(1981). The Legal Status of Adolescents 1980. This report presents both compilation of recent information on the legal status of adolescents in the United States and a resource for assessing the changes and trends faced by today's adolescents. The first eleven chapters of the report present summary tables and accompanying assessments of the sources of change that occurred in the statutory law of each state from 1975 to 1980, and the effect of these changes upon the current legal status of adolescents. The topics covered by these chapters include: emancipation statutes; commitment of minors to mental health institutions; children's participation in political processes; incarceration of children in adult jails; waiver of juvenile court jurisdiction; deinstitutionalization and alternative placements of status offenders; child voice in custody decisions; community support programs; and laws prohibiting the sexual exploitation of children. A brief summary preceding each chapter highlights the key changes and/or emerging issues… [PDF]

Sanders, M. J. (1978). Human Values and Educational Goals. Four issues concerning human values in America will affect the formation of future educational goals. These issues have impact on the development of a values system and on the analytical thought process. First is the need to choose between an emphasis on liberty and an emphasis on equality. Present confusion in American society is illustrated by the point that those persons who are against allowing individuals to decide on abortions are the same ones who insist on individual rights in regard to housing and the hiring of personnel. Second, decision making needs to include those affected by the results of the decision. Presently, decision making at a national level involves local issues, such as the presence of nuclear energy plants in certain states. Third, we must be aware that some of the decisions we make will affect our children. For example, the highway system of the 1950s immediately alleviated unemployment, subsidized trucking, and increased mobility. However, it fostered the…

Parker, Franklin (1980). Israel, Schools, and Arab Conflict in the Middle East. This paper examines how Israel's educational system attempts to deal with major social, geographic, religious, economic, and political problems. Problems are presented in two main categories–internal and external. Internal problems include high immigration levels, religious and cultural differences among various Jewish sects and between Jews and Israeli Arabs, a high inflation rate, negative attitudes among Israeli youth regarding Israel's social and political policies, and the paucity of Israel's natural resources when compared with her Arab neighbors. External problems center on Israel's location amidst unfriendly Arab nations. Israel's traditional education system consists of free and compulsory education for ages five through 16, free education from ages 16 through 18, vocational schools, professional and technical schools, universities with selective entrance requirements, and education for Israeli Arabs under a separate but equal policy. Many innovations have been developed… [PDF]

MILLER, ELIZABETH (1966). THE NEGRO IN AMERICA, A BIBLIOGRAPHY. MORE THAN 3,500 BOOKS, REPORTS, ARTICLES, AND PAMPHLETS CONCERNED WITH THE RIGHTS AND NEEDS OF THE NEGRO IN AMERICA, AND PUBLISHED SINCE THE 1954 SUPREME COURT SCHOOL DESEGREGATION DECISION, ARE LISTED IN THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY. VARIOUS CLASSIC WORKS AND ESSENTIAL BACKGROUND STUDIES PUBLISHED BEFORE 1954 ARE ALSO INCLUDED. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTAINS ANNOTATIONS, WHICH SPECIFY THE SCOPE OR SPECIAL IMPORT OF CERTAIN WORKS, AND AN AUTHOR INDEX. EACH OF ITS 14 SECTIONS IS INTRODUCED BY A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF THE PARTICULAR ASPECT OF NEGRO LIFE IT COVERS. IN ADDITION TO THE SECTION ON AIDS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH WHICH APPEARS AT THE END OF THE VOLUME, THERE ARE SECTIONS ON RACE, SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND CONDITIONS, INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS, HEALTH, AND INTERGROUP RELATIONS. WORKS OF NEGRO LITERATURE AND FOLKLORE ARE ALSO LISTED. MATERIALS RELEVANT TO THE NEGRO'S SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLITICAL PROBLEMS ARE ORGANIZED UNDER SUCH HEADINGS AS RURAL AND URBAN PROBLEMS, HOUSING AND URBAN RENEWAL,…

