van Heerden, Joan Pamela (1994). Are They a Lost Generation?. Multicultural Teaching, v12 n3 p14-16 Sum. Many young South Africans sacrificed their educational aspirations, even though limited, in pursuit of social and political goals. Reclaiming this generation that was lost to education so that they can be productive citizens in a democracy is discussed. Vocational training in particular is required. (SLD)…

Hernandez, Wendy (1994). The Constitutionality of Racially Restrictive Organizations within the University Setting. Journal of College and University Law, v21 n2 p429-53 Fall. This article discusses the constitutionality of racially restrictive student clubs and organizations at colleges and universities, focusing on the recent proliferation of such groups, the laws and legal standards that apply to such campus groups, and recommendations to university administrators concerning racially restrictive organizations. (MDM)…

Gremmo, Marie-Jose; Riley, Philip (1995). Autonomy, Self-Direction, and Self Access in Language Teaching and Learning: The History of an Idea. System, v23 n2 p151-64 May. Identifies the ideas influencing the rise of autonomy and self-direction in educational milieus. Also discussed are the background of minority rights movements, shifts in educational philosophy, reactions against behaviorism, and wider access to education. Research into learning strategies has contributed directly to these changes. (73 references) (Author/CK)…

DiScala, Jeannette; And Others (1992). College and University Responses to the Emotionally or Mentally Impaired Student. Journal of College and University Law, v19 n1 p17-33 Sum. The impact of a college administrator's decision that imposes conditions on enrollment of an emotionally or mentally impaired student is examined in the context of constitutional and federal law, including Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The school's responsibility in such cases is discussed including providing the student with notice and a hearing before exclusion. (MSE)…

Paltrow, Lynn M. (1991). Perspective of a Reproductive Rights Attorney. Future of Children, v1 n1 p85-92 Spr. Addresses the issue of drug-exposed infants from the perspective of a reproductive rights attorney. States genuinely interested in promoting healthy children will stop ignoring women or treating them as potential child abusers and will change the current punitive legal focus to a focus on treatment. (SLD)…

Katayama, Mary (1990). Doing the Right Thing: The Critical Role of Students in the Tenure Campaign. Amerasia Journal, v16 n1 p109-17. Describes the role of university students in professor D. Nakanishi's three-year battle for tenure at the University of California Los Angeles. Details the development and importance of a plan, outreach, and networking; and describes the campaign's connection with larger issues of justice and equal representation for Asian Pacific Americans. (JB)…

White, Aaronette M. (1994). A Course in the Psychology of Oppression: A Different Approach to Teaching about Diversity. Teaching of Psychology, v21 n1 p17-23 Feb. Presents a description of an undergraduate course, "Psychology of Oppression." Maintains that the course teaches an understanding of the factors that undermine the appreciation of multiculturalism and other forms of societal diversity. (CFR)…

Wilson, Le Von E. (1992). Affirmative Action: The Future of Race Based Preferences in Hiring. Western Journal of Black Studies, v16 n4 p173-79 Win. Reviews and analyzes the legal development and current status of affirmative action. Traces the aftermath of the Brown versus Board of Education case, the benign discrimination doctrine, the impact of the City of Richmond versus Croson in minority set-asides in Virginia, and the strict scrutiny standard. (JB)…

Reddy, Priscilla; Swart, Dehran (1999). Establishing Networks for Health Promoting Schools in South Africa. Journal of School Health, v69 n2 p47-50 Feb. Apartheid policies adversely affected the health and social status of South African children. South Africa adopted the conceptual framework of the health promoting schools network (HPSN) to address school health comprehensively. The HPSN emphasizes school environment, community involvement, policy development, and appropriate health and social services. This paper examines perceived barriers to establishing a HPSN and strategies to overcome barriers. (SM)…

Martin, Edwin W.; And Others (1996). The Legislative and Litigation History of Special Education. Future of Children, v6 n1 p25-39 Spr. Presents a historical overview of state and federal legislation concerning special education, describes how court litigation has defined the constitutional rights of the disabled to access education, and outlines the provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The procedural safeguards of the IDEA also are outlined, including placement, classroom environment considerations, and provisions for preschoolers. (GR)…

