Strasburg, Georgia L.; Tangri, Sandra S. (1977). Can Research on Women Be More Effective in Shaping Policy?. In order to formulate social policy which is responsive to needs of women and other minority groups, decision makers must be better informed about alternative options, incentives, and unintended as well as intended consequences of various policies. Social scientists can contribute to decision makers' understandings of social factors in numerous ways. They can call attention to policy-relevant questions, provide impact analyses, and conduct evaluation research. Institutional mechanisms for producing the most useful research about women and minorities must be devised through cooperative efforts of government agencies, research organizations, and interest groups. Also, graduate programs in psychology and related social sciences should train students to conceptualize, understand, and investigate public policy issues. Problem areas in which research on women could have a significant impact include community response to physical, aesthetic, and service needs; welfare policies;…

Schoenherr, Charles W. (1977). A Self-Study on the Impact of Federal Programs on the Sterling College Campus. Results of a self-study by Sterling College, Kansas, on the impact of federal programs are discussed. Sterling College, a small college with an enrollment of 500 students, has received 54 percent of its tuition dollars from federal and state programs. Until 1977-78 when $147,000 was received in federal support for program development, only small amounts of federal funds were received. A survey of college officials revealed that in general there is a minimum level of understanding of regulations pertaining to governmental programs. There is uncertainty about whether the college's affirmative action plan is acceptable, whether the due process system will stand up in courts, or whether the college is offering equal opportunity to both sexes in all areas. Demands of federal reports have required time-consuming efforts on the part of the office of student aid and the business office. Title IX regulations have changed priorities in the physical education program. It is concluded that the…

Exum, William H. (1980). \Plus Ca Change…?\: Racism in Higher Education. The meaning, operation, and impact of institutional racism in higher education are examined with attention to both past and present conditions. Institutional racism is examined with reference to several specific issues: barriers to the entry of blacks, as both students and staff, into American higher education; curriculum and academic programs; and treatment and on-campus experiences of blacks once entered. Brief attention is given to facilities, and other differentials between white and black institutions of higher education, as well as the relationship between black communities and white universities. The role of the status allocation functions of colleges and universities, intergroup competition and conflict in the larger society, and on campus, organizational imperatives of the institution, general societal attitudes about race, and attitudes and bigotry are considered. A distinction is made between structural and adaptive reform in attempts to combat institutional racism and…

Berkeley, Heather, Ed.; And Others (1978). Children's Rights: Legal and Educational Issues. Symposium Series/9. In recent years, the issue of children's rights has become a focal point of concern and controversy. This collection of papers focuses on children's rights under Canadian laws and in Canadian schools. Papers providing general overviews include "Children's Rights in the Canadian Context" by Chad Gaffield and W. Gordon West and "A Status Report on Child Advocacy in the United States" by Patrick C. Lee. Papers on legal issues include "New and Old Themes in Canadian Juvenile Justice: The Origins of Delinquency Legislation and the Prospects for Recognition of Children's Rights" by Jeffrey S. Leon, "Unmanageable Children in Ontario: A Legal Review" by Karen Weiler, and "A Critique of the Institutional Response to Juvenile Delinquency in Ontario" by Dennis Conly. Papers dealing with educational issues include "Student Rights in Canada: Nonsense upon Stilts?" by Romulo F. Magsino, "School Discipline and Corporal Punishment: An…

Barkley, Margaret V.; And Others (1975). Clinics for Administrators of Women in Occupational Education. Final Report: 1974-1975. Third in an annual series of State-sponsored inservice clinics for Arizona educators and administrators, the theme of the clinic attracted over 370 participants. Students and parents, as well as professional personnel, attended the two-day sessions. Program format included speeches, panel discussions, and the formation of task force groups to further identify problems of women and minorities and to suggest possible educational solutions to the problems. The presentations emphasized women in the working world, problems of working with low income groups, the role of career education, affirmative action programs, and State legislation. The objectives of the project and their fulfillment were as follows: at the end of the clinics (1) 65% of the participants did possess information about major Federal and State laws concerning employment of women and minority groups, (2) 75% of the participants were able to identify major problem areas which women encounter in becoming educated and/or…