(1975). Student Rights and the Courts. The Best of ERIC, Number 9. This annotated bibliography includes some of the most recent material on the legal aspects of student rights, especially the constitutional issues that remain unresolved. Many of the articles summarized deal with the relationship between the schools and the courts–a relationship that is constantly being redefined with new court decisions affecting school policy. Fourteen documents and journal articles indexed in Resources in Education and the Current Index to Journals in Education are annotated. (Author)…

(1975). Before the Federal Communications Commission in Re Applications of Alabama Educational Television Commission. Arguments on the application of the Alabama Educational Television Commission (AETC) for license renewal of eight educational television stations were heard before the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Individuals from Black Efforts for Soul on Television and the National Association of Black Media Producers opposed the renewals, claiming that programing offered by AETC did not serve the needs of Alabama's minority population. The commission found the licensee had under-represented blacks at both production and planning levels, and excluded most black-oriented programing available from other sources. The AETC disclaimed responsibility for programing decisions of contract stations and maintained it had been unaware of discriminatory policies. The FCC held the AETC accountable, and though noting improvements since the end of the license term, denied renewal on the basis of performance during the term. The AETC was granted interim authority to continue station operation, until… [PDF]

Sedlacek, William E.; And Others (1972). Black and Other Minority Admissions to Large Universities: Three Year National Trends. The purpose of this study was to survey the large primarily white universities concerning freshmen entering in the fall of 1971 in order to note trends and changes in enrollment and admissions predictors. Sample population included black, American Indian, and Spanish Surname students. Returns were received from 99 percent of the admissions officers at institutions surveyed. Three year trends which have emerged indicate that black freshmen enrollment has leveled off to 4 percent in 1970 and 1971, after a rise from 3 percent in 1969. Despite the apparent intentions of many colleges and universities, fewer blacks are entering college. This study was intended: (1) to examine the amount of social change in our society as reflected by the number of blacks and other minority students entering primarily white universities as freshmen; and (2) to determine what universities are actually employing in selecting black and other minority students in order to shed light on the relationship… [PDF]

Clark, Todd, Ed. (1976). Supreme Court Highlights. Bill of Rights in Action, Vol. X, No. 3. The student-oriented newsletter provides learning activities, background information, resources, teaching techniques, case studies, and other sources to help high school teachers develop, plan, and implement a course on the Supreme Court in a legal education program. The first chapter examines the role of the Supreme Court in American life, selected cases decided by the Court in 1975-76, and methods used by the justices in considering issues. The second chapter discusses the death penalty as a legal concern and presents arguments in favor of and against the death penalty. A death sentencing simulation is presented in the third chapter, followed by description of fair trial procedures in the fourth chapter. Exercises for understanding the Right to Privacy as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights are incorporated into chapter five. A self-incrimination game is described in chapter six, followed by three case studies and background information on abortion in chapter seven. The last chapter… [PDF]

McCullough, Julie, Ed. (2004). Our Documents: A National Initiative on American History, Civics, and Service. Teacher Sourcebook, Volume III. National Archives and Records Administration Thousands of educators are using America's most important historic documents to help students learn the story of their nation and its citizens, thanks to the Our Documents initiative. This was one of the main objectives of Our Documents, which is part of the \National Initiative on American History, Civics, and Service,\ launched by President George W. Bush in September 2002. It is co-sponsored by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), National History Day (NHD), and the USA Freedom Corps. Since the launch, teachers around the country have been tapping into the resources on the \Our Documents\ web site, directing their students to it, and encouraging students to produce National History Day projects based on the documents. The \Our Documents\ web site (www.ourdocuments.gov) features full-color images of one hundred milestone documents, drawn primarily from the holdings of the National Archives; transcriptions; brief essays that place the documents in their… [PDF]

(2004). Diversity in BC Schools: A Framework. British Columbia Ministry of Education Diversity in BC schools is an overarching concept that reflects a philosophy of equitable participation and an appreciation of the contributions of all people. It is a concept that refers both to our uniqueness as individuals and to our sense of belonging or identification within a group or groups. Diversity refers to the ways in which we differ from each other. Some of these differences may be visible (e.g. Race, ethnicity, gender, age, ability), while others are less visible (e.g. Culture, ancestry, language, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, socio-economic background). The purpose of this document is to: (1) assist the school system in meeting its obligations under the Constitution Act, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the BC Human Rights Code, the Multiculturalism Act, the Official Languages Act, the Employment Equity Act, and the School Act; and (2) assist the school system in its ongoing efforts to create and maintain learning and working environments that are… [Direct]

