(1979). Beyond Bows and Arrows. Resource Manual. In spite of their visible prominence and influence on almost every aspect of our society, American Indians remain the least understood group of people. To acquaint symposium participants with the American Indian and to produce greater understanding, this resource manual documents the historical treatment and present status of Indians. Presented are: the constitutional status of American Indians, including sources of federal power, tribal sovereignty, powers of tribal self-government, hunting and fishing rights, domestic relations, taxation, legal status of Indian individuals, constitutional immunity, the 1968 Indian Bill of Rights, rights and privileges of state citizenship, and wardship; American Indian tribes, Eskimo and Aleut groups for which the Bureau of Indian Affairs has responsibility; federal Indian policies from the colonial period through the early 1970's; administrators of U.S. Federal Indian Policy; Commissioners of Indian Affairs from 1832 to the present; important… [PDF]

(1973). Ten Guidelines for Recruiting, Hiring and Retraining Minority Group School Employees. To carry out an affirmative action policy, school districts should base hiring practices on educational goals that aim at acceptance of people as human beings not as minority group members. The hiring practices should employ minority group people to recruit minority candidates for professional and nonprofessional positions, clearly defining qualifications required. After employment, human relations principles can be used to solve intergroup problems, to involve minority people in school and community activities, to open and maintain communication lines, and to assist minority people with difficulties in the community. (Author/DW)… [PDF]

Casteel, J. Doyle; And Others (1974). Valuing Exercises for the Middle School. Resource Monograph No. 11. One of the major goals of the middle school is to help students gain and refine skills in the area of values clarification. One way of securing such value clarification is to plan and assign value sheets–carefully planned and written activities designed to elicit value clarification patterns of language usage from students. Six different formats of value sheets are presented including the standard format, the forced-choice format, the affirmative format, the rank-order format, the classification format, and the criterion format. Each sample value sheet is designed to be used with a social studies unit focusing on the Bill of Rights, the topic of justice, or the concept of due process. Every value sheet contains at least two elements including the social and scientific context which describes an event that occurs or has occurred and is the focus of the student value clarification. In addition, there are eliciting questions in the form of discussion starters to provide a frame of… [PDF]

(1972). Need for Studies of Sex Discrimination in Public Schools. Revised. This memorandum reviews the need for studies on sex discrimination in public schools and suggests groups that should make local reviews and those areas which need reviewing — one sex schools; one sex or practically one sex courses; physical education, sports, and other extracurricular activities; textbooks, library books, and other curricular aids; promotion of teachers; and counseling. Prescriptions for remedial actions are given and a request made that reports of school surveys be sent to the Citizens' Advisory Council on the Status of Women to aid it in its role as advisor to the President and stimulator of leadership and interest in the status of women. The appendix contains a list of useful publications on school systems, stereotyping in books, counseling, federal prohibitions on discrimination in employment, and judicial decisions. This appendix has been up-dated since the original publication of the memorandum, January, 1972 (ED066430). (JH)… [PDF]

(1971). Student Bill of Rights and Responsibilities: Resource Book for Classroom Use. This publication includes lesson plans designed to help students and teachers explore students' rights and their corresponding responsibilities to others in the school and the community. Objectives are to demonstrate that an interrelationship exists between rights and responsibilities, that the freedom of expression inherent in the Student Bill of Rights and Responsibilities and the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is relative rather than absolute, and that freedom of expression is a primary concern of the Student Bill. Other aims are to explore the concept of due process; student attitudes and values as they relate to disruptive incidents that occur in school; and to study the balance which must be maintained between the enforcement of law and respect for the dignity of the individual. Teaching strategies include role playing, classroom discussion, debates, case studies, and slide shows. The publication includes five lesson plans which outline objectives, instructional… [PDF]

(1970). Minority Group Employment in the Federal Government, May 31, 1970. Minority employment surveys in the Federal Government are conducted as a part of the overall equal employment opportunity program under Executive Order 11478 issued by the President on August 8, 1969. Data in this report are based on a census of minority group employment in the Federal Government as of May 31, 1970. The census included Negroes, Spanish-surnamed persons, American Indians, Orientals, and in Alaska, Aleuts and Eskimos. Geographically, the survey covered all states (except Hawaii), foreign countries, and United States territories (except the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico). Foreign nationals overseas were excluded, as were all Federal civilian employees not in a full-time status as of May 31, 1970. Data in this report represent world-wide agency summaries, and there intended only as an indicator of overall changes in the status of employment among minority groups at the agency level. Although total Federal civilian employment decreased by nearly 8700 positions from…