Howe, Harold, II (1968). Picking up the Options. This book contains 23 addresses delivered by Harold Howe, II, during two of his years as United States Commissioner on Education. The speeches contain recurrent theses, but each address is unique in its emphasis and development. Howe's basic theme is the urgent necessity to provide true equality of educational opportunity for all children. Individually and collectively, the speeches furnish new insights into critical issues and invoke increased concern and an effort to approach more nearly our great aspirations for American education. In discussions of school desegregation, the education of disadvantaged children, and the plight of the ghettoes, Howe emphasizes justice and the welfare of the nation. On such subjects as early childhood education, individualized instruction, work experience for adolescents, the education of teachers, the limitations of scholastic aptitude tests, educational technology, and the values of humanistic education, Howe expresses continuing concern for the… [PDF]

Gibson, Margaret A., Ed. (1976). Anthropological Perspectives on Multicultural Education. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, Vol. VII, No. 4, November 1976. A variety of anthropological perspectives on multiculturalism in formal education are provided in five papers and three commentaries. Countering the traditional anthropological view that each society has only one culture, the first paper emphasizes the multicultural nature of all societies. Four divergent approaches to the conceptualization of multicultural education are analyzed in the second paper. An alternative approach is suggested which, unlike the others, does not equate education with formal schooling or view multicultural education as a type of formal educational program. The third paper discusses the concepts of culture, cultural groups, and cultural scenes within school settings and points out the discrepancies between an anthropological conception of culture and the educational policy issues currently arising from multicultural school programs. The fourth paper analyzes the role of multicultural education in equalizing educational opportunity in a culturally pluralistic…

Bowman, Kaye, Ed. (2004). Equity in Vocational Education and Training. Research Readings. National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) Building equity into Australia's vocational education and training (VET) system is a key component of the National Strategy for Vocational Education and Training 2004-2010. This book of readings aims to contribute to this important facet of the national strategic plan. The book reviews the achievements equity groups have made, reports on the issues they face, and discusses how to integrate equity and diversity management models into a framework to achieve a more inclusive VET system. It includes chapters on the five recognised equity groups: (1) women; (2) people from non-English speaking backgrounds; (3) people from rural and remote areas; (4) people with a disability; and (5) Indigenous Australians. Additional chapters consider other possible groups such as, early school leavers, older workers, men, people in correctional services, and people with low literacy skills, and examines the merit of these becoming equity groups. Following an overview by Kaye Bowman, chapters include: (1)… [PDF]

Annexstein, Leslie T.; Bowen, Blannie E.; Esters, Levon T.; Ordover, Eileen L.; Reeve, Edward M.; Scott, Michael L., Ed. (2003). Equity Issues in Career and Technical Education. Information Series. Students in career and technical education programs increasingly represent gender, racial, and cultural diversity. Students with disabilities from a wide range of backgrounds are entering the work force and career and technical education programs. This paper takes a critical look at equity issues in career and technical education. After a brief foreword providing context, the first chapter gives an overview of why career and technical education programs are important for women and girls, with an emphasis on nontraditional education and training along with the barriers faced by female students in career and technical education programs. The second chapter describes a legal framework for developing high-quality, just, and equitable career and technical education systems for individuals with disabilities. A discussion of equity issues involving race and ethnicity comprises the third chapter. Equity issues in career and technical education that face immigrants or those for whom English… [PDF]

Jutting, Johannes: Morrisson, Christian (2005). Changing Social Institutions to Improve the Status of Women in Developing Countries. OECD Development Centre Policy Brief No. 27. OECD Publishing (NJ1) One of the long-standing priorities of the international community is to reduce gender disparity in developing countries. Yet, the overall picture is still gloomy: women continue to be excluded from access to resources and employment and are denied basic human rights. This Policy Brief explains why progress has been so minimal and what should be done about it. Recent Development Centre research (Morrisson and Jutting, 2004, 2005; Morrisson and Friedrich, 2004) has shown the institutional framework as key to understanding the economic role of women in developing countries, yet this framework has not received the attention it deserves. This Policy Brief summarises the lessons from this and other research to answer three questions. First, why are social institutions so important for gender equality? Second, what obstacles impede reforms of discriminatory social institutions, and why is progress so limited? Third, what policy lessons emerge for donors? Feminist studies emphasised the… [PDF] [Direct]

