Swadener, Elizabeth Blue (1990). Children and Families \At Risk\: Etiology, Critique, and Alternative Paradigms. Educational Foundations, v4 n4 p17-39 Fall. Examines the etiology, critiques, and alternative paradigms of the \at-risk\ label, noting ways in which the use of that label is racist, classist, and paternalistic. The term \at risk\ has become a cliche in some professional and public cultures which does a disservice to many children, families, and groups. (SM)…

Hepburn, Mary A. (1992). Multiculturalism and Social Cohesion in a Democratic Society: Is the United States Experience a Model or an Example?. Prospects, v22 n1 p80-90. Describes the origins and development of cultural pluralism in the United States. Proposes four theoretical approaches to pluralism. Concludes that coexistence multiculturalism offers the greatest potential for developing mutual understanding among many races and ethnic groups. (CFR)…

Cholden, Harriett B.; Hunt, Barbara Giertz (1996). Freedom and Oppression: Opposing Ideas Lead to Integrated Knowledge. Social Education, v60 n3 p139-140 Mar. Outlines and describes a fifth-grade unit of study examining issues of freedom and oppression. Students began with a biography and a presentation on an individual who had experienced discrimination. They then interviewed local people who had experienced significant freedom or oppression. Culminating activities included writing one-act plays. (MJP)…

Patterson, Fiona M. (2004). Motivating Students to Work with Elders: A Strengths, Social Construction, and Human Rights and Social Justice Approach. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, v24 n3-4 p165-181 Dec. At a time when increasing numbers of elders need and continue to rely on social work services, it is important to build enthusiasm among students to prepare them for future work with this special population. A three-pronged approach to teaching about aging, which is built on the strengths perspective, critical social construction, and a human rights and social justice focus, is recommended. For each part of the method, a theoretical rationale is outlined, and specific readings, films, music, class exercises, and written assignments to enhance the learning process are presented and discussed…. [Direct]

(2006). Resource Pack: Improving Learning Opportunities for Street Children. Online Submission The "EFA (Education For All) Global Monitoring Report 2006" estimates that about 100 million children of primary school age, 55 percent of them girls, are not enrolled in primary school. UNESCO Bangkok, the Consortium for Street Children and Childhope Asia initiated the "Promotion of Improved Learning Opportunities for Street Children Project" to facilitate knowledge sharing between organizations and capacity-building of practitioners working with street children. Activities took place during 2004 and 2005 in four countries including Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan and the Philippines. The resource pack was developed to assist workers working with and for street children. It has four sections. Section I consists of country case studies on Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, and the Philippines and a synthesized regional study. Section II contains policy forum reports for advocacy, review of policies and programs, and identifies policy recommendations and commitments. Section… [PDF]

Phillips, Brenda (1994). Women, Islam, and Pakistan: A Selected Annotated Bibliography. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad Project. This bibliography features selected books, book chapters, research projects, and journal articles, published between 1953 and 1994, about the social, legal, economic, educational political, and professional position of Muslim Pakistani women. Sixteen of the references are annotated. An additional 41 bibliographic references to other materials, not annotated, are included. (LAP)… [PDF]

Spechler, Jay W. (1996). Reasonable Accommodation: Profitable Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. This book, designed to assist business managers in their efforts to initiate or enhance existing programs for cost-effective disability management and achieve the spirit of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), presents case studies of over 30 companies who are successfully complying with the (ADA). The first two chapters of the book describe the role of the President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities and the ADA, and presents a 10-step process for implementing the ADA. Chapters 3 through 28 present company case studies that highlight the reasonable accommodations companies have made to include people with disabilities in their workforce. The profiles contain examples of training programs, policy statements, planning documents, job analysis formats, messages to employees, ADA implementation checklists, workplace assessments, and ergonomic evaluations. Chapters 29-36 describe case studies in which rehabilitation agencies have assisted companies at little or…

Aguirre, Adalberto, Jr.; Martinez, Ruben O. (1994). Chicanos in Higher Education: Issues and Dilemmas for the 21st Century. ERIC Digest. This monograph digest addresses Chicano participation in higher education to date and pressing issues for increased participation in the 21st century. An exploration of how Chicanos relate generally to the national education system cites low academic achievement which contributes to relative social and cultural isolation. Isolation coupled with educational tracking places the population at risk for negative educational and economic outcomes. The paper notes very slow improvement for Chicanos in higher education due in part to the small numbers of Chicano students pursuing postsecondary education. A section on how Chicanos relate to higher education considers developments in access and participation beginning in the 1850s in California and including the recent construction of "El Plan de Santa Barbara" in which the Chicano community defined their own aims in higher education. Examination of the context for participation notes federal government programs and legislation… [PDF]

