Rothstein, Laura F. (1997). Disability Discrimination in Higher Education: A Review of the 1995 Judicial Decisions. Journal of College and University Law, v23 n3 p475-87 Win. Reviews 1995 court litigation concerning disability discrimination in colleges and universities. Cases involved student issues ("otherwise qualified" for admission or readmission, reasonable accommodations), mental health histories, employment issues, and medical education. Highlights troublesome issues currently faced by colleges and universities and some that are predicted for the future. (MSE)…

Totten, Samuel (1997). A Note: Why Teach about the Holocaust?. Canadian Social Studies, v31 n4 p176-77,180 Sum. Explicates a rationale for, and several approaches to, teaching about the Holocaust. Some insights to be gained include the value and necessity of democratic institutions; understanding the ramifications of prejudice, racism, and stereotyping; and the responsibilities of individuals and organizations when faced with abuses of power. (MJP)…

Healy, Patrick (1997). States Consider Desegregation Plans Amid Uncertainty Over Federal Goals. Chronicle of Higher Education, v43 n24 pA31-A32 Feb 21. Frustrated by the federal government's new approach to desegregation of public colleges, states are taking steps to help more minority students persist and succeed in higher education. Conflicting court rulings over race-conscious desegregation remedies have added to the confusion. The most extensive state proposals are in Maryland, where public funds will enhance black colleges and enforce retention goals. (MSE)…

Shokraii, Nina (1996). Free at Last. Black America Signs Up for School Choice. Policy Review, n80 p20-26 Nov-Dec. Examines the change in black attitudes towards a greater acceptance of school vouchers, charter schools, and other reforms that offer alternatives to the dismal prospects inherent in attending urban public schools. Describes examples of the school choice movement in action and discusses the reasons blacks have begun embracing it. (GR)…

Fox, Christine (2003). No Place for Girls? Gender, Ethnicity and Citizenship Education in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Compare, v33 n3 p401-12 Sep. Argues that citizenship education in Laos' national curriculum is contradictory and problematic. Notes that this curriculum excludes the rights or practice of ethnic minority cultures and languages. Discusses implications for girls and minority groups participation in the wider society. Asks general questions about implications for gender and ethnicity education policy. (CAJ)…

Furstenberg, Frank F., Jr. (1997). State-Family Alliances and Children's Welfare: A Research Agenda. Childhood: A Global Journal of Child Research, v4 n2 p183-92 May. Examines the American prototype of proper balance between family and state in terms of their responsibility for the cultivation of potential in children, and contrasts it with an alternative European model. Proposes an agenda of comparative research that explores the relationship between state and kinship systems and the direct or indirect impact on children. (AA)…

Repa, Barbara Kate (1990). The First Amendment Finds a New Battleground: The Classroom. Social Education, v54 n6 p354-55 Oct. Sketches recent struggles over censorship and student publications, beginning with the Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier case. Argues the flurry of litigation concerning First Amendment rights necessitates including these concerns in social studies courses. (CH)…

Giddings, Paula J. (1990). A Legacy of the 60s: Education, Race, and Reality. Change, v22 n2 p10-17 Mar-Apr. A Black woman who came of age in the 1960s discusses her distrust of educational institutions, including Black institutions. She claims that they avoided issues of race, and it wasn't until the call of Black Power that an era of pluralism was initiated. Black feminist scholars are seen to have been undermined. (MLW)…

Taylor, Susan H. (1989). The Case for Comparable Worth. Journal of Social Issues, v45 n4 p23-37. Argues that comparable worth is a necessary and feasible remedy for the systematic, sex-related pay inequities found in contemporary work situations. Discusses equal opportunity legislation and its effects on conventional compensation practices. Discusses the simplicity of implementing comparable worth. Refutes arguments against its necessity and feasibility. (JS)…