Holloway, Jonathan Scott (2004). Ralph Bunche and the Responsibilities of the Public Intellectual. Journal of Negro Education, v73 n2 p125-136 Spr. Drawing from the authoritative sources on Ralph Bunche's early years in the academy, his personal papers, and his publications from the 1930s, this essay discusses Bunche's political philosophies and how they were informed by the social realities of the world in which he and other Black scholars lived. This essay urges readers to look beyond his important international work in the second half of his career to his earlier years when he repeatedly challenged public and private orthodoxies in service of a larger ideal of a broad and universal humanity…. [PDF]

McTighe, Joe (2004). Private School Accountability. Journal of Education, v185 n3 p51-59. The No Child Left Behind Act has had a pervasive effect on American education in its drive to bring about improvement in student achievement through assessment and accountability. In its standards-based approach to reform, measurement by standardized tests is everything. In this article, the author discusses the issue of private school accountability. Several years ago, the "Washington Post" published a front-page article about the Islamic Saudi Academy, a school for the children of Arabic-speaking diplomats. The article prompted some harsh letters to the editor. In this article, the author answers some core questions in the debate about accountability: (1) Should the state hold private schools accountable? If so, for what?; (2) Does the state have a legitimate role in ensuring that a private school's curriculum reflects democratic principles and society's core values?; (3) Does the state have an expanded oversight responsibility when public funds are involved?; and (4)… [Direct]

Peluso, Nancy Lee; Ribot, Jesse C. (2003). A Theory of Access. Rural Sociology, v68 n2 p153-181 Jun. The term \access\ is frequently used by property and natural resource analysts without adequate definition. In this paper we develop a concept of access and examine a broad set of factors that differentiate access from property. We define access as \the \ability\ to derive benefits from things,\ broadening from property's classical definition as \the \right\ to benefit from things.\ Access, following this definition, is more akin to \a bundle of powers\ than to property's notion of a \bundle of rights.\ This formulation includes a wider range of social relationships that constrain or enable benefits from resource use than property relations alone. Using this framing, we suggest a method of access analysis for identifying the constellations of means, relations, and processes that enable various actors to derive benefits from resources. Our intent is to enable scholars, planners, and policy makers to empirically \map\ dynamic processes and relationships of access. (Contains 22… [Direct]

Beckham, Joseph C. (1984). Employees. Decisions made by federal and state courts during 1983 concerning the employment, dismissal, and tenuring of the employees of public agencies–in particular, public schools–are reported in this chapter. The chapter first addresses discrimination in employment based on race, sex, age, or physical limitations and notes that the shifting burden of proof in discrimination cases involving alleged violation of federal statutes continues to dominate litigation in the public employment sector. Considered next are cases involving employees' rights to freedom of speech and association, the most frequently pressed substantive constitutional claims in cases involving adverse employment decisions. Other topics covered include the application of procedural due process in cases involving employees; the dismissal and discipline of employees for insubordination, unacceptable conduct, or incompetence; the application of acceptable procedures during reductions in force; disputes over contract… [PDF]

Gehring, Donald D.; Young, D. Parker (1980). Students. Court cases involving the relationship between institutions of higher education and their students during 1979 are discussed in this sixth and final chapter. The Iranian crisis and economic conditions during the year both affected cases touching on several of the topics addressed. These topics include such constitutional issues as rights of expression, due process, and association; separation of church and state; and freedom from undue search and seizure. Also considered are cases involving university regulation of student and policies on tuition, admissions, housing, graduation, athletics, financial aid, and student organizations. The impact of parent and spouse support, issues affecting law students, and questions relating to jurisdiction in cases involving students are also dealt with. (Author/PGD)…

Beckham, Joseph, Ed.; Dagley, David, Ed. (2005). Contemporary Issues in Higher Education Law. Education Law Association Colleges and universities remain vulnerable to lawsuits and face an increasingly litigious environment. This book is intended to provide board members, administrators, faculty, and students of higher education with a basis for informed decision-making that will reduce the risk of liability through a preventive-law approach. Readers will find this text a useful source that reflects trends in the law, details current case law on a particular subject, and provides guidance on institutional policy for both public and private higher education institutions. Contents include: (1) Public Colleges and Universities; (2) Private Colleges and Universities; (3) Religious Colleges and Universities; (4) Faculty; (5) Non-Academic Personnel; (6) Faculty Speech; (7) Tort Liability; (8) Contracts With Students; (9) Student Speech; (10) Student Equal Protection and Due Process; (11) Sexual Harassment; (12) Employment Discrimination Under Title VII; (13) Disability Law; (14) Intellectual Property; (15)… [Direct]