Chapman, Jane Roberts; And Others (1983). Women Employed in Corrections. A research project was conducted to compile a profile of women employed in corrections. More specifically, the study was designed to identify the corrections occupations in which women are working as well as the factors affecting the recruitment, placement, and advancement of women in the field. The research was accomplished in two stages. First, an employment profile of women in corrections occupations was developed using data supplied by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and other supplementary sources. Next, questionnaires were administered to 362 women and 145 men employed in 59 state and local correctional agencies in Maryland, Michigan, and South Carolina. According to both these data sources, women are underrepresented in corrections in comparison to their participation in the employed civilian labor force. Furthermore, women employed in corrections tend to be concentrated in clerical and support staff positions. The career aspirations of the women interviewed were… [PDF]

(1986). Religion in the Public Schools. This booklet offers school administrators guidance on the constitutional foundation of religious freedom and the relationship between church and state in the United States. Most of the recent Supreme Court cases dealing with religion in the schools and many current issues in the field are discussed. Questions that administrators may wish to address before considering specific policies are also raised. The booklet's first chapter introduces the basic issues affecting the relationship between religion and public education. Chapter 2 outlines the law and its constitutional basis, focusing on religious freedom, the "Free Exercise" and "Establishment" clauses of the First Amendment, religious activities within schools, aid to religious schools, and freedom of speech. The third chapter reviews the place of religion in the public school curriculum, addressing religious instruction by religious leaders, instruction about religion, and the inclusion of religiously…

Francis, Patricia (1989). Center for Minority and Women's Studies. This paper discusses the Center for Minority and Women's Studies at the State University of New York (SUNY) College at Cortland. Changing demographics combined with a resurgent racism and continuing inequality for women pose significant challenges to higher education. The SUNY College at Cortland is meeting these challenges through the inauguration of a comprehensive set of new initiatives to transform the curriculum, support faculty development, add richness and diversity to the cultural life of the college community, improve recruitment and retention of minority and women faculty and minority students, and confront aspects of campus life which tend to produce an inhospitable climate for minorities and women. The Center coordinates large numbers of activities, such as developing new minors in Womens Studies, Hispanic Studies, and Jewish Studies, requiring that all students take a course dealing with issues of prejudice and discrimination, and showcasing the talents and… [PDF]

Bunker, Suzanne, Ed.; And Others (1981). MSDAC Resource Library Annotated Bibliography, 1981-1982. Third Edition. This annotated bibliography includes books, booklets, films, and recordings on women; women's rights; legislation affecting women; sex equity in education and employment; sex roles and sex stereotypes; female careers; female participation in the arts, religion, history, and other aspects of society; sex fairness in school curricula; and other issues related to equality for women. Each entry includes the name of the author, editor, or compiler of the material; the title; name and address of the publisher; a brief description of the material; and recommended reading level and groups of people (such as administrators, teachers, counselors, or community members) most likely to find the material useful. Under the general category of education and community resources, materials are classified into reference resources, instructional resources, and materials on women's studies. A second general category, student resources, lists instructional materials and activities, biographies, and…

Brown, Charles I. (1980). The White Presence at Traditionally Black Public Colleges and Universities: A Synopsis. The origins and patterns of white presence on traditionally black public colleges and universities (TBPCU's) are considered for six distinct periods: (1) the pre-Civil War period, 1837-1859; (2) the period of the educational missionary, 1860-1885; (3) the period of reaction to white control, 1886-1916; (4) the decade of the great philanthropists, 1917-1927; (5) the era of the Bureau of Education, 1927-1954; and (6) the desegregation era, 1954 to the present. Prior to the beginning of the Civil War in 1860, the comparatively few blacks who managed to receive some education did so in practical areas and for utilitarian reasons. Twenty-eight blacks received a college education during this period, and two institutions of higher learning for blacks were helped into existence by white Quakers and Presbyterians. Several TBPCU's trace their origins to the second period, founded either by private institutions supported by missionary groups or as extensions of the federal government's…