Mueller, Jean West; Schamel, Wynell Burroughs (1988). No Religious Test: A Letter to Candidate John F. Kennedy. Social Education, v52 n7 p507-09 Nov-Dec. Provides background material for teaching Article Four of the United States Constitution. Suggests activities using primary documents in order to teach lessons on religious tests. The document chosen is a letter to John F. Kennedy from a citizen written in September 1960. Document may be reproduced for use in the classroom. (KO)…

(1989). Fact File: Higher Education Funds Requested in Fiscal 1990 Budget. Chronicle of Higher Education, v35 n19 pA23 Jan 18. Requests for federal aid from the Department of Education and other agencies are tabulated by category and are compared with actual fiscal 1988 budgets and estimated fiscal 1989 figures. (MSE)…

Stromquist, Nelly P. (1995). Romancing the State: Gender and Power in Education. Presidential Address. Comparative Education Review, v39 n4 p423-54 Nov. Inspired by idealistic beliefs in the state's benign, just nature, women seeking to influence public policies on gender issues have tended to rely on gentle persuasion. Similarly, feminists have failed to realize the true importance of schools as the state's ideological agents supporting the status quo and requiring major transformation of power relations, not just increased access for women. (SV)…

Vergon, Charles B. (1994). Brown at the Threshold of the 21st Century: Enduring or Withering Legacy?. Journal of Negro Education, v63 n3 p482-500 Sum. Assesses the legacy of Brown v Board of Education and suggests the role and impact of this ruling on the future of American education and society at large. It concludes with a discussion of the lessons that school officials and advocates of integration and educational equality should keep in mind in their planning for the 21st century. (GR)…

Miller, Lamar P. (1995). Tracking the Progress of "Brown.". Teachers College Record, v96 n4 p609-13 Sum. Since 1954, the force of law has been required to achieve much of America's school desegregation. Though "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas" (1954) provided a legal basis for equal education, many inequalities still exist. In order to fulfill "Brown"'s mandate, the education community must accept its leadership responsibility. (SM)…

Rudder, Charles F. (1991). Ethics and Educational Administration: Are Ethical Policies "Ethical"?. Educational Theory, v41 n1 p75-88 Win. Contends that sound professional judgment and conduct depend upon sound ethical judgment and conduct. The article examines ethics and professional judgment from the perspective of making ethical executive and administrative decisions rather than of classroom instruction and evaluation. Steps toward making educational practice more rational and humane are discussed. (SM)…

Loewen, James W. (1991). Teaching Race Relations from Feature Films. Teaching Sociology, v19 n1 p82-86 Jan. Teaches race relations to college students using visual materials. Uses three films, "Gone with the Wind,""Mississippi Burning," and "The White Dawn," to illustrate how films depict history inaccurately and to help students unlearn false images. Includes questions for classroom discussion of U.S. racist culture. (NL)…

Monk, Linda R. (1990). Democracy and Rights. Update on Law-Related Education, v14 n3 p9-11 Fall. Outlines activities designed to help students understand the conflicting and complementary relationships between a democratic government and individual rights. Topics include majority rule and minority rights conflicts; limitations placed on majority rule; the U.S. Bill of Rights; and whether protection of individual rights is necessary to good government. Includes two student handouts. (NL)…

Massey, Walter E. (1999). From Colored People to People of Color. Presidency, v2 n2 p14-21 Spr. The president of a historically black college provides his personal perspective on the evolution of race and affirmative action issues in higher education in the United States within the context of broader social change and activism. Continuing problems and successes in the movement toward cultural diversity in higher education are examined. (MSE)…

Isaacs, Madelyn L; Stone, Carolyn (1999). School Counselors and Confidentiality: Factors Affecting Professional Choices. Professional School Counseling, v2 n4 p258-66 Apr. Counselors who work with children regularly face the ethical dilemma of confidentiality for which there are few definitive answers. Confidentiality and Minors Questionnaire about managing student's confidential information was distributed to district guidance supervisors. It appears that counselors' judgment of what breaches confidentiality is determined in part by degree of dangerousness of perceived behavior, but ambivalence grows as students get older. (Author/JDM)…

