict in instruction, research, promotion and tenure, and expression. A second section reviews how state and federal courts have traditionally proceeded and ruled in cases involving academic freedom. A third section looks at threats to academic freedom by an analysis of changes in higher education and society at large, the impact of the American Association of University Professors 1940 guidelines, and three recent rulings on the freedom of expression rights of high school and college students. The paper concludes that court decisions are weighted in favor of the institutions' academic freedom and that most of the educational decisions have been unfavorable to petitioning… [PDF]

Rapp, JoAnn M. (1994). The Federal Legislative Mandates of Services to the Special Needs Postsecondary Student and the Implications for Today's Professor. This paper reviews the past 30 years of federal legislation and case law regarding services for postsecondary students with special needs. It focuses upon the interpretation of law, implementation of regulations, and academic standards surrounding the fulfillment of both the letter and spirit of the law. The first section discusses early special education law or litigation, including the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965), the 1972 case of Pennsylvania Association for the Retarded versus Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the 1972 case of Mills versus Board of Education of the District of Columbia, and Public Law 94-142 (the Education for All Handicapped Children Act) in 1975, now reauthorized as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The second section reviews federal special education legislation impacting institutions of higher education, specifically Public Law 93-112 (the Rehabilitation Act of 1973), regulations for Section 504 of this Act, the 1979 case of… [PDF]

Lakes, Marsha K.; And Others (1995). Frontier Justice: Adaptations of Nevada's IDEA Complaint Investigation Process for Rural/Remote Areas. This paper describes the complaint investigation process for rural remote areas of Nevada as required by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Complaints are first filed with the Nevada Department of Education superintendent of public instruction. Complaints can be initiated by anyone and must state what regulations the public agency has violated and provide facts to support this claim. An independent on-site investigation is conducted by a team leader from the Special Education Branch who sends notification regarding the alleged violation to the agency involved, and selects an investigative team that could include university staff, parent advocates, and agency personnel. Team members are provided with appropriate materials to conduct the investigation such as IDEA regulations and various state codes. The team reviews written records that apply to the issue, interviews appropriate district staff, interviews the complainant, and then develops a written decision that… [PDF]

(1993). Nontraditional Employment Policy Package. This document contains the text and summaries of provisions, along with position papers on four pieces of federal legislation affecting nontraditional job opportunities for women: (1) Nontraditional Employment of Women Act; (2) Women in Apprenticeship Occupations and Nontraditional Occupations Act; (3) Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act; and (4) Women in Homebuilding Provision, Housing and Community Development Act of 1992. The position papers stress implementation of the legislation in ways that will most benefit women by giving them access to nontraditional jobs. (KC)…

Fehn, Bruce; Flowers, Lamont; Jones, Elsie (1997). "Why Is There So Much Hate in People's Hearts?": African-American Students Interpret the Integration Struggle in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957. This study represents an attempt to address a gap in the research knowledge regarding how African Americans respond when provided an opportunity to interpret, analyze, and evaluate significant historical episodes in the struggle against race-based oppression and for racial equality. The study reports on what happened when a class of 16 African-American high school students interpreted the struggle to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957. The study results, while tentative and preliminary, suggest African-American history powerfully sparked the interest and historical understanding of one class of African-American teenagers. The study was conducted with 16 subjects enrolled in an African-American history course at a large, urban high school in the midwest. Primary sources associated with the dramatic efforts to desegregate Central High School were presented to the students. The lesson plan employed in the study is provided in an appendix. (EH)… [PDF]

Degener, Theresia (1992). Personal Assistant Service Programs in Germany, Sweden and the USA. Differences and Similarities. This report compares personal assistance services to enable independent living for people with disabilities in Sweden, West Germany, and the United States. The report focuses on kinds of personal assistant services available, laws governing these services, the extent to which these services are met by each country's social security and welfare system, and how laws and services relate to the concept of independent living. After an introduction about personal assistance services in general, the second section looks at independent living movements in these three countries, and the third section at obstacles of comparing social welfare programs. The fourth section describes personal assistance services in Sweden and covers social security and welfare, social benefits for inhome personal assistance services, services relating to education and employment, administration and structure of programs, and evolution of the Swedish system of services. The following section looks at similar… [PDF]

Deane, Richard H. (1975). Affirmative Action–A New Impact. Journal of Rehabilitation, 41, 2, 23-5, Mar/Apr 75. Legal protection against employment discrimination is being provided for handicapped workers through the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 along with individual State laws. Successful affirmative action programs will require careful attention by rehabilitation professionals to guarantee proper utilization of the skills of the handicapped worker. (EA)…

