(1980). Vocational Education. Report by the Secretary of Education to the Congress. This report prepared by the Policy Analysis and Legislation Staff of the Office of Vocational and Adult Education, for the Congress, discusses the status of vocational education using statistical information, state evaluations, and audits, and reports compliance and quality of vocational education programs in selected states. The general provisions of state vocational programs, their basic grant structure, and a review of state program improvement and supportive services are provided. In addition, the states' programs for the disadvantaged and for consumer and homemaking education are reviewed. Presented next are the general provisions of national vocational programs along with an overview of programs of national significance, bilingual vocational training, and the emergency assistance program for remodeling and renovation of vocational education facilities. Then a discussion of the Appalachian Regional Development Commission (ARDC) is provided. Twenty enrollment tables and 12… [PDF]

(2004). Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Liechtenstein–National Description 2003/04. Eurydice The national contributions contained in this paper and on the Eurydice website formed the basis for the comparative study on the integration at school of immigrant children in Europe. Each contribution has exactly the same structure with four main sections entitled as follows: (1) National definitions and demographic context of immigration; (2) Measures offering school-based support to immigrant children and their families; (3) Intercultural approaches in education; and (4) Evaluation, pilot projects, debates and forthcoming reforms. This paper focuses on the integration at school of immigrant children in Liechtenstein. [CD-ROM is not included with this publication. For the main report, "Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Measures to Foster Communication with Immigrant Families and Heritage Language Teaching for Immigrant Children," see ED539128.]… [Direct]

Verdun, Vincene (2005). The Big Disconnect between Segregation and Integration. Negro Educational Review, The, v56 n1 p67-82 Jan. The hearts and minds of the American people have been won over on the issue of segregation. However, the dilemma is that while an overwhelming majority of Americans would cringe at the idea of a racially segregated America, America remains racially segregated and racial equality is more ideal than real. Even though there is almost no legal segregation in America, most Americans live in segregated neighborhoods, attend segregated schools and churches, play on segregated beaches, vacation in segregated hotels and resorts and many have segregated workplaces. There is an apparent theoretical disconnection in America between the evils of segregation and the virtues of integration. This article takes a look in broad strokes over the past 50 years at how America has progressed legally, ideally and really from the pre-"Brown" society that accepted the legal segregation of the races, to the post-"Grutter" society, which has sacrificed racial integration, and accepted… [Direct]

Rosiek, Jerry (2003). Emotional Scaffolding: An Exploration of the Teacher Knowledge at the Intersection of Student Emotion and the Subject Matter. Journal of Teacher Education, v54 n5 p399-412 Nov. The practical knowledge that enables good teaching has emerged over the past decade as an area of critical interest to educational researchers. This article reports on insights gathered during a series of teacher practical knowledge research projects that took place over a 10-year period with more than 40 teacher interns and experienced teachers. The groups were convened for the purpose of critiquing and refining the concept of pedagogical content knowledge. One practice that became a focus of inquiry in these groups was the tailoring of pedagogical representations to influence students' emotional response to some specific aspect of the subject matter being taught. This practice was named "emotional scaffolding". Several examples of emotional scaffolding are provided and a typology of approaches to emotional scaffolding is offered. Possible implications for teacher knowledge theory and teacher education curriculum are explored…. [Direct]

Kaplin, William A. (1985). The Law of Higher Education: A Comprehensive Guide to Legal Implications of Administrative Decision Making. Second Edition. The role of the law on campus is addressed in this resource book for administrators and legal counsel. An overview covers sources of postsecondary education law (e.g., statutes, institutional contracts) and dichotomies between the public and private sectors and between school and church. Attention is directed to: legal concepts and issues affecting internal relationships on campus and external relationships with private accrediting agencies and with local, state, and federal government; the law's impact on administrators' roles and functions; and broad questions of governmental power and process. Specific topics include: institutional and personal liability for acts of trustees and administrators; employment contracts; collective bargaining; nondiscrimination in employment; standards and procedures for faculty personnel decisions; faculty academic freedom; the legal status of students; admissions; financial aid; disciplinary rules; grades, credits, and degrees; suspension/dismissal;…