Briere, Eugene J. (1978). Limited English Speakers and the Miranda Rights. TESOL Quarterly, 12, 3, 235-45, Sep 78. This paper describes the process used to determine if a Thai individual, of a limited English speaking background, seemed to have enough proficiency in English to understand the "Miranda Rights," designed to inform him of his rights to an attorney. These Rights should be simplified for limited English speakers. (CFM)…

Bezanson, Mary Elizabeth (1987). The Right to Receive through the School Library. Communication Education, v36 n4 p339-46 Oct. Considers the legal meaning of the "right to receive" in light of the many cases where reading material has been censored by being removed from public school libraries. (NKA)…

Stern, Deborah (2002). Building the Bridge between Community College and Work for Students with Learning Disabilities. This paper presents information to assist students with learning disabilities (LD), counselors, and employers in building a bridge between community college and employment. It argues that students must learn to articulate how their LD affects them in a variety of situations, especially those requiring learning and performing work related tasks. Information is then provided on: (1) what students with LD need to know about themselves; (2) questions that can aid teachers, counselors, and parents in identifying the functional impact of a learning disability; (3) a three-step process for determining the need for and type of accommodations a student may require in the type of work he or she is interested in seeking; (4) the importance of disability laws and requirements under the Americans with Disabilities Act; (5) tips for employers; (6) types of questions students should ask in preparing for a job interview; (7) questions students should ask in identifying barriers and accommodations… [PDF]

Leiter, Samuel; Leiter, William M. (2002). Affirmative Action in Antidiscrimination Law and Policy: An Overview and Synthesis. SUNY Series in American Constitutionalism. This book focuses on the legal and ideological controversy over the application of affirmative action policy to combat discrimination based on race, national origin/ethnicity, and gender. After the introduction, seven chapters discuss (2) "The Roots of Affirmative Action, the Women's Movement, and the Groups Covered by Affirmative Action" (e.g., reconstruction and the origins of affirmative action and white supremacy and the origins of disparate impact); (3) "The Career of Affirmative Action in Employment" (e.g., Title VII and employment discrimination and the unresolved issues of affirmative action in employment); (4) "Affirmative Action and the Primary and Secondary Schools" (e.g., the epochal Brown ruling and recent scholarship on school integration); (5) "Affirmative Action in Higher Education" (e.g., affirmative action and student admissions and the unresolved controversy over nonremedial affirmative action); (6) "Affirmative Action…

Wolters, Raymond (1984). The Burden of Brown. Thirty Years of School Desegregation. The Supreme Court's decision in Brown vs. Board of Education is one of the most important events in the recent history of the United States. Although "Brown" prohibited the use of racial discrimination to separate the races in the Topeka (Kansas) schools, similar cases from Delaware, South Carolina, and Virginia were consolidated on appeal, and a case decided the same day held that public schools could no longer be segregated. This book describes how things have worked out in the school districts where desegregation began. Attention is focused on the districts other than Topeka because their experience better illustrates how the laws have changed and how desegregation has been redefined. Compliance with the Supreme Court's order was readily achieved in Topeka. The Court's major premise was that official segregation constituted a denial of equal protection, while its minor premise held that racial isolation damaged the confidence of black youths and distorted their…

Russo, Charles J., Ed. (2000). The Yearbook of Education Law, 2000. The Education Law Association's yearbook of education law provides lawyers, administrators, and professors with a comprehensive review and analysis of the previous year's state and federal court decisions and legislation affecting the operation, management, and governance of public elementary and secondary schools, higher education, and international education. The 2000 yearbook contains 11 chapters, each covering a separate education law topic authored by an expert in that area. The major topics covered as follows: Employees, school governance, pupils, bargaining, students with disabilities, torts, sports, higher education, students in higher education, federal and state legislation, non-education related (cases having implications for educators), and international law, including cases and legislation from Australia, Canada, England and Wales, Europe, Great Britain, New Zealand, and South Africa. The yearbook includes a table of cases and a list of cases by jurisdiction. (Contains…

(1999). The Council on Quality and Leadership in Supports for People with Disabilities: Personal Outcomes Chart Book. This report describes the genesis, definition and use of the Personal Outcomes database, a database designed to assess whether programs and services are being effective in helping individuals with disabilities. The database is based on 25 outcome measures in seven domains, including: (1) identity, which is designed to provide a sense of how people express themselves as unique individuals; (2) autonomy, which measures control over physical environment, daily schedule, needs for privacy, and privileged and personal information; (3) affiliation, which assesses connections to other people; (4) attainment, which looks at how people define success in both personal and social terms; (5) safeguards, which measure compliance with health and safety codes; (6) rights, which measure fairness and support for individual rights; and (7) health and wellness, which include the outcomes of best possible health, freedom from abuse and neglect, and continuity and security. Findings are presented from… [PDF]