Abrahamsson, Kenneth (1989). Next Step towards a Learning Society?–Impressions from the Boardwalk of Atlantic City. Impressions of Atlantic City can be used as an interesting case study for a discussion of the notion of a learning society and its survival in a policy-driven system like Sweden's and a market-influenced context such as Atlantic City. It would be interesting to draw a map of the different learning support systems that are available in various countries. It is a great challenge to analyze to what extent different societal contexts in the family, at work or at leisure, stimulate the curiosity and search for new knowledge. A majority of workplaces do not seem designed to enhance learning on the job and instead have a "low competence ceiling" and few expectations of individual initiatives. One's images of a learning society are greatly affected by the ideas, values, and economic motivation of different cultural and political systems. Atlantic City is an extreme outpost of a market-driven system with a very narrow-minded curriculum. The shortages of that learning context could… [PDF]

Lawton, Stephen B. (1986). Public, Private and Separate Schools in Ontario: Developing a New Social Contract for Education?. The government of Ontario announced in 1984 that it would begin to fund Catholic high schools in 1985. Prior to this announcement, Ontario had operated since the 1800s under a system that provided for the public funding of a dual system of Protestant and Catholic public elementary schools and a single system of nondenominational secondary schools. Since the majority of Ontario's residents were non-Catholic, this arrangement developed into a system of essentially nondenominational public elementary and secondary schools supplemented by alternative public, Catholic elementary schools and a scattering of private schools of various types. This system of alternatives is now being extended into secondary education. The change raises a number of legal and constitutional questions, however. This paper reviews the historical factors behind the creation and development of Ontario's public school system, examines the constitutional issues raised in relation to Canada's Constitution Act of 1867… [PDF]

Jones, Jerome B. (1986). The Black Superintendent and Court-Supervised Desegregation. The court-ordered desegregation plan under which the St. Louis (Missouri) Public School District has operated since 1983 has had a mixed reception and has suffered from inadequate funding. The desegregation effort began with the filing in 1972 of a class action suit alleging that operation of the schools was unconstitutionally discriminatory. After several court battles at district and appeals court levels, three separate but related plans were developed and approved: the Intradistrict Plan mandated forced integration of all city schools; the Vocational Education Plan allowed voluntary transfer of students among the city's and county's vocational high schools; and the Settlement Plan provided for other voluntary interdistrict transfers, magnet school program expansion, systemwide educational improvement, and special programs to improve all-black schools. All the plans involved monitoring by citizens' committees. This paper discusses the events leading up to the court-ordered plan,…

Innocenti, Mark S.; And Others (1987). Helping Parents To Be Informed Advocates for Their Handicapped Children: Planning Materials for Four Meetings To Provide Information and Support. Preschool Transition Project. The manual provides parent educators with guidelines for conducting a series of four 1-hour meetings to help parents of preschool handicapped children fulfill their role as their child's advocate. At the first meeting, information on tests and testing and on the Individualized Education Program process is presented. In the second meeting, parents are informed of the legal rights to which children receiving special services are entitled. At the third meeting, other parents of older handicapped children speak providing a parent perspective of special education services. In the fourth meeting, school district special education administrators give parents specific information about the school district and answer parents' questions. The manual also contains general suggestions for the meetings (e.g. send parents reminder notes, serve refreshments, and develop a parent handbook) and appendixes which include forms used by the Preschool Transition Project in Utah, a list of regional… [PDF]

Irvin, Larry K.; Singer, George S. (1984). Informed Consent for Intrusive Behavioral Treatments: Behavioral Treatment and Review System. Informed consent is required from a child's parent or guardian before use of some types of behavior modification for severe behavior problems, such as tantrums, self-abuse, aggression, stealing, destruction of property, etc. Behavior modification procedures that produce physical or psychological discomfort or pain require informed consent because they intrude on the person's body or mind. Both a legal and a practical definition of informed consent are offered, along with examples of informed consent used in special education settings. A legally valid consent must meet the three criteria of being voluntary, knowledgeable, and intelligent. An informed consent document should be completed by parents/guardians to give legal permission for educators to carry out an intrusive treatment. The document should include a description of the problem behavior, previous treatments, proposed treatment, risks of proposed treatment, type of data collected and data collection methods, expected…