(1979). Manual of Standards for Juvenile Training Schools and Services. This manual of standards for juvenile training schools and services contains 487 American Correctional Association standards for the accreditation of juvenile training schools (youth development centers, villages, correction centers, treatment centers, service centers, homes for boys and girls, camps, and ranches). Standards presented are organized according to the following 20 subject areas: administration; fiscal management; personnel; training and staff development; planning and coordination; management information systems; records; research and evaluation; physical plant; security and control; food service; sanitation, safety, and hygiene; medical and health care services; resident rights; resident rules and discipline; mail, visiting, and telephone; program and services; reception, classification, transfer, and release; release and revocation; and volunteer involvement. A glossary, the articles of incorporation of the Commission on Accreditation for corrections, and the code of…

(2001). Evaluation of America's Career Kit. The Employment and Training Administration's (ETA's) development and implementation of America's Career Kit (ACK), which is an online career development resource for individuals needing job search assistance, career guidance, salary data, and training and educational resources, was evaluated. The evaluation was designed to determine whether ACK has developed adequate performance measures to gauge the program's overall success and addressed the compliance requirements of the Department of Labor's (DOL's) equal employment opportunity agencies. Several concerns related to development, implementation, and monitoring of ACK were identified. All the identified issues were related to the America's Job Bank (AJB) component of ACK. The evaluation established that AJB's overall effectiveness is difficult to assess and that ETA has not fully addressed the compliance concerns of DOL agencies responsible for equal employment regulations. The following were among the nine recommendations for… [PDF]

(1999). Minorities and Adult Learning: Communication among Majorities and Minorities. Adult Learning and the Challenges of the 21st Century. A Series of 29 Booklets Documenting Workshops Held at the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education (Hamburg, Germany, July 14-18, 1997). This booklet, which was produced as a follow-up to the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education, examines communication among minorities and nonminorities in adult education programs. The booklet begins with a sketch of the situation of minority group members around the world and a list of 10 ways education policy and legislation can advance minority rights. Discussed next is the importance of allocating resources for education so that the different levels of need and different barriers in areas are taken into account. The importance of recognizing minorities' learning systems is underscored. The following are among the eight recommendations for adult learning by and for minority communities: (1) include minority knowledge, culture, language, religion, lifestyle, and history in curricula in a manner promoting mutual respect and understanding between communities; (2) recognize the role and value of minorities' traditional out-of-school learning processes; (3) link… [PDF]

Gordon, David, T., Ed. (2001). Harvard Education Letter, 2001. Harvard Education Letter, v17 n1-6. This document is comprised of the six issues in volume 17 of the Harvard Education Letter, a bimonthly newsletter addressing current issues in elementary and secondary education. Articles in this volume include the following: (1) January-February–"Charters and Districts: Three Stages in an Often Rocky Relationship" (Kelly) and "'We Don't Allow That Here'" (Pirozzi); (2) March-April–"The New Face of Homeschooling" (Farber) and "Collateral Damage" (Birk) on high stakes testing; (3) May-June–"Closing the Gap One School at a Time" (Sadowski) and "Teachers Helping Teachers" (Kelly); (4) July-August–"Seeking a Cure for Senior-Year Slump" (Kelly) and "Nuts and Bolts of Charter-Business Partnerships" (Kelly); (5) September-October–"Sexual Minority Students Benefit from School-Based Support–Where It Exists" (Sadowski) and "Solving Problems with 'Action Research'"; and (6)… [PDF]