(1996). ADAAG Review Federal Advisory Committee Recommendations for a New ADAAG. Final Report. This report presents the final recommendations, in the form of a new set of guidelines, of a federal advisory committee concerning revisions to the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG). The guidelines provide scoping and technical requirements for the design, construction, and alteration of sites, facilities, buildings, and elements for accessibility by individuals with disabilities. The guidelines are grouped into 10 chapters which address: (1) definitions of terms; (2) scoping requirements (such as passenger loading zones, stairways, signs, sinks, and transportation facilities); (3) building blocks (such as wheelchair turning space, protruding objects, and reach ranges); (4) accessible routes and accessible means of egress (such as walking surfaces, ramps, and wheelchair lifts); (5) general site and building elements (such as parking spaces, stairways, and handrails); (6) plumbing elements and facilities (such as toilet and bathing rooms, bathtubs, and… [PDF]

(1996). Building Bridges: Inclusive Post-Secondary Education for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities. This study examines issues concerning inclusion in Canadian postsecondary education, especially educational programming and practices that enable adults with intellectual disabilities to participate and learn in regular classes in community colleges or vocational training colleges. The book first frames education as a human right and then explores the legal and policy context for inclusive postsecondary education in the Canadian provinces. Chapters examine the practice of inclusion, the systems of supports for instructors and students, and the means of overcoming key obstacles in the promotion of inclusive postsecondary education for people with intellectual disabilities. Based on a survey of 40 community college educators and interviews with 35 educators and parents, the book contends that instructors and college administrators are more likely to promote inclusion in the presence of: support networks for teachers; inservice instruction by community agencies; disability awareness… [PDF]

Horsman, Kelley (1994). Job Search Strategies for Students with Disabilities: A Nuts and Bolts Approach: Eastern Washington University Career Opportunities for Students with Disabilities. This guidebook is accompanied by a videocassette, on job search strategies for students with disabilities (the videotape should be accompanied by each school's own training materials based on personal needs). The guide begins with information on Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act. It discusses the Title's purpose, main provisions, and important definitions. The type of employment protections provided in the job application process, during the job interview, in the employment decision, and while on the job are outlined. Students are encouraged to approach their work search and career decision making with careful consideration and enthusiasm. A self-assessment process is presented for examining likes and dislikes in various life activities, leading to a list of skills and interest areas for career development. Tools to help students sort through their skills, abilities, interests, and values in order to make informed career decisions are noted, along with descriptions of… [PDF]

Palmer, Ezra (1993). Everything You Need To Know about Discrimination. The Need To Know Library. Revised Edition. Prejudice and how it can lead to discrimination is discussed with children as the audience. Discrimination begins with prejudice: the idea that one group is better than another. Although prejudice is morally wrong, it is not illegal, but it can lead to illegal discrimination. Discrimination is discussed with regard to: (1) individual rights; (2) religious and ethnic discrimination; (3) fair housing; (4) stereotypes; (5) the rights of females; (6) painful feelings of difference; and (7) dealing with discrimination. A glossary explains terms used in the discussion. Six resource organizations from which help is available for victims of discrimination are listed. (Contains 5 references.) (SLD)…

(1982). Sexual Harassment on the Job. A Guide for Employers. This guide is intended to help employers in New Hampshire curtail sexual harassment on the job. Covered first are the nature and scope of sexual harassment, the victims of the problem, and the reasons why sexual harassment is a problem for employers as well as victims. The next section deals with various aspects of sexual harassment and the law, including federal law and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) guidelines, New Hampshire state law, complaint processing, and federal case law. After a list of actions that employers can take to eliminate sexual harassment in their organizations, a model questionnaire on sexual harassment is presented. Also provided are a sample policy and an annotated bibliography on sexual harassment. The text of the EEOC guidelines on sexual harassment concludes the guide. (MN)…