Reschly, Daniel J. (1997). Disproportionate Minority Representation in General and Special Education: Patterns, Issues, and Alternatives. This monograph addresses issues concerned with the disproportionate representation of minority students, especially black students, in special education programs. It reviews the nondiscrimination legal requirements and protections as well as litigation in the federal courts. After a "warm-up exercise" in the form of a pre-test, an overview section reviews the history of disproportionate representation of minority students in special education. Part 2 discusses legal standards that require nondiscrimination in the assessment, classification, and placement of children with disabilities and reviews existing case law. Part 3 emphasizes the need to distinguish between different ways to analyze program representation statistics and notes that some of the problems of disproportionate minority representation arise from misunderstandings of these statistics. Part 4 reviews a variety of criteria and guidelines for analysis and decision-making. Part 5 looks at the prevention of… [PDF]

Martz, Carlton (2003). The Bill of Rights in Action, 2002-2003. Bill of Rights in Action, v18-19 2002-2003. This document includes the following issues of this journal: volume 18, number 3, Summer 2002; volume 18, number 4, Fall 2002; volume 19, number 2, Spring 2003; and volume 19, number 3, Summer 2003. The summer 2002 issue of "The Bill of Rights in Action" views problems related to victims of war. It focuses on the internment of Japanese Americans in camps during World War II, the court case that upheld it as constitutional, and subsequent attempts to compensate those held in the camps; examines the massacre of Chinese by Japanese troops just before World War II, and at the war crimes trial following the war; and examines how victims of World War II are attempting to get compensation through lawsuits. Each article includes questions for discussion and writing, a central activity, and a list of book for further reading. The Fall 2002 issue examines issues related to the environment; shows that humans have been experiencing environmental problems since the agricultural… [PDF]

Baker, Scott (2000). A Paradigm of Paradox: Race, Class, and Desegregation in the South. This paper explores paradoxes of southern school and university segregation, analyzing how National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) litigation and local African American activism altered southern public education. The paradoxes first surfaced in the 1940s, when the constitutionality of separate and unequal salary schedules for black and white teachers was challenged. Though NAACP-sponsored litigation forced changes, other types of discrimination surfaced (e.g., salaries based on test scores). The constitutionality of segregation in higher education was challenged in the 1930s-40s, but this created a new racial order in education where access was increasingly shaped by class. As black students won educational rights, university authorities adopted new requirements limiting their access. States began requiring students to pass standardized tests, which hindered lower class black students and permitted token numbers of middle class black students. Significant… [PDF]

Sgritta, Giovanni B. (1997). Inconsistencies: Childhood on the Economic and Political Agenda. Childhood: A Global Journal of Child Research, v4 n4 p375-404 Nov. Maintains that discriminations against children have increased recently, despite Convention on the Rights of the Child. Examines present condition of childhood in different countries of the ex-Communist bloc and Western world, particularly the levels of well-being and poverty. Attempts to understand the events that have marked reforms of the last decades in light of liberal ideology and theory. (Author/SD)…

Lipset, S. M.; Nevitte, Neil; Rothman, Stanley (2002). Diversity and Affirmative Action: The State of Campus Opinion. Academic Questions, v15 n4 p52-66 Sep. In December 2000, a U.S. District Court judge ruled that the University of Michigan could provide preference in admission policies to minority students. He relied partly on expert social science testimony, which concluded that such policies advance racial and ethnic diversity and improve the education of all students, not just the minority students admitted under the policy. Shortly thereafter, however, another District Court ruled that preferences by the University of Michigan law school, designed to achieve the same goal, did not pass Constitutional muster. In his decision, the judge accepted some "facts" about the possible beneficial consequences of diversity, but he expressed doubt as to whether such facts "trumped" constitutional notions of equal protection. He was later overruled. It is unclear how much of a role social science evidence will play in the forthcoming Supreme Court decision that is expected to address these inconsistencies. However, key… [Direct]