Prenger, Suzanne M., Ed. (1999). Teaching for Inclusion: A Resource Book for NU Faculty. This teaching manual helps college faculty understand how to work with diverse students in the classroom. An introductory section defines diversity, discusses teacher attitudes, and suggests where to begin. The 14 chapters are: (1) "Creating Inclusive Classrooms"; (2) "Selected Strategies for Teaching for Inclusion"; (3) "Gender"; (4) "Class in the Classroom"; (5) "African American Students"; (6) "Latino/Hispanic Students"; (7) "Native American Students"; (8) "Asian American Students"; (9) "European American Students"; (10) "International Students"; (11) "Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Students" (12) "Students with Diverse Religious Beliefs"; (13) "Students with Special Physical or Learning Disabilities"; and (14) "Nontraditional Students." The 15 appendixes include tables, lists, and data on: faculty and staff diversity; gender… [PDF]

(2004). Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Romania–National Description 2003/04. Eurydice The national contributions contained in this paper and on the Eurydice website formed the basis for the comparative study on the integration at school of immigrant children in Europe. Each contribution has exactly the same structure with four main sections entitled as follows: (1) National definitions and demographic context of immigration; (2) Measures offering school-based support to immigrant children and their families; (3) Intercultural approaches in education; and (4) Evaluation, pilot projects, debates and forthcoming reforms. This paper focuses on the integration at school of immigrant children in Romania. (Contains 2 footnotes.) [CD-ROM is not included with this publication. For the main report, "Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Measures to Foster Communication with Immigrant Families and Heritage Language Teaching for Immigrant Children," see ED539128.]… [Direct]

(2004). Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Portugal–National Description 2003/04. Eurydice The national contributions contained in this paper and on the Eurydice website formed the basis for the comparative study on the integration at school of immigrant children in Europe. Each contribution has exactly the same structure with four main sections entitled as follows: (1) National definitions and demographic context of immigration; (2) Measures offering school-based support to immigrant children and their families; (3) Intercultural approaches in education; and (4) Evaluation, pilot projects, debates and forthcoming reforms. This paper focuses on the integration at school of immigrant children in Portugal. Cultural groups/nationalities are appended. A bibliography is included. (Contains 6 footnotes.) [CD-ROM is not included with this publication. For the main report, "Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Measures to Foster Communication with Immigrant Families and Heritage Language Teaching for Immigrant Children," see ED539128.]… [Direct]

(2004). Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Latvia–National Description 2003/04. Eurydice The national contributions contained in this paper and on the Eurydice website formed the basis for the comparative study on the integration at school of immigrant children in Europe. Each contribution has exactly the same structure with four main sections entitled as follows: (1) National definitions and demographic context of immigration; (2) Measures offering school-based support to immigrant children and their families; (3) Intercultural approaches in education; and (4) Evaluation, pilot projects, debates and forthcoming reforms. This paper focuses on the integration at school of immigrant children in Latvia. A bibliography is included. (Contains 5 tables and 1 footnote.) [CD-ROM is not included with this publication. For the main report, "Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Measures to Foster Communication with Immigrant Families and Heritage Language Teaching for Immigrant Children," see ED539128.]… [Direct]

Alston, Denise A.; Trujillo, Octaviana V. (2005). A Report on the Status of American Indians and Alaska Natives in Education: Historical Legacy to Cultural Empowerment. National Education Association On October 27, 2004, the National Education Association (NEA) joined with the National Indian Education Association (NIEA) to host "Moving from Research to Practice: A Summit on Indian Students." Over 100 American Indian and Alaska Native education practitioners and researchers from Alaska to Mississippi gathered to share their knowledge of effective educational strategies for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) students. Presentations focused on four themes: Using Native Language and Culture to Promote Success in Indian Students; Preparing Educators to Be Effective Supports for Student Achievement; Reaching Out to the Community to Create Success; and Promoting Policies that Benefit Indian Students. This report draws, in part, on the presentations and discussions held at the Summit, and explores several aspects of the American Indian/Alaska Native historical, social, and cultural experiences as they relate to the development of Indian education. Using these experiences as… [PDF]