(1989). Relating to Each Other. A Questionnaire for Students. A survey designed to examine some aspects of the day-to-day campus environment (for both men and women) is presented. Many people on campus have become increasingly concerned with subtle and obvious forms of sex-based discrimination, and often men and women have very different experiences, even when they study in the same classroom. Questionnaire items are designed to gather information about students' perceptions and experiences concerning the other sex. The 13 questions (plus space for comments and ideas) are as follows: What is your sex? What is your class standing? What is your race/ethnicity? Do any of the following behaviors apply to your personal definition of sexual harassment? Have you experienced any of the listed behaviors that might occur between male and female students? Do you avoid any of the following places because student behaviors there make you feel uncomfortable? What has been your response to inappropriate behavior from other students? Have you experienced any…

Bradford, Virginia M. (1988). Confusion in Education: Teachers' Issues Regarding Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in the Classroom. A discussion is presented on the problems and conflicts that arise over the question of admitting children with Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) to the school classroom. Legal, educational, and ethical questions are involved, including the applicability of federal statutes regarding the handicapped, the right to confidentiality, public safety, and health education. These issues are addressed through an examination of the literature on education, bioethics, and law. While common law guarantees the right to an education, the state may impose certain restrictions to protect public health. However, federal statutes regarding the handicapped provide HIV-infected children with access to regular classrooms, and privacy and confidentiality are safeguarded by federal statute. Drawing from commentary from 1981 to the persent, a sound structural basis for curriculum development for education on HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is considered. This includes suggestions for… [PDF]

Thomas, Frances S., Ed. (1984). The State of Black Michigan: 1984. Each of the eight chapters of this report on life conditions of blacks living in Michigan addresses a different issue. The chapter titles (and their authors) are as follows: (1) "A Demographic Overview of Blacks in Michigan" (Maxie C. Jackson, Jr.); (2) "The Economic Status of Blacks in Michigan" (Karl D. Gregory); (3) "Unemployment, Employment, and Training in Michigan" (Richard W. Thomas); (4) "Black Political Participation in Michigan" (Wilbur C. Rich); (5) "Black Crime in Michigan" (Homer C. Hawkins); (6) "Black Youth in Michigan" (Algea Othella Harrison); (7) "The Media in Michigan" (Gilbert A. Maddox); and (8) "Summary and Conclusions: Racial Disparities Persist in Michigan" (Joe T. Darden). The concluding chapter, which analyzes general findings, asserts that the socioeconomic gap between blacks and whites in Michigan remains wide, and that true black progress will remain impossible to attain as…

Hollinger, Judith A., Ed. (1984). Legal Guide for Senior Citizens: Laws and Programs Affecting Kansas Senior Citizens. This booklet is intended to inform (not advise) older Kansans about eligibility requirements and benefits provided by state and federal programs. Financial assistance programs discussed are Social Security, railroad retirements, veterans' benefits, unrestricted general assistance, Employee Retirement Income Security Act, food stamps, Low Income Energy Assistance, and weatherization. Health care programs outlined include Medicare, Medicaid, veterans' benefits, private insurance, Hill-Burton funds, and senior dental care. Housing information is provided about renting, public and private subsidized housing, homesharing, Continuing Care Retirement Community, extended family, nursing homes, alternatives to nursing home placement, and multi-purpose senior centers. Tax relief programs described are food sales tax refunds, homestead tax refunds, intangibles tax exemption, and federal tax benefits, credits, and refunds. Consumer topics addressed are deceptive and unconscionable practices,…

Hollinger, Judith A. (1984). Guia Legal para Ciudadanos Envejeciente: Leyes y Programas Afectando los Ciudadanos Envejeciente de Kansas. (Legal Guide for Senior Citizens: Laws and Programs Affecting Kansas Senior Citizens). This booklet, translated into Spanish, is intended to inform (not advise) older Kansans about eligibility requirements and benefits provided by state and federal programs. Financial assistance programs discussed are Social Security, railroad retirements, veterans' benefits, unrestricted general assistance, Employee Retirement Income Security Act, food stamps, Low Income Energy Assistance, and weatherization. Health care programs outlined include Medicare, Medicaid, veterans' benefits, private insurance, Hill-Burton funds, and senior dental care. Housing information is provided about renting, public and private subsidized housing, homesharing, Continuing Care Retirement Community, extended family, nursing homes, alternatives to nursing home placement, and multi-purpose senior centers. Tax relief programs described are food sales tax refunds, homestead tax refunds, intangibles tax exemption, and federal tax benefits, credits, and refunds. Consumer topics addressed are deceptive and…