Klonoff, Elizabeth A.; Landrine, Hope (1997). Discrimination against Women: Prevalence, Consequences, Remedies. This book reports two scientific studies of the frequency of discrimination against women and the physical and mental health impacts of discrimination. The preface and introduction contain an overview of the studies, which examined a sample of women selected to represent educational, racial, economic, and age diversity, and a summary of existing scientific evidence of sex discrimination in health care, salaries, and work. The following items are included in part 1 (the first six chapters): rationale for and content of the 20-item Schedule of Sexist Events (SSE) that served as the survey instrument; results of administering the survey to the two samples (which consisted of 631 and 652 women, respectively); physical and psychiatric symptoms experienced by the women; and a theoretical model of how sexist discrimination impacts women's mental and physical health. The following papers constitute part 2 (chapters 7-8: "Coping with Sexist Discrimination: Toward Recovery and…

Sandler, Bernice Resnick, Ed. (1997). About Women on Campus, 1997. About Women on Campus, v6 n1-4. This quarterly newsletter provides information about the programs, issues, and concerns, of women students, faculty, and administrators in higher education. Each of the four issues (comprising one year's worth) has several regularly appearing sections that present brief news summaries and reports covering topics such as working in academe and elsewhere, around the campus, women's studies, women of color, athletics, sexual harassment, sexual assault, resources, World Wide Web resources, and job opportunities. A column on the activities of the American Council of Education's Office of Women in Higher Education also appears in each issue. Some issues also offer a feature article that presents a more detailed discussion of a topic; two such articles appearing in this volume of the newsletter include one that focuses on the origins of the Title IX Education Amendments of 1972, which prohibit sexual discrimination in educational institutions receiving federal money, and another which… [PDF]

Jager, Harry A. (1937). Let Freedom Ring! A Manual. Bulletin, 1937, No. 33. Office of Education, United States Department of the Interior \Let Freedom Ring!\ is a radio program built around the Bill of Rights and the questions that these rights raise. It is the contribution of the United States Department of the Interior, Office of Education, to the Sesquicentennial Celebration ordained by Congress. The series began on Washington's Birthday, Sunday, February 22, 1937, and continued for 12 Monday nights in half-hour programs from coast to coast over 50 stations of the Columbia Broadcasting System. All the experience of the Office of Education with radio, and the services of the Columbia System went with it. Our rights under the Constitution were divided into 13 units. Each was made the theme of a broadcast, with a script that tried to carry to its listeners the accuracy of history, the sweep of centuries, and the thrill of stirring drama. The \Let Freedom Ring!\ series offers us a new opportunity to aid in the teaching of true democracy, freedom, and the art of living together under the law, and of making… [PDF]

Hilliard, Asa G. (1988). Conceptual Confusion and the Persistence of Group Oppression through Education. Equity and Excellence, v24 n1 p36-43 Fall. Discusses the overlooked problems of privilege and oppression inherent in the American educational system. Argues that a national political commitment to a truly democratic society is required before inequity can be eliminated in education and all social institutions. (FMW)…

Winchester, N. Brian (1990). Will Democracy Come to South Africa?. Update on Law-Related Education, v14 n3 p23-27 Fall. Discusses prospects for democracy in South Africa. Explores the complexities and contradictions endemic to the process of overcoming 300 years of racist laws and practices. Considers the risks of concessions for both Black and White leaders; problems resulting from enduring political and economic inequalities; and constitutional alternatives. Argues democratic developments in South Africa will be incremental. (NL)…

Hancock, Charles R.; Jones, Janine Hancock (2005). Brown V. Board of Education at 50: Where Are We Now?. Negro Educational Review, The, v56 n1 p91-98 Jan. On May 17, 2004, our nation celebrated the 50th anniversary of a landmark decision, Brown versus the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. This U.S. Supreme Court decision was an impressive unanimous vote. In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the "separate but equal" doctrine of "Plessy v Ferguson" that the Court had rendered in 1896. The Court concluded that in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place and separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. The primary goal of this article is to build the case that Brown was and remains an important watershed moment in U.S. history, especially for those whose job it is to educate the next generations of collegiate Americans in small private institutions of higher learning and large public ones alike. This article first presents a brief historical recap of what happened in 1954 and then explores and presents answers to some questions such as, How far have… [Direct]