McCarthy, Martha M.; Webb, L. Dean (2000). Legal Principles in Preventing and Responding to School Violence. NASSP Bulletin, v84 n614 p32-45 Mar. School administrators are challenged to maintain the delicate balance between protecting individuals' rights and ensuring the general welfare by maintaining a safe, secure learning environment. Legal principles and precedents governing restrictions on student appearance, privacy and procedural rights, harassment and hate crimes, and suicide are discussed. (Contains 50 references.) (MLH)…

O'Brien, Robert J. (1997). Persecution and Acceptance: The Strange History of Discrimination against Married Women Teachers in West Virginia. West Virginia History, v56 p56-75. In 1911, West Virginia teacher Hallie James was fired because she married. In 1914, the West Virginia Supreme Court ruled that marriage was not grounds for her contract revocation. Nevertheless, school boards continued to enforce policies discriminating against married women until 1943, and similar policies concerning pregnancy were enforced well into the 1960s. Includes a map, data table, and references. (TD)…

Garcia, Ofelia (1993). From Goya Portraits to Goya Beans: Elite Traditions and Popular Streams in U.S. Spanish Language Policy. Southwest Journal of Linguistics, v12 n1-2 p69-86. Identifies the unwritten Spanish language policy in the United States by historically analyzing the different roles that Spanish has had throughout U.S. history. The paper shows how Spanish has been used for the benefit of the Spanish- and English-speaking elite but restricted (or forbidden) as a socioeconomic tool and symbol of identity for less fortunate U.S. Latinos. (Author/SM)…

Viteritti, Joseph P. (2002). Will the Supreme Court's Decision in Zelman End the Debate?. Education Next, v2 n2 p24-33 Sum. Describes the facts and legal basis of federal court decisions in "Zelman v. Simmons-Harris," a case before the U.S. Supreme Court to determine if Cleveland's school voucher program violates the Establish Clause. Discusses the possible educational, legal, and political consequences of the Court's decision. (On June 27, 2002, the Supreme Court ruled that Cleveland's voucher program is constitutional.) (PKP)…

Lowery, John Wesley (2004). Understanding the Legal Protections and Limitations upon Religion and Spiritual Expression on Campus. College Student Affairs Journal, v23 n2 p146-157 Spr. When considering the issues associated with addressing faith, spirituality, and religion on campus, it is important for student affairs professionals, especially those at public colleges and universities, to be cognizant of the associated legal issues. The Constitution protects the freedom of religious exercise and against the establishment of religion by the government or its agents. Common issues faced by student affairs professionals include those associated with prayer on campus as well as the official recognition of student religious groups and their access to university resources…. [PDF] [Direct]

Kepenekci, Yasemin Karaman (2005). A Study of Effectiveness of Human Rights Education in Turkey. Journal of Peace Education, v2 n1 p53-68 Mar. The aim of the research is to examine the effectiveness of Civics and Human Rights Education courses taught in primary schools in Turkey. The criteria for the effectiveness of the courses are determined as "content", "educational activities", "teaching methods", "educational materials", and "evaluation of students". A total of 71 teachers teaching these courses participated in the study. The opinions of the teachers for the effectiveness of the courses were gathered by 12 open-ended questions. Content analysis method was used to analyse the views of the teachers. To conclude, more than half of the teachers think that the courses are not effective due to having mainly an informative purpose. (Contains 1 table.)… [Direct]