Schumack, Sharon, Ed. (1987). The Educational Rights of Homeless Children. NEWSNOTES, n38 Sep. This newsletter focuses on the educational rights of the homeless. It contains the following articles: (1) Homelessness: A Barrier to Education for Thousands of Children; (2) New Federal Act Protects Education Rights of Homeless Children; (3) Suggested Questions Regarding the Education Provisions of the McKinney Homeless Assistance Act; and (4) Advocates in New York Challenge Denial of Education to Homeless Children. The extent of homelessness and its effect on children are discussed. Research has indicated that 43% of homeless children do not attend school, and that among the reasons are families' inability to meet residency requirements or to provide the schools with the necessary records, and lack of transportation. There are also indications that the homeless children are not made welcome in the schools. (PS)… [PDF]

(1977). The White House Conference on Handicapped Individuals: Volume II. Final Report. Part A. May 23-27, 1977. The three-part final report documents recommendations and resolutions and summarizes the work of more than 700 delegates to the White House Conference on Handicapped Individuals, May 23-27, 1977, in Washington, D.C. It is emphasized that the primary purpose of the conference was to give persons with mental and/or physical disabilities an opportunity to voice their concerns and vote on recommended solutions to problems. Part A outlines the history and process of the conference. Recommendations and resolutions are summarized under the following headings: health, educational, social, economic, special, and miscellaneous concerns. Open forums, caucuses, and seminars are described. Special interest sections address disabled nonwhites, disabled women, disabled veterans, disabled Hispanic individuals, information resources, coordination, long-term care, disability law, mental health, and epilepsy. An alternative conference report is presented. (DB)…

Johnson, T. Page, Ed. (1978). Administrative Control of Student Publications. A Legal Memorandum. This paper analyzes the present state of the law and offers some suggestions for school officials who seek to update their school regulations concerning student publications. It examines court cases in such areas as restrictions on the time, place, and manner in which students can distribute publications; prior restraint or censorship of materials; vagueness of regulations; and publications sponsored by the school and publications not sponsored by the school. The trend of federal court decisions has been to expand the applications of First Amendment freedoms to the publications of secondary school students, but whether this trend will continue depends at least in part on the willingness of school officials to seek out broader and more acceptable bases for resisting the directions taken by the courts where they believe that the courts are going too far. (Author/IRT)…

Brown, Frank (1978). The Burger Court and School Integration, 1978: The End of the Second Reconstruction Period, 1954-1974. The United States Supreme Court's attitude toward school integration is analyzed in this paper. The liberal rulings of the Court under Justice Earl Warren are traced through 1974. The Court's consideration during this racist period and the disproportionate impact of school board policies in producing segregated schooling is detailed. The reversal of these policies by the Court under Justice Warren Burger is discussed. It is asserted that the Burger Court has effectively limited court ordered school integration to the neighborhood concept. In addition, it is pointed out that the Burger Court is making it more difficult to bring suit in Federal court and to obtain legal council in cases relating to segregated schools. Strategies are suggested to counter the present negative attitudes of the Burger Court toward school integration. (Author/GC)…

(1980). European Regional Seminar on Implementation of the UNESCO Recommendation Concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education Relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Sofia, Bulgaria, 15-20 October 1979). Final Report. This document is the final report of the Unesco seminar on international understanding. The major purposes of the seminar were twofold: (1) to evaluate implementation of human rights and peace-related recommendations within Unesco member nations since 1974 and (2) to suggest how to develop and implement more effective human rights/international understanding approaches in the context of traditional and out-of-school education. The seminar was attended by 21 educational experts from 15 Unesco member nations and by 14 observers from Bulgaria. Presentation of status reports from the 15 nations represented at the seminar indicated that member states had been successful in implementing the 1974 recommendations in various ways, particularly in the areas of promoting the study of world issues and concentrating on helping young people think rationally about social and political issues. Suggestions for making education for international understanding and peace even more effective in the…

Taylor, J. Rodney (1976). To Search or Not to Search!. Constitutional guarantees, as provided by the Bill of Rights, are enjoyed by all citizens. This principle applies no less to students with respect to their college or university domicile. Case law on this subject suggests that three questions must be answered to determine the reasonableness of residence searching: (1) by whom the search is conducted; (2) the specific reasonable cause precipitating a search; and (3) the circumstances under which evidence of unlawful activity is found. Careful and thoughtful consideration of the basic principles of search and seizure can help in avoiding legal difficulties and infringement of student rights. (Author/KA)…