(1986). Preventing and Defending Actions by School District Employees. NSBA Council of School Attorneys Seminar. These legal documents and discussions represent a variety of litigations concerning state statutes and federal regulations. Part A, "Preventing a Law Suit," offers suggestions for avoiding employee termination lawsuits and presents documents for teacher evaluation and for teacher termination and grievance hearings. "New and Emerging Issues in School Employment Law," part B, includes eight sections: (1) guidelines, complaint procedures, and court decisions affecting Title VII and sexual harrassment; (2) two reports about preventing First Amendment problems and about employee discipline; (3) federal and state handicap statutes' limitations on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) policies; (4) implications of alcohol and drug abuse for the workplace; (5) significant court decisions concerning discipline of teachers for reasons of immorality; (6) enforcement of the state Public Employee Labor Relations Act; and (7) the status of part-time workers, or…

(1995). Harm's Way: The Many Faces of Violence and Abuse against Persons with Disabilities. The information in this book came from a Canadian survey of people with disabilities, along with interviews and focus group discussions with service providers, police, advocates, and family members (total n=120) and a review of the literature, case law, and statutes. The study focused on violent or abusive circumstances experienced by individuals with disabilities and the impact of those acts on their lives. Factors that can contribute to violence and abuse are identified, including negative social stereotypes concerning disability and having caregivers who may lack adequate training or support. Types of violence and abuse identified by persons with disabilities included: physical violence; denial of rights, necessities, privileges, and opportunities; verbal and emotional abuse; and failure to respond to their complaints of abuse and violence. Also considered are: issues of disclosure and identifying violence and abuse; responses after the problem has been identified; Canadian…

Sandler, Bernice Resnick, Ed. (1996). About Women on Campus, 1996. About Women on Campus, v5 n1-4. This quarterly newsletter provides information about the programs, issues, and concerns of women students, faculty, and administrators in higher education. Each of these four issues (comprising 1 year's worth) presents brief summaries of news items or reports in regularly appearing sections covering campus news, the workplace, sexual harassment, sexual assault, violence on campus, women in athletics, and women's studies. Other regular sections list the resources available (paper and electronic) in areas such as women's health and women in science. A column on the activities of the American Council on Education's Office of Women in Higher Education also appears in each issue. A limited number of employment opportunities are also advertised. (CH)… [PDF]

Bourland, Eric, Ed. (1996). Travel Training for Youth with Disabilities. NICHCY Transition Summary, v9 Jun. This issue consists of a collection of articles that focus on the types of skills and programs that youth with disabilities need to travel independently. Articles include: (1) "An Introduction to Travel Training" (Margaret M. Groce) discusses the support for travel training provided by the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and identifies skills that are required for traveling independently; (2) "What Equal Access to Transportation Means" (April M. Myers) describes the travel experiences of a woman with cerebral palsy and describes where to look for travel training programs; (3) "Travel Training for Persons with Cognitive or Physical Disabilities: An Overview" (Patricia J. Voorhees) outlines phases in a comprehensive travel training program and highlights what to look for when selecting a travel training program; (4) "A Model of a Travel Training Program–The New York City Board of Education Travel… [PDF]

Black, Allison M., Ed.; Feuer, Michael J., Ed.; Lesgold, Alan, Ed. (1997). Transitions in Work and Learning. Implications for Assessment. Papers and Proceedings (Washington, D.C., March 22-23, 1996). These 12 conference papers offer a view of the evolving role of assessment in fostering learning and clearer signaling of individuals' skills. \Introduction\ (Michael J. Feuer, Richard J. Shavelson) is followed by two papers in part I that question whether empirical evidence supports the claim of a skills mismatch in the economy: \Is There a Gap Between Employer Skill Needs and the Skills of the Work Force?\ (Harry J. Holzer) and \Skills and the Economy: An Employer Context for Understanding the School-to-Work Transition\ (Robert Zemsky). Two papers in part II are microlevel explorations of the changing nature of jobs in specific workplaces: \Should Social Skills Be in the Vocational Curriculum? Evidence from the Automotive Repair Field\ (Bonalyn Nelsen) and \Manufacturing the New Worker: Literate Activities and Working Identities in a High-Performance Versus a Traditionally Organized Workplace\ (Glynda Hull). Part III's two papers address implications of changing workplaces for the… [PDF]