Ashmun, Lawrence F. (1983). Resettlement of Indochinese Refugees in the United States: A Selective and Annotated Bibliography. Monograph Series on Southeast Asia, Occasional Paper No. 10, 1983. An annotated bibliography of 1037 items on a broad range of demographic, cultural, social, and policy issues related to Indochinese refugee resettlement in the United States includes a variety of printed materials from April 1975 to the end of 1981. The bibliography includes journal and periodical articles, scholarly papers, research reports, books, and government publications; it excludes newspaper articles, commercial dictionaries and textbooks, and articles for which no personal author was ascertainable. Items are also indexed according to source (Dissertation Abstracts International, ERIC, and Refugee Materials Center), subject, and geography. (MSE)…

(1982). A Resource Guide on Contemporary Legal Issues…for Use in Secondary Education. Designed for use by local lawyers and law students who agree to serve as resource persons in secondary school level law-related subjects, this guide has two main goals: (1) to provide law personnel with a brief summary of the law and sample cases for student use on topics of general interest, and (2) to introduce students to a sampling of the methods and materials currently being used in law-related education. Following an introduction, the guide has two main parts. The first consists of summaries and cases on seven topics: the criminal justice system, criminal procedure, free expression, equal protection, religion and constitutional law, family law, and consumer law. The second part contains eight lesson-length excerpts from current, representative law-related education publications. Lessons focus on legal content (such as the elements of a contract), legal concepts, case studies, and a variety of other methods such as moot court, mock trial, role playing, and problem solving. The… [PDF]

Piper, David Warren, Ed. (1981). Is Higher Education Fair? Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society for Research into Higher Education (17th, Guildford, Surrey, England, December 1981). Various forms of bias in the British higher education system are examined in ten papers presented at a conference on "Biases in Higher Education." After an introduction by David Warren Piper, Tyrrell Burgess links the Popperian paradigm of scientfic method to the practical possibility of a nonexclusive education system. In "Bias Is of the Essence," he examines the theory of knowledge and learning that would eliminate the systematic biases of the system. Bill Williamson in "Class Bias" compares the class structure of the British system with that of other European countries, and claims that higher education, and the universities in particular, play a decisive role in structuring demand for places. John Richardson, writing on "Geographical Bias," draws on work from counties where geographical distances are so great that the effect on people's chances of becoming students in more obvious than on a small island. He suggests that the principal…

Duff, Ogle B.; And Others (1981). Comprehensive Affirmative Action for Equal Educational Opportunity in the Racially Isolated and Predominantly White Suburban School District. This manual contains information to help predominantly white suburban school systems achieve racial integration and provide equal education and equal employment opportunities. The manual advocates a comprehensive approach that would direct affirmative action at students, curricular and extracurricular programs, all phases of employment, and public policy affecting housing. One section of the manual discusses the Constitutional and statutory basis of equal education and equal employment opportunity. Two succeeding sections describe the evolution of court litigation concerning discrimination in education and in employment. Another section provides suggestions for planning and implementing an equal education/equal employment opportunity program in racially segregated suburban schools by identifying factors essential to successful desegregation programs and describing how to develop an affirmative action policy and program. A final section discusses how, in a comprehensive approach,… [PDF]

Feldmesser, Robert A. (1978). Minimum Competence As An Individual Right. After reviewing three current approaches to handling students who fail to meet minimum competency standards, the author proposes a new approach to minimum competency testing. The three common reactions are: (1) doing nothing to help failing students; (2) denying students their high school diplomas; and (3) requiring students to take remedial courses before receiving their diplomas. To avoid the punitive nature of these reactions, the author suggests that meeting minimum competency standards be viewed as an individual's right, if these standards represent skills which one needs to survive in contemporary society. The mechanism for establishing this right involves issuing a certificate to any state resident who meets standards set by the appropriate state agency. This certificate is separate from a high school diploma, which local school districts would continue to award according to standards they had set. Every resident who could not meet the minimum standards would have the right…

Gecas, Viktor; And Others (1977). The Equal Rights Amendment in Washington State: An Analysis and Interpretation of Voting Patterns. A study was undertaken in Washington state to investigate voting behavior on the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which was approved by Washington state voters in 1972. Specifically, research objectives were to determine who was for or against the ERA, to assess the nature of objections to the ERA, and to consider implications of the ERA for family relationships. A random sample of over 800 Washington state residents was interviewed by telephone in December 1972. Information was obtained on respondents' age, sex, marital status, occupation, education, family size, political and religious affiliation, and vote (or attitude) regarding the ERA. Findings indicated that men were more favorable toward the ERA than women; single and divorced respondents were more favorable than were married respondents; young were more favorable than old; white collar workers were more favorable than blue collar workers; and individuals with more education were more favorable than those with less education…. [PDF]