Molohon, Bernard, Comp. (1941). Voices of Democracy: A Handbook for Speakers, Teachers, and Writers. Bulletin, 1941, No. 8. US Office of Education, Federal Security Agency This booklet brings together memorable expressions on liberty and democracy by philosophers, statesmen, and writers of all times. It also presents in brief story form memorable episodes in the never-ending struggle for freedom. The selected references suggest sources of additional material on these subjects. If these quotations and stories find their way into classroom discussions, speeches, radio dramas, and the hearts and memories of the people, this little book, brought out with the hope that it will help educators and others to interpret and make vivid the principles we seek to preserve, will have made its contribution to democratic morale. The contents of this handbook include the following topics: (1) \Give Me Liberty!\; (2) \We Go Forward\; (3) Four Freedoms; (4) Memorable Statements (5) Memorable Stories of Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness; and (6) Those Who Lifted their Voices. An index, as well as a list of \Books for Further Reading\ are included. This bulletin… [PDF]

(1982). Associated Schools Embark on an Interregional Project on the Study of Contemporary World Problems. International Understanding at School, n43 p3-11. UNESCO's Associated Schools Project developed an interregional project for secondary school students in Asia, Europe, and Latin America to study disarmament, the new international economic order, and human rights. The reasons for studying contemporary problems and choosing these issues, the stages of the project, and its evaluation are discussed. (IS)…

Current, Randall (1980). Chronicle of Race, Sex, and Schools: September-December 1980. Integrated Education, v18 n5-6 p72-95 Sep-Dec. Provides a comprehensive view of legislation, policies, programs, existing situations, and cases concerning race and sex equality, particularly as these relate to schools and education in the nation as a whole and in the individual States. (MJL)…

Batzle, Peter; Olivero, Melanie (1980). The Congress. American Indian Journal, v6 n1 p16-20 Jan. Federal awareness that Indians existed as self-governing, political entities gave rise to congressional action during the 1970s that produced significant Indian rights legislation. Article discusses the Congressional Indian legislation enacted during the past decade. (DS)…

Zimmerman, Jonathan (1995). Beyond Double Consciousness: Black Peace Corps Volunteers in Africa, 1961-1971. Journal of American History, v82 n3 p999-1028 Dec. Examines the Peace Corps' early efforts to recruit black volunteers and the consequent culture clash between their expectations of Africa and its reality. Sexism, social stratification, and cultural stereotyping often underscored the differences between black Americans and Africans. Nonetheless, volunteers generally credited the experience as a positive one. (MJP)…

Hammerman, Herbert (1988). "Affirmative Action Stalemate": A Second Perspective. Public Interest, n93 p130-34 Fall. Response to "Affirmative Action Stalemate," by Nathan Glazer ("Public Interest," Winter 1988). Discusses why certain minority groups benefit from affirmative action, and why big business supports the program. (FMW)…

Orfield, Gary (1995). Public Opinion and School Desegregation. Teachers College Record, v96 n4 p654-70 Sum. Summarizes public opinion regarding school desegregation, busing, and racial integration. Public opinion surveys reveal a reality of public opinion on desegregation that is far more complex and more positive than might be assumed. The public appears to believe that school integration is valuable, but there is strong resistance, particularly among older whites, to busing. (SM)…

Dardaine-Ragguet, Patricia; And Others (1994). Female Administrators in Urban Settings: Legal Implications for Policy and Practice. Urban Education, v28 n4 p398-411 Jan. Examines the legal, historical, and pervasive underrepresentation of women in educational administration, paying particular attention to women in urban settings. A profile of female administrators in urban areas is presented, with emphasis on job-satisfaction factors. Implications for the law, policy, and practices to redress this inequality are discussed. (SLD)…

Levin, Brian (1993). A Dream Deferred: The Social and Legal Implications of Hate Crimes in the 1990s. Journal of Intergroup Relations, v20 n3 p3-27 Fall. Examines legal and social implications of bias violence today and in the coming years. The most important legal development regarding hate crimes is the Supreme Court's "Wisconsin v. Mitchell" decision upholding the constitutionality of bias crime penalty enhancement laws. (SLD)…

Robinson, Donald (1992). World Studies through a Comparative Constitutional Prism. Update on Law-Related Education, v16 n3 p5-7,48 Fall. Emphasizes the importance of understanding the development of democracy around the world by comparative study of constitutions. Uses the development of the Japanese constitution after World War II as a case study. Describes the work of the team appointed by General Douglas MacArthur and the significance of the clause guaranteeing equal rights for women. (CFR)…

Newton, Chris (1999). Damage Control. Black Issues in Higher Education, v16 n5 p18-19 Apr 29. Assessment of Hopwood v Texas ruling on admissions at West Texas A&M University finds it has had little effect on that institution. The school stepped up recruitment efforts, targeting high schools with diverse populations. Additionally, the state's "10 percent" rule automatically made the top 10% percent of graduating students eligible for enrollment in state public colleges and universities. (CH)…