Mertz, Gayle (1995). Diversity and the Law. Lawyers in the Classroom Series. Providing legal perspectives on multiculturalism, this curriculum guide assists lawyers making classroom presentations and teachers at all levels. This booklet contains lesson plans and ancillary materials on the topic of "Diversity and the Law," for three different levels of students: elementary grades 4-6 (Level A), middle school grades 6-8 (Level B), and high school grades 9-12 (Level C). The level is identified near the page number. Additionally, each grade level contains pages for the lawyer (marked by the scales of justice), the teacher (an apple), and the student (a pencil). At the beginning of each level a chart of materials is provided, along with photocopying instructions. Overhead transparencies can be made of the main activity pages (marked by all three icons). The elementary school curriculum provides students with a working knowledge of the concepts of majority and minority status and the application of this knowledge to legal issues. Students learn that… [PDF]

Sandoz, Charles J. (1993). OSHA and ADA: "Reasonable Accommodation" in Training Persons with Developmental Disabilities. This paper documents an approach to meeting the training requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and the "reasonable accommodation" requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) for individuals with developmental disabilities. It describes a training program used with three adult workers with mild mental retardation which utilized icons to teach recognition of: (1) protective equipment; (2) hazards; (3) emergency response equipment; (4) the National Fire Protection Association labeling system; (5) target organs (dangers with acute or chronic effects on specific body organs); and (6) routes of entry (such as ingestation or inhalation). Subjects were given four weekly training sessions. Significant differences were found between baseline and post training scores with substantial maintenance on retesting 2 months after the training. Results have implications for training which increases employment opportunities for people with developmental… [PDF]

Sharp, Linda A. (1991). Sports. This chapter includes all cases, at either the K-12 or higher education level, that deal with student-athletes, coaches, athletic directors, athletic associations, and booster organizations. However, no case law is discussed that pertains to physical education instruction. The cases are discussed in the following sections: (1) eligibility; (2) equality of programs; (3) tort, including assault, defamation, and negligence; (4) employment, including contract disputes, discrimination, and workers' compensation; and (5) miscellaneous. (MLF)…

Hawkins, Robert B., Jr. (1982). Educational Opportunity, Parental Choice and Community: The Case for Reforming Public Education. Sequoia Advisories, Nov. For the last 10 years, polling data have recorded a consistent decline in the American citizen's support for public education. While public schools experienced an 8 percent decline in enrollment between 1968 and 1978, private school enrollment grew by 12 percent. The decline in quality of public education over the last 50 years appears strongly related to increasing pressures toward centralization and a steady increase in government control. Centralization and state control have resulted in withdrawn parental authority and decreased public school diversity. Public school improvement now depends on the creation of policy options for competitive public school systems that would restore the full participation of individual citizens to educational policy-making. Such participation does not necessarily mean a decentralized system, but one based on foundations of choice, opportunity, and community. These moral principles would be served at the state level by guaranteeing, for example, the…

(1977). Annotated Bibliography of Multi-Ethnic Curriculum Materials, Fifth Supplement. The document presents annotations of multiethnic curriculum materials collected in 1977 since publication of the previous supplement. Topics included in the bibliography are behavior problems in the multi-ethnic classroom, attitudes of minority group members, language problems of non-English speaking students, folklore of various ethnic groups, history and significance of the women's movement, legislation relating to equal educational opportunity, American cultural heritage, immigration, and cross-cultural communication. Materials are listed alphabetically in five categories: books, films, filmstrips, recordings, and booklets. For each entry, the following information is presented: name of author, editor or compiler; publisher; purchase price; abstract of the material; and suggested grade level. Also provided for each entry is a source reference number which corresponds with a numbered list of names and addresses of sources where materials may be purchased. The list of sources is…