Burns, Matthew K.; Ysseldyke, James E. (2005). Comparison of Existing Responsiveness-to-Intervention Models to Identify and Answer Implementation Questions. California School Psychologist, v10 p9-20. Responsiveness-to-intervention (RTI) is the front-running candidate to replace current practice in diagnosing learning disabilities, but researchers have identified several questions about implementation. Specific questions include: Are there validated intervention models? Are there adequately trained personnel? What leadership is needed? When does due process protection begin? and Is RTI a defensible endpoint in the identification process? These questions were addressed by examining four existing large-scale RTI models, Heartland Model (Iowa), Intervention-Based Assessment (Ohio), Instructional Support Teams (Pennsylvania), and the Problem-Solving Model in Minneapolis (Minnesota) Public Schools. The RTI process led to positive outcomes for children with and without disabilities, but all four models were phased-in over time, relied on extensive training for a multidisciplinary team, and followed a protocol to develop data-based adaptations. Clarification about team membership,… [Direct]

Russell, William Benedict, III, Ed. (2009). International Society for the Social Studies Annual Conference Proceedings (Orlando, Florida, February 26-27, 2009). Volume 2009, Issue 1. International Society for the Social Studies The "International Society for the Social Studies Annual Conference Proceedings" is a peer-reviewed professional publication published once a year following the annual conference. It contains the following papers: (1) Teacher Perceptions of Authentic Pedagogy: A Case Study of Professional Development in an African American High School's Government Class (Christopher Andrew Brkich); (2) Characteristics of Effective Secondary Level History Teachers (Brad Burenheide); (3) Teaching Secondary Social Studies in Inner-City Schools (Chris Busey); (4) Using the 2008 Election to Teach Political and Social Concepts (Chris Busey and Stewart Waters); (5) Culturally Responsible Teaching: A Pedagogical Approach for the Social Studies Classroom (Brandon M. Butler and Alexander Cuenca); (6) The Battle for Stalingrad: An Interactive Approach towards Learning about World War Two (Jeff Byford); (7) Are We Ready for Another Curriculum Revolution? Evaluating the Strength and Weaknesses of the… [PDF]

Weston, Kathleen M. (1982). The Apprenticeship and Blue Collar System. Putting Women on the Right Track. This guide provides a systems approach to increasing the numbers of women in apprenticeships and skilled blue collar jobs. Its components form the Apprenticeship and Blue Collar (ABC) System. This system was developed from the experiences of hundreds of employment and training professionals and from several targeted outreach programs currently assisting women to enter the trades. The chapters, each covering a single component, follow a typical woman's progress through the system, from the first step of outreach and recruitment, through orientation, individual counseling and tutorials, training, referral, job development, and follow-up. Throughout the chapters, advice is given to help employment counselors, women's advocates, and trades recruiters to recruit blue-collar women and conduct workshops and training sessions, with emphasis on overcoming sex stereotypic barriers to nontraditional occupations. A glossary and a list of resources are included in the publication. Appendixes…

Lancaster, Anita Sklare (1985). Assist Clients with Equity Rights and Responsibilities. Module CG C-18 of Category C–Implementing. Competency-Based Career Guidance Modules. This learning module, one in a series of competency-based guidance program training packages focusing upon professional and paraprofessional competencies of guidance personnel, deals with assisting clients with equity rights and responsibilities. Addressed in the module are the following topics: defining various terms related to equality of employment opportunity, analyzing major Federal laws and executive orders related to equality of employment opportunity, and understanding major Federal guidelines related to equality of employment opportunity. The module consists of readings and learning experiences covering these three topics. Each learning experience contains some or all of the following: an overview, a competency statement, a learning objective, one or more individual learning activities, an individual feedback exercise, one or more group activities, and a facilitator's outline for use in directing the group activities. Concluding the module are a participant self-assessment… [PDF]