Mote, Michael (1999). Going All the Way. Phi Delta Kappan, v80 n10 p766-69 Jun. An elementary principal believes the universal "right" to a free public-school education has so hamstrung educators that they cannot effectively set or maintain standards. Two case studies involving disruptive students and irresponsible parents illustrate a vicious cycle that only educational vouchers (for full per-pupil amounts) might interrupt. (MLH)…

Hyman, Irwin A.; Snook, Pamela A. (2000). Dangerous Schools and What You Can Do about Them. Phi Delta Kappan, v81 n7 p489-98,500-01 Mar. Educator violence against students (verbal and physical assaults and the undermining of students' constitutional rights) erodes rather than enhances school safety. Unnecessarily harsh disciplinary practices create a violence-prone climate mirroring U.S. society–the most retributive of Western nations. Democratic classroom practices can help counter youth demonization. (MLH)…

Stocker, Karen (2005). Citizenship, Wealth, and Whiteness in a Costa Rican High School. International Journal of Educational Policy, Research, and Practice: Reconceptualizing Childhood Studies, v5 n4 p121-146 Win 2004-2005. This article addresses the democratic rhetoric taught in a Costa Rican High School and the ways in which that rhetoric clashed with school practices that revealed hierarchies based on race, ethnicity, class, and religion. This contradiction was rendered visible through student elections, the Independence Day celebration, and civic acts. Through these acts, it became apparent that white, wealthy, Catholic students were upheld as most closely matching the image of ideal citizenship projected by the nation though participants in these events pontificated about the ideals of democracy and equality. A strict enforcement of uniform use seemingly intended to homogenize the student body, but was taken to extremes and, instead, served to exacerbate class differences. Throughout the article, I rely on racial formation theory and those theories proposed by specialists in anthropology and education to note how the school taught the value placed on whiteness implicit in the school's practices…. [PDF]

Engl, Margaret; Permuth, Steven B.; Wonder, Terri K. (2003). "Brown:" The Historical-Legal Antecedents. International Journal of Educational Reform, v12 n4 p325-335 Fall. In the "Columbia Law Review," Harry Jones (1974) illustrates five general and sometimes overlapping purposes of the law. They include the preservation of the public peace and safety, the settlements of individual disputes, the maintenance of security expectations, the resolutions of conflicting social interests, and the channeling of social change. Of those purposes, perhaps no case in legal history has directed the course of social change in the United States more than the case of "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka" (347 U.S. 483, 1954). In addition, as conversations with South African educators witness, the case also maintains international significance for nations and peoples who have functioned under apartheid-like systems with laws reminiscent of the United States' own Jim Crow social policy, dismantled after the rendering of the "Brown" decision. As everyone moves to the golden anniversary of the decision next year on May 17, 2004, it is… [Direct]

Oto, Todd; Young, I. Phillip (2004). The Impact of Age for Asian, Hispanic, and Native American Teacher Candidates on Principals' Screening Decisions as Viewed from a Social Distance Perspective. Leadership and Policy in Schools, v3 n4 p295-323. A national random sample of senior high school principals evaluated the paper credentials of hypothetical teacher candidates varying both in national origin (Asian, Hispanic, or Native American) and in chronological age (control condition, 29 years old, or 49 years old) for a focal teacher position either in their building (proximal) or in their district (distal). Evaluations were cast in a 3x3x2 completely crossed factorial design and submitted to a MANOVA. Results lend partial support for social distance theory as a framework for explaining screening decisions for certain ethnic groups reporting their chronological age as being either 29 or 49 and increase current knowledge about the teacher selection process. (Contains 5 tables, 4 figures, and 3 footnotes.)… [Direct]

McCarthy, Linda (2003). Wearing My Identity: A Transgender Teacher in the Classroom. Equity & Excellence in Education, v36 n2 p170-183 Jun. The term \transgender\ is used by people whose gender identity or expression falls outside the boundaries of traditional gender expectations. In educational systems, transgender issues are becoming increasingly relevant as both students and staff \come out\ as transgender, and as young people explore non-normative gender expression. In comparison to the empirical and theoretical discussions on gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth issues in education, research on transgender youth is sparse, and academic research on transgender teachers is non-existent. Like closeted gay, lesbian, and bisexual teachers, transgender teachers are isolated, hidden, and silent about their authentic identities. This exploratory study offers one transgender-identified teacher's story in an urban public school system. The issues addressed include gender dynamics in the classroom, relationships with students, the connections between sexual orientation and gender identity, and discrimination in the work environment…. [Direct]