Chatman, Steven P.; Smith, Kandis (1998). Can Race-Blind Policies Produce a Diverse Student Body? AIR 1998 Annual Forum Paper. This paper argues that there is reason to reconsider college admissions policies on three levels because: (1) some admissions measures exhibit racial or economic/social status bias, (2) there is evidence that financial barriers exist, and (3) a belief exists that race-blind admissions policies which include adjustments that offset students' social and economic circumstances can yield a more racially diverse student body than those mandated by legislation or judicial action. The first section of the paper examines key judicial and legislative actions to illustrate the evolution of racial preferences in the admissions process. In the next section, the paper reviews the results of research using criterion-related or predictive measures of validity and also looks at selection-bias research. In the next section, characteristics of students in public higher education in Missouri are examined for evidence of economic barriers to access. Finally, a series of race-blind admissions models… [PDF]

Hendrickson, Robert M. (1991). The Colleges, Their Constituencies and the Courts. NOLPE Monograph/Book Series, No. 43. This book defines the relationship between higher education corporations and their various constituencies: federal, state and local governments; employees; and students. The first chapter, "Higher Education Law," details the legal background. The second chapter, "Intergovernmental Relations," discusses litigation which defined the nature of the relationships between branches of government and among levels of government. The third chapter, "Faculty Employment Issues," reviews the case law and legal issues for employee actions surrounding tenure review, contract renewal and related issues as well as issues surrounding employee speech rights. The fourth chapter, "The Quest for Equity in Employment in Higher Education," treats the federal legislation that has molded current practice in this area. Chapter 5, "Collective Bargaining in Higher Education," treats organization, negotiation, grievance, binding arbitration, and the First…

Moore, Cory; And Others (1983). A Reader's Guide for Parents of Children with Mental, Physical, or Emotional Disabilities. An Update. Intended for parents of children with disabilities, the guide lists and provides information on helpful books. Part I presents annotations on books relevant to all disabilities. Topics covered include personal accounts, early intervention at home, special education rights, and disabled adults. Part II focuses on specific disabilities: autism, chronic illness, emotional/behavioral handicaps, epilepsy, hearing handicaps, hyperactivity, learning disabilities, mental retardation, multiple handicaps, physical handicaps, speech handicaps, and visual handicaps. Ten specific topics of interest are addressed in part III: attitudes, behavior modification, death and dying, genetics and genetic counseling, language development, planning for the future, prevention, rights of children, rights of persons with disabilities, and sexuality and sex education. Books for children about children with handicaps are listed in part IV, while references written by people with disabilities are complied in…

Brubacher, John S. (1982). On the Philosophy of Higher Education. Revised Edition. The Jossey-Bass Series in Higher Education. Basic academic issues such as institutional objectives, educational ethics, and methods of academic decision-making are examined in light of significant new social, economic, legal, and educational developments in this revision of the 1977 edition of \On the Philosophy of Higher Education.\ Focus is on the tension between pure research and social involvement, lay versus academic control, and academic freedom. The chapters are as follows: (1) \The Higher Learning\ (philosophies legitimating higher education, conflict of philosophies, and political philosophy); (2) \Academic Autonomy\ (the limits of autonomy, autonomy in academic hierarchy, collective bargaining, and student participation); (3) \Academic Freedom\ (the justifications, limits, and political aspects of academic freedom, student involvement, and civil liberties); (4) \Higher Education for Whom?\ (access to education, meritocracy and egalitarianism, and the quality of higher education); (5) \General and Specialized…