Kelner, Joseph; Munves, James (1980). The Kent State Coverup. A definitive account of the May 4, 1970 Kent State shootings and the trial that followed is presented by the lawyer who served as chief counsel for the 13 victims. Part One, "The Long Road to the Cleveland Courthouse," provides all the information on the victims, the shootings, and preparation for the trial. Part Two, "At Last, Our Day in Court," describes the case presented by the victims' lawyers, which took more than 10 weeks of trial and involved 69 witnesses. Part Three presents the defense case, which took five days and involved 18 witnesses. In Part Four, "Summing Up an American Tragedy," the rebuttal by the lawyers for the prosecution, the closing remarks, and the judge's instructions to the jury are examined. The final part reveals the verdict of the jury which acquitted Governor Rhodes, the Ohio National Guard, and the former President of Kent State University of charges brought against them. It is suggested that there was a payoff and…

Gephart, William J.; And Others (1977). The Most Significant Educational Research Contributions of the Past Ten Years. Occasional Paper 16. This document reports on a \mini-conference\ on the contributions of educational research in the past ten years. Significant research projects in the following eight major areas are identified: (1) human development and learning; (2) teaching; (3) equality, inequality, and human rights; (4) educational finance; (5) educational administration; (6) educational technology; (7) program improvement and assessment; and (8) research methodology. Specific papers and research projects in each of these areas are cited. The contributions touch a great number of topical areas such as characteristics of learners, preparation of professionals, longitudinal studies of educational effects, educational objectives, and moral values. The listing offers a range of problem-solving strategies available to educators and the appropriateness of each strategy for resolving problems. (JD)… [PDF]

Steiner, Stan (1979). The Mexican Americans. For more than 400 years the ancestors of the Mexican American have contributed to the spiritual and material wealth of this land, yet recognition of their cultural and national rights has been slow to come. Like the American Indians, Chicanos can claim, "We did not come to America, America came to us". As a conquered people, they have been repressed by the dominant society. Mexican Americans can trace their ancestry back to the Spanish conquistadores who subjugated the Aztec. From the blending of the two cultures came the Mestizo population. It was the Mestizos and Mexicans, rather than the Spaniards, who settled the American Southwest; but most of the millions of acres of rich lands granted by the Spanish Land Grants were lost after the U.S. victory in the Mexican American War. Some Mexican Americans worked as laborers on the large farms or ranches; others migrated to the cities and settled in the barrios. From within the barrios has come the growth of the Chicano…

(1979). Consumer Education: A Teaching-Learning Unit on the Rights and Responsibilities of all Consumers and Special Problems of Elderly Consumers, Poor Consumers, Handicapped Consumers, Non-English Speaking Consumers and Nonreaders, Minors. To help high school students understand the role of consumers in the everyday world, the teaching guide presents objectives and activities related to seven consumer topics. Topics are rights and responsibilities of all consumers, common transportation concerns of consumers with special problems, and problems which particularly affect consumers who are elderly, poor, handicapped, non-English speaking and/or illiterate, and under age. For each topic, information is presented on the background of the particular consumer group, in addition to objectives and activities. Objectives are that students should be able to list rights and responsibilities of various groups of consumers; identify local, state, and federal agencies which protect consumers; compute the best buy among consumer products; list problems caused by having very little discretionary income; list ways of helping solve problems of various consumer groups; and name laws that have been passed to help various groups of…

Marshall, Ray; And Others (1976). The Impact of Legal and Administrative Remedies to Overcome Discrimination in Employment. Final Report. This study examines the effectiveness of specific attempts to remedy employment discrimination against minorities through litagation and contract compliance efforts. Further, its objective is to identify factors underlying the effectiveness or lack of effectiveness of court decisions and out-of-court settlements in producing changes in minority employment patterns. Special attention is given to the construction and shipbuilding industries and to the issues of hiring, union entry, upgrading, and seniority systems. To advance an understanding of the dynamics of combatting employment discrimination, the authors present a new conceptual framework for interpreting activity in this field. The authors suggest that conclusions and recommendations drawn could be of interest to attorneys, judges, minority organizations, and government agencies attempting to remedy employment discrimination. (Author)… [PDF]