Buie, Mary E. (2005). Circumcision: The Good, the Bad and American Values. American Journal of Health Education, v36 n2 p102-108 Mar-Apr. National statistics estimate that 1.2 million newborn males are circumcised annually in the United States (70% to 80%). Such values as sanctity, equity, fraternity, paternity and liberty affect circumcision rates in America. The value of sanctity allows freedom of religious beliefs and traditions that often overcome medical impetus in decision-making with regard to circumcision. A lack in the value of equity allows socioeconomic status and cost to impact whether or not babies are circumcised. The value of fraternity allows individual and population benefits through decreased urinary tract infections and decreased sexually transmitted infection transmission. The value of paternity allows the attempt to protect newborn males, an effort inherent with risk. Circumcision is an elective surgery, and the value of liberty continues to allow Americans to determine their own stance and action regarding circumcision. The use of this procedure must be evaluated on an individual basis. Unbiased,… [PDF] [PDF]

Thompson, Karen (2003). Contingent Faculty and Student Learning: Welcome to the Strativersity. New Directions for Higher Education, n123 p41-47 Fall. If we deconstruct the university–and set aside the trendy rhetoric of a multiversity–are we not actually approaching a \strativersity,\ a hierarchy of teaching that imposes a hierarchy of learning? In this article, the author discusses the ways in which typical contingent working conditions may undermine student learning conditions. Highlighted here are the issues of (1) faculty (in)accessibility; (2) inadequate student advising; (3) shortchanging in the classroom; (4) professional development; (5) collegial involvement; (6) workforce stability; (7) pay and benefits; (8) academic freedom; (9) faculty governance; and (10) and due process protections. Conditions of employment that would contribute to improved student learning are discussed…. [Direct]

Campbell, Gregorgy R.; Foor, Thomas A. (2004). Entering Sacred Landscapes: Cultural Expectations versus Legal Realities in the Northwestern Plains. Great Plains Quarterly, v24 n3 p163-183 Sum. Sacred and cultural geography is a universal feature of indigenous religious practices across Native North America. However, in a growing number of cases, conflicts have developed between Native North American religious practitioners and land-managing federal agencies. The contentious situations often come down to Indian peoples struggling to reassert their religious rights within an environment of "due process, federal and state statutes, and administrative policies." Here we take a case study, the Big Horn Medicine Wheel, and examine the problem of weighing a value system based on inextricably associating a spiritual world and physical geography against a system that inherently separates the two…. [Direct]

Rose, Deborah F.; Smith, Barbara J. (1994). Providing Public Education Services to Young Children with Disabilities in Community-Based Programs: Who's Responsible for What? Policy and Practice in Early Childhood Special Education Series. As public school personnel struggle to provide preschool-age children with disabilities with high quality, normalized or inclusive preschool experiences, there is an increased need for collaboration with community-based early childhood providers. This paper addresses the federal legal requirements for public school, Head Start, and community-based early childhood personnel, as well as the rights of parents related particularly to public education services to young children (ages 3-5) with disabilities in community-based programs. Three federal laws are reviewed: the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, the Head Start Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. The legal responsibilities of public school personnel, child care providers, Head Start grantees, and parents are specifically discussed for the following areas: (1) individualized educational placements, (2) eligibility, (3) supervision of service delivery, and (4) financial responsibility. The paper concludes that… [PDF]

Swalls, Fred; And Others (1980). Legal Rights and Responsibilities of Indiana Teachers. Fourth Edition. Intended as a handbook for school administrators and teachers and as a textbook for graduate and undergraduate level education courses, this book covers the current status of law affecting Indiana teachers as defined in statutes and interpreted by the courts. The first of nine chapters discusses the legal foundations of education in Indiana, including the state constitution, the roles of the legislature and the courts, and the state and local organization of education. Chapter 2 covers the teacher's authority as it relates to student rights, and chapter 3 focuses on liability for pupil injury. Contracts for teachers and administrators, teachers' salaries, and collective bargaining are the main issues in the fourth chapter, the fifth looks at teacher tenure, and the sixth discusses teacher retirement. Chapter 7 considers the application of the law to student teachers. The eighth chapter analyzes the legal ramifications of special education. The final chapter concentrates on the…