Richardson, Richard C., Jr. (1990). The State Role in Promoting Equity. Information, analysis, and commentary are presented in a report that examines the progress and difficulties that states are having in assuming more of a moral and practical leadership role in achieving equity in higher education among minorities. The report discusses the fundamental dilemma states face in trying to foster greater institutional responsiveness to changing demographics. Next, an examination is made of two measures of state or institutional progress towards equity: an estimate of the differences between majority and minority participation rates, and an estimate of differences in graduation rates attributable to the effects of race and ethnicity. The problems of convincing a state's colleges and universities that improving minority participation and graduation rates ought to be high on their agenda are discussed, as well as efforts used to influence them to act, including the predominate use of court-imposed mandates. Finally, suggestions are presented on ways a state… [PDF]

Dildy, Dennis R., Ed. (1985). Guide to Determining the Vital Components Needed for a Realistic Vocational Preparation Program for Severely Disabled Students. This guide provides an approach to assist public schools and adult service agencies in designing programs that will maximize the ability of severely disabled students to function in non-sheltered vocational environments. The guide is composed of a list of questions to be used in a self-evaluation process; the questions concern needs assessment, measurable objectives, advisory council functions, parent involvement, use of available resources, current program features, development of a network of cooperative services, meeting student needs, and student placement. The guide is followed by a reprint of an article from the July 1984 issue of the Rehab Report of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, which describes how special education programs can focus on teaching self-care skills, community functioning skills, and employment skills rather than teaching non-functional skills out of context. The guide… [PDF]

(1986). The Canadian Symposium on Special Education Issues. Proceedings. (Toronto, Canada, March 4-5, 1986). The texts of six papers presented at the Canadian Symposium on Special Education Issues are included in these proceedings. The papers' titles and authors are: \How Are We Doing? Issues and Research Related to the Integration of Students with Special Needs\ (Janet Quintal); \Post-Secondary Programmes and Services for Exceptional Persons: North American Trends\ (Marc Wilchesky); \The Education of Severely and Profoundly Handicapped Children and Youth: Some Issues That Currently Need To Be Resolved\ (Harry Dahl); \The Future is Now: Implications for the Development of (Special) Education Leaders\ (Ron Posno); \The Charter of Rights and Special Education: Blessing or Curse?\ (A. Wayne MacKay); and \Computers in Special Education: Using Technology to Make Up the Difference\ (Peter Lindsay). (JDD)… [PDF]

Ferguson, Henry, Ed. (1981). Handbook on Human Rights and Citizenship: Perspectives of Five Nations. This handbook was designed to help students learn the cultural contexts in which human rights are variously defined. It provides a comparative study of five nations, selected for their geographic and cultural scope, as a unique way to study human rights. Chapter 1 sets the stage for the study by presenting activities for establishing class objectives and examining the definition of human rights. Chapter 2 contains 90 readings from the five countries. These materials were selected for their value in illustrating the human rights situation in the five countries. International documents are included in chapter 2 which broaden the knowledge and understanding of human rights, such as "The Helsinki Agreement." Chapter 3 presents different activities and instructional strategies for presentation of the materials. Activities are included for different grade levels. Chapter 4 is the evaluation component in which an attitudinal questionnaire is administered to students to assess the… [PDF]

Rose, Carol M. (1978). Some Emerging Issues in Legal Liability of Children's Agencies. This book outlines several areas of legal development relating to children's agencies. Past rulings and implications for practice are discussed. Chapters and the topics covered are: (1) Agency-Child Relationship (children's constitutional rights, impact on the "In Loco Parentis" doctrine, children's rights as distinct from parental rights, malpractice and the agency's professional relationship to the child; (2) Treatment Issues (The O'Connor Decision and the "right to treatment", elements of legally required treatment, invasion of privacy and the right to refuse treatment); (3) Placement Issues (abridgement and termination of parental rights, nonparental homes and home stability, discrimination issues in placement); and (4) Record Keeping, Information and Disclosure (prevention of undue disclosure, duty to disclose, duty to disclose in order to warn endangered outsiders). Included is an appendix of some leading cases and statutes. (SB)…

(1982). International Education: Values and Perspectives on…Four Human Rights. Teacher Edition. This handbook is for use in teacher center or school district inservice programs designed to raise the levels of teacher interest, understanding, and involvement in incorporating international education into the curricula of the public schools. The introduction in the first section provides background information on the use of the guide and explains its approach toward international education. In the second section, a broad overview is presented of issues and problems involved in securing human rights, and the third section compares human rights under different government forms: democracy, authoritarian dictatorship, and totalitarian dictatorship. In the fourth section, the focus is upon four human rights: (1) the right to due process and a fair trial; (2) freedom of association; (3) freedom of the press; and (4) the right to vote. Each right is treated in a separate chapter. A pertinent section of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights is quoted, followed by a… [PDF]