(1975). Equalization–A Report on Compliance with Two Court Decisions in the District of Columbia: Final Report; [and] A Critique of "A Quest for Equal Educational Opportunity in a Major Urban School District: The Case of Washington, D.C.". This report, concerning compliance, with the l967 and l971 court decisions on equal educational opportunity in the District of Columbia, summarizes the results of the first part of a two-part study, which examines the District of Columbia's Public School systems experiences resulting from the decrees on equalization expenditures in the elementary school. Citing the examination of the court's influence on educational policy as a major objective, the report examines topics such as court orders, the district's response, what happened in the schools, and alternatives to the decree, including the establishment of a centralized information system, a single equalization office, and suggested procedures for their accomplishment. Although court intervention is said to have ended the"tracking system", along with a reduction in overcrowding in one area of the city, integration of faculty, and improvements in both the data base and the allocation of resources, the educational… [PDF]

Leader, Joyce (1975). A Critique of "A Quest for Equal Educational Opportunity in a Major Urban School District: The Case of Washington, D.C.". This critique by the District of Columbia's Public School System of a report said to represent an attempt to evaluate the experiences of the District of Columbia Public School System in its effort to comply with a court decision, which ordered the system to equalize per pupil expenditures in the elementary school, presents highlights of particular problems with the report and purportedly offers information clarifying some of the so-called misleading interpretations made. Sections entitled societal context, educational considerations, equalization implementation procedures, analysis of the impact of equalization, fundamental questions, and conclusion, are said to refute pertinent data in the evaluation report while clarifying the District's position. Procedural recommendations made in the original evaluation report were said to be already in effect, except for those considered either irrelevant to the court order, or those that would have required an infusion of unavailable…

Ford, Gerald R. (1976). Busing Students to Correct Segregation. Message from the President of the United States…94th Congress, 2nd Session. House Document No. 94-540. This document contains a presidential draft of proposed legislation to establish procedures and standards for the framing of relief in suits to desegregate the nation's elementary and secondary public schools. Other purposes include the provision of assistance to voluntary desegregation efforts and the establishment of a national community and education committee to provide assistance to encourage and facilitate constructive and comprehensive community involvement and planning in the desegregation of schools. The bill would establish for federal courts specific guidelines concerning the use of busing in school desegregation cases. It would require the court to determine the extent to which acts of unlawful discrimination by governmental officials have caused a greater degree of racial concentration in a school or school system than would have existed in the absence of such acts. The bill would prohibit a court from ordering busing throughout an entire school system simply for the… [PDF]

Graul, Donald; Jones, J. William (1976). Student Rights and Responsibilities Revisited: Current Trends in School Policies and Programs. Because recent legislation and court decisions have expanded the rights of all students, schools of the 70s must educate them about the responsibilities that go with these newly recognized rights. A nationwide survey indicates that many schools have established grievance procedures based on open communication and clearly stated policies. And many have taken steps to ensure due process in suspension and expulsion and to safeguard confidentiality of student records. The report looks at the old issues of student government, the student press, and student discipline. The implications of Title IX and the legal responsibility of school board members for ensuring student rights are described. Useful as a handbook of dissemination techniques, the report is illustrated with samples from the content and graphics of student rights codes. (Author/MLF)…

Phay, Robert E. (1975). The Law of Suspension and Expulsion: An Examination of the Substantive Issues in Controlling Student Conduct. NOLPE Second Monograph Series, Number Seven. ERIC/CEM State-of-the-Knowledge Series, Number Thirty-Two. Student protest and misconduct have frequently resulted in the suspension or expulsion of a student. This monograph examines the school's authority to suspend or expel a student, with the purpose of determining when such an action is permissible and when it is prohibited because it infringes on a student's constitutional and, sometimes, statutory rights. The procedural issues that arise when the school has decided to remove a student are not included. Issues discussed include demonstrations, publications and underground newspapers, weapons on school grounds, school property damage, personal appearance, student marital and/or parental status, and out-of-school conduct. (Author/MLF)… [PDF]

Khanlian, John F. (1974). Juvenile Justice. This curriculum manual provides information, raises issues and questions of controversy, and suggests certain learning activities which will acquaint high school students with the law as it affects their lives both in school and in the community. Questions discussed in the section called Youth in School include truancy, freedom of expression, personal appearance, and due process. Topics discussed under Juveniles and the Law include the juvenile court and other aspects of juvenile justice. A third section approaches the underlying principles of authority and respect upon which the justice system rests and delves into ways of changing the system. Real and hypothetical case studies focusing on the inquiry approach to learning are presented. Also included are readings, role-playing simulation games, and other types of classroom activities. Each topic covered in the manual is designed so that a maximum of flexibility is possible regarding lesson plans. Class time spent in study and…