(1977). Second Annual Report, 1976. The annual report reviews the origins, organization, activities, and future plans of the National Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs during 1976. As described in chapter I, the Council was established by Congress in 1974 for the purpose of stimulating public policies and educational programs for women and girls. Chapter II outlines Council organization and functions in areas of review, evaluation, recommendation, and information dissemination. Chapter III describes Council activities related to the Womens Educational Equity Act, review of HEW's education division, vocational education, rural educational equity, sex discrimination, review of womens studies programs, legislative activities, and career education. Outreach activities of the Council include organizing regional hearings on educational inequity, soliciting ideas from womens' organizations, and cooperation with educational clearinghouses. These are described in chapter IV. Future plans of the Council are…

Wagner, Sherri; Wangen, Nancy Register (1977). Choices: Learning about Changing Sex Roles. Maintaining that sexism wastes talents by limiting an individual's choices, the document presents activities for elementary school students to increase awareness of sex roles and a set of inservice materials for training school personnel to teach about sexism. Activities are presented on two levels. Activities for primary grades deal with self-concept, recognizing sexism, growing up, and choices for the future. These activities involve students in making scrapbooks, filling out charts, drawing pictures, role playing, analyzing advertising material and photographs, and discussing stories and poems read by the teacher. Activities for upper elementary and junior high school focus on family research, historical research reporting, personal attitudes, data analysis, and life choices. Students are involved in keeping logs of personal ideas, tracing family trees, library research, listing various roles an individual might play, and analyzing primary sources such as personal diaries and…

Blanks, Raymond S., Ed. (1982). The Inequality of Justice: A Report on Crime and the Administration of Justice in the Minority Community. This report provides information on the impact of crime and the criminal justice system on minorities in the United States. The report is presented in two parts. Part one focuses on the historical perspective of crime and minority experience concerning crime, law enforcement, and the criminal justice system, with specific reference to blacks, Hispanic Americans, American Indians, and Asian Americans. Part two examines the inequality of justice as practiced in such institutions as the police forces, courts, and correctional facilities, and briefly discusses education, research, and community anti-crime efforts that affect minority groups. The report suggests that: 1) race is an important factor in the operation of the criminal justice system which seems to discriminate against minority racial/ethnic groups; 2) incarceration is applied primarily to the poor and minorities, while diversion, restitution, and other alternative programs are considered more appropriate for whites; 3)… [PDF]

Delon, Floyd G.; Garber, Lee O. (1982). The Law and the Teacher in Missouri–A Handbook for Teachers, Administrators, and School Board Members. Third Edition. This book is designed to acquaint Missouri teachers with the state laws that affect them. Teachers' legal status, their rights, duties, and obligations are defined. Examples are taken from constitutional provisions, judicial decisions, and statutory enactments to show both general aspects of school law for all teachers and specific applications to Missouri teachers. Chapters cover the following information: (1) education in the governmental structure; (2) the purpose of public education; (3) Missouri's governmental structure and its effect on education; (4) legal status of teachers; (5) teachers' certificates; (6) contractual status of teachers; (7) teacher tenure; (8) teacher retirement; (9) tort liability of school districts and school employees; (10) miscellaneous legal rights, responsibilities, and limitations of teachers; (11) collective negotiations in the teaching profession; and (12) ethics for the teaching profession. A bibliography of 11 books on education law is appended….

(1980). Awakening the Slumbering Giant: Intergovernmental Relations and Federal Grant Law. An Information Report. Eight papers from a one-day conference for lawyers, judges, and policy-makers discuss the effects on intergovernmental relations of the emerging body of laws, regulations, and court decisions governing federal grants and their recipients. The expanding importance of federal grants, notes an introduction to the papers, has meant both less leeway for state and local governments to turn down grants and many more court cases involving federal versus state sovereignty. Accompanied by comments and discussion, the first paper examines the current body of federal grant law and its legal and constitutional implications. Three further papers analyze government and private litigation over two large federal programs, the Community Development and Law Enforcement Assistance Administration block grants. A fourth paper gives tips and guidelines to state and local governments for arguing before the U.S. Supreme Court. To exemplify the legal, political, and fiscal implications of federal grant law,… [PDF]