(1980). Employment Goals of the World Plan of Action: Developments and Issues in the United States. Report for the World Conference on the United Nations Decade for Women, 1976-1985. This report focuses on economic, social, and legal development affecting women's employment in the United States during the first half of the United Nations Decade for Women. The first section reports on the economic roles of women in the U.S. as their participation in the labor force reached historically high levels during the last half of the 1970s. The employment status is detailed for such selected subgroups of the women's labor force as working mothers and wives, women who maintain families, Hispanic women, and Black women. Segregation is also addressed. Section 2 presents an analysis of policy developments and issues relevant to the World Plan of Action. It discusses measures and programs to reduce discrimination in employment as well as policies affecting the opportunities and economic regards for women who have changing and multiple roles. The final section highlights the initiatives of voluntary, nongovernmental organizations. Examples include training and employment… [PDF]

Knott, A. E.; And Others (1977). Australian Schools and the Law: Principal, Teacher and Student. This handbook on Australian school law is meant for practicing teachers, principals and other educators, parents, teacher training institutions, and lawyers in that country. It explains the basic principles underlying a large number of legal problems facing Australian teachers and offers practical guidance in dealing with them. Among the problems covered in its 10 chapters are the origins and present trends of school law; teacher protection against student allegations; student misconduct and assaults; corporal punishment and detention; student accidents and safety on the way to or from as well as in school; student attendance; parental access to and custody conflicts over students; confidentiality of schools' records and counseling activities; copyright laws regarding class materials; students' property rights; homework assignments; out-of-school harassment of teachers; and the legal rights of parents. (RW)…

Horowitz, Irving Louis (1977). National Policy Makers: New Directions in the Social Scientific Study of Policies Effecting Equity and Justice. The document examines social science influence in the policy-making process through interviews with proponents of various major positions in the policy arena. A wide variety of responses is presented in order to more clearly assess needs of a changing society, investigate how social science education might be changed to reflect those needs, record the most pressing concerns in policy making studies, and provide a collective portrait of how social scientists view their role and performance in government. Twelve social scientists, who have experience working in U.S. government, discuss political allegiance of social scientists; ways of achieving equity, justice, and democracy; problems of policy implementation; rates and specific methods by which general goals should be reached; and methodological contributions of social scientists to policy formation. Among the specific topics dealt with are policies made during the \Great Society\ and the adjustments and changes wrought by these…

Bayes, Bonnie, Ed.; Lines, Patricia, Ed. (1977). The People Power Papers: A New Birth of Freedom. The six papers which comprise this document are the result of a year-long \New Birth of Freedom\ program in Seattle. The sponsoring organization was a broadly-based group called the People Power Coalition, comprised of civic organizations, churches, research institutes, and media outlets. The program examined the Declaration of Independence in light of contemporary challenges. \Freedom of Speech and Religion\ presents results of a questionnaire to determine the value persons place on the first amendment rights. \Freedom of Equality\ examines problems stemming from the pursuit of equal opportunity, particularly reverse discrimination. \Freedom and Learning\ discusses problems facing public education: subject matter, community responsibility, student and teacher rights, and finances. \Freedom at the Grassroots\ reviews recent political activity in Seattle. Questions concerning community role, extending grassroots democracy, restructuring government, and developing new resources are…

(1979). Fact Sheets from the ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children: 1979 Series. A series of 20 fact sheets is provided giving basic information on specific subjects of interest to those working with handicapped and gifted children. The fact sheets, developed by the ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children during fiscal year 1979, are designed in question/answer format and have resource references. Following are the topics of the fact sheets: career education, how a parent group can effect legislation for the gifted and talented, the special education job market, federal resources for special education, assessment of minority students, cultural values and motivation, educational rights of American Indian and Alaska native handicapped children, special problems of handicapped minority students, multicultural education and the exceptional child, self identity and the culturally diverse child, affirmative action for the handicapped, reaching handicapped children in their early years, the argument for early…