FITCHER, JOSEPH H. (1967). GRADUATES OF PREDOMINANTLY NEGRO COLLEGES, CLASS OF 1964. THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE STATUS OF 1964 GRADUATES FROM COLLEGES ATTENDED PREDOMINANTLY BY NEGROES. THE SURVEYED POPULATION, FROM 50 PREDOMINANTLY NEGRO SCHOOLS, WAS SAMPLED AT THE RATE OF 117 PER SCHOOL. FORTY-NINE PERCENT RESPONDED TO THE MAILED QUESTIONNAIRE. ELECTRONICALLY PROCESSED DATA SHOWED THAT 98 PERCENT OF ALL RESPONDENTS WERE NEGRO, 1.7 PERCENT WERE WHITE, AND 0.6 PERCENT WERE \OTHER RACES.\ NEARLY 40 PERCENT OF THE NEGRO GRADUATES PLANNED TO ENTER HEALTH RELATED FIELDS, AND AN EQUAL PROPORTION TO TEACH. LACK OF FINANCES WAS THE PRINCIPAL DETERRENT TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TRAINING FOR CERTAIN OCCUPATIONS. MORE NEGRO WOMEN ATTENDED COLLEGE THAN MEN. THE MAJORITY WERE INDIFFERENT TO DESEGREGATION ON THEIR OWN CAMPUSES, AND SHOWED NO DESIRE TO PUSH THEMSELVES INTO WHITE SOUTHERN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES. THEY BELIEVED THAT THE BEST OPPORTUNITIES WERE IN LARGE NORTHERN CITIES IN EDUCATION AND SOCIAL WORK, AND THAT PROSPECTS IN BUSINESS WERE POOR. THEIR…

WESTIN, ALAN F.; And Others (1966). CONFERENCE ON YOUNG PEOPLES' ATTITUDES TOWARD AMERICAN LIBERTIES (SUFFERN, OCTOBER 21-23, 1966). THE CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN AMERICAN LIBERTIES AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PROPOSES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION ABOUT LIBERTY, JUSTICE, AND EQUALITY IN THE NATION'S SCHOOLS THROUGH A PROGRAM OF BASIC SCHOLARSHIP AND THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL CURRICULAR MATERIALS. A CONFERENCE OF CIVIC LEADERS WAS HELD TO DISCUSS HOW THE CENTER MIGHT STUDY THE DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG PEOPLE OF ATTITUDES ABOUT CIVIL LIBERTIES AND FREEDOM IN AMERICAN SOCIETY. THE GROUP SEEMED AGREED THAT THE CENTER SHOULD EXPLOIT ONGOING RESEARCH, SUCH AS NATIONAL OPINION POLLS, AND SHOULD UNDERTAKE SMALL, SPECIALIZED RESEARCH AT THE SAME TIME IT IS DEVELOPING CURRICULUM. SURVEY RESEARCH COULD BE USED, ESPECIALLY TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF PARTICULAR INTERVENTIONS INTO THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS, BUT EFFORTS SHOULD BE MADE TO MODIFY AND SUPPLEMENT SURVEYS WITH SUCH TECHNIQUES AS GAMES, ETHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, AND NON-RESPONSIVE INQUIRY. SURVEY QUESTIONS NEED NOT BE SHALLOW AND DEPTH INTERVIEWING… [PDF]

Coons, Maggie, Ed.; Milner, Margaret, Ed. (1978). Creating an Accessible Campus. This book was developed to help administrators meet the challenge of compliance with the regulations implementing Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. All colleges, universities, and other organizations that are funded by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) have until June 3, 1980, to make structural modifications necessary to make their programs fully accessible to handicapped persons. Programs are to be accessible now in all cases in which structural modifications are not necessary. Nine chapters and an introduction trace the steps in developing a program for accessibility, from understanding what constitutes a barrier in the built environment to specific recommendations on site and building design and design of science laboratories. The functional relationships between various disabilities and the use of the environment are described. Design requirements associated with these functional relationships are described and illustrated. State of the art…