Dadzie, Stella, Comp. (1998). Equality Assurance: Self-Assessment for Equal Opportunities in Further Education. This manual is intended as a tool kit for further education (FE) colleges to use to develop their own approaches to equal opportunities policy development and implementation. The following topics are discussed in the eight sections: the manual's development; the case for equality; things an equal opportunities policy should cover; strategic and operational planning and the measurement of achievement; the self-assessment process; sector standards, key questions, and sources of indicative evidence (the FE college and its mission; teaching and learning; students' achievements; curriculum content, organization, and management; support for students; staffing and specialist equipment and cross-college and general provision; quality assurance; management; governance); and legal framework (relevant provisions of acts regarding sex, racial, and disability discrimination; legislative and nonlegislative equal opportunities considerations; case law). Appended are the following: practical… [PDF]

May, Stephen, Ed. (1999). Indigenous Community-Based Education. After a long history as a tool of forced assimilation of indigenous populations, education is now a key arena in which indigenous peoples can reclaim and revalue their languages and cultures and thereby improve the academic success of indigenous students. Community-based education offers a means by which indigenous peoples can regain a measure of direct control of the educational process. This book presents a multinational perspective on indigenous community-based educational initiatives. Following an introduction by Stephen May, the chapters are: (1) "Community-Based Education for Indigenous Cultures" (David Corson); (2) "Indigenous Education and the Ecology of Community" (Mark Fettes); (3) "Language and Education Rights for Indigenous Peoples" (Stephen May); (4) "Emancipatory Maori Education: Speaking from the Heart" (Arohia Durie); (5) "Indigenous Community-Based Language Education in the USA" (Teresa L. McCarty, Lucille J….

Bohmer, Susanne; Briggs, Joyce L. (1991). Teaching Privileged Students about Gender, Race, and Class Oppression. Teaching Sociology, v19 n2 p154-63 Apr. Uses the concept of oppression to teach about gender, race, and class in an introductory social psychology course. Discusses the intersections between them and suggests how issues about oppression can be integrated into the classroom. Directs course toward White, middle-class students who lack a comprehension of societal oppression. (Author/NL)…

Benton, Jean E., Ed.; Swami, Piyush, Ed. (2007). Creating Cultures of Peace: Pedagogical Thought and Practice. Selected Papers from the 10th Triennial World Conference (September 10-15, 2001, Madrid, Spain). World Council for Curriculum and Instruction The 10th Triennial World Conference of the World Council for Curriculum and Instruction (WCCI) was held September 10-15, 2001 in Madrid, Spain. The theme of the conference was "Cultures of Peace." Thirty-four papers and presentations are divided into nine sections. Part I, Tributes to the Founders of WCCI, includes: (1) Tribute to Alice Miel (Louise Berman); and (2) Tribute to Maxine Dunfee (Norman Overly). Part II, Promoting Dialogue about Cultures of Peace, includes: (3) Counting All, Ignoring None: Problems and Promises for a Culture of Peace (Piyush Swami); and (4) Quality Education: Educational Personalization and Social Pertinence (Ramon Perez Juste). Part III, Reflecting on the Values, Attitudes, and Behaviors that Inspire Peaceful Social Interaction and Sharing, includes: (5) Pedagogy of the Spirit: Creating Pathways to Peace (Diane Lee); (6) Knowledge and Curriculum: Diversity and Stability (Jagdish Gundara); (7) Sources of Values and Their Influence on Teachers'… [Direct]

David, Anna, Ed. (1987). Navajos: A Source Booklet for Teachers and Students. As part of the National Education Association (NEA) Mastery in Learning Project, faculty and students of the Greasewood/Toyei Consolidated Boarding School developed a booklet of Navajo students' work. The purpose of the booklet is to promote better understanding of the Navajo culture. Navajo culture emphasizes respect for the earth, reverence of nature, and high regard for the elderly. The booklet describes Dine' Bizaad, the oral Navajo language and gives phonetic representations of various Navajo words. Poetry, stories, and drawings portray ceremonies, legends, beliefs, and traditions. Sections on weaving, pottery, sand painting, and toy making include lists of materials and procedures necessary to complete activities in the classroom. The final section contains recipes for traditional Navajo foods. (KS)…