Reutter, E. Edmund, Jr. (1981). Schools and the Law. The basic areas of school law in the United States, from the governmental framework in which education functions to concerns about teachers, pupils, and school property, are covered in this book. Separate chapters describe the roles of governmental agencies at federal, state, and local levels and discuss regulation of what is taught as well as how, to whom, and by whom. Additional chapters focus on contemporary legal problems faced by schools: regulation of student conduct; liability for injury to students; management of school property; the legal aspects of providing transportation; the financing of education; the relationships between religion, education, and government in both public and private schools; and requirements for desegregation. Prepared as a layman's summary of the current state of the law, this document omits the footnotes and case citations typically found in legal analyses in favor of brevity and readability. (Author/PGD)…

(2004). Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Lithuania–National Description 2003/04. Eurydice The national contributions contained in this paper and on the Eurydice website formed the basis for the comparative study on the integration at school of immigrant children in Europe. Each contribution has exactly the same structure with four main sections entitled as follows: (1) National definitions and demographic context of immigration; (2) Measures offering school-based support to immigrant children and their families; (3) Intercultural approaches in education; and (4) Evaluation, pilot projects, debates and forthcoming reforms. This paper focuses on the integration at school of immigrant children in Lithuania. A bibliography is included. (Contains 3 footnotes.) [CD-ROM is not included with this publication. For the main report, "Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Measures to Foster Communication with Immigrant Families and Heritage Language Teaching for Immigrant Children," see ED539128.]… [Direct]

(2004). Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Austria–National Description 2003-04. Eurydice The national contributions contained in this paper and on the Eurydice website formed the basis for the comparative study on the integration at school of immigrant children in Europe. Each contribution has exactly the same structure with four main sections entitled as follows: (1) National definitions and demographic context of immigration; (2) Measures offering school-based support to immigrant children and their families; (3) Intercultural approaches in education; and (4) Evaluation, pilot projects, debates and forthcoming reforms. This paper focuses on the integration at school of immigrant children in Austria. (Contains 7 footnotes.) [CD-ROM is not included with this publication. For the main report, "Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Measures to Foster Communication with Immigrant Families and Heritage Language Teaching for Immigrant Children," see ED539128.]… [Direct]

(2004). Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Norway–National Description 2003/04. Eurydice The national contributions contained in this paper and on the Eurydice website formed the basis for the comparative study on the integration at school of immigrant children in Europe. Each contribution has exactly the same structure with four main sections entitled as follows: (1) National definitions and demographic context of immigration; (2) Measures offering school-based support to immigrant children and their families; (3) Intercultural approaches in education; and (4) Evaluation, pilot projects, debates and forthcoming reforms. This paper focuses on the integration at school of immigrant children in Norway. (Contains 1 footnote.) [CD-ROM is not included with this publication. For the main report, "Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Measures to Foster Communication with Immigrant Families and Heritage Language Teaching for Immigrant Children," see ED539128.]… [Direct]

(2004). Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Malta–National Description 2003/04. Eurydice The national contributions contained in this paper and on the Eurydice website formed the basis for the comparative study on the integration at school of immigrant children in Europe. Each contribution has exactly the same structure with four main sections entitled as follows: (1) National definitions and demographic context of immigration; (2) Measures offering school-based support to immigrant children and their families; (3) Intercultural approaches in education; and (4) Evaluation, pilot projects, debates and forthcoming reforms. This paper focuses on the integration at school of immigrant children in Malta. (Contains 1 footnote.) [CD-ROM is not included with this publication. For the main report, "Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Measures to Foster Communication with Immigrant Families and Heritage Language Teaching for Immigrant Children," see ED539128.]… [Direct]

(2004). Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: France–National Description 2003/04. Eurydice The national contributions contained in this paper and on the Eurydice website formed the basis for the comparative study on the integration at school of immigrant children in Europe. Each contribution has exactly the same structure with four main sections entitled as follows: (1) National definitions and demographic context of immigration; (2) Measures offering school-based support to immigrant children and their families; (3) Intercultural approaches in education; and (4) Evaluation, pilot projects, debates and forthcoming reforms. This paper focuses on the integration at school of immigrant children in France. (Contains 4 footnotes.) [CD-ROM is not included with this publication. For the main report, "Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Measures to Foster Communication with Immigrant Families and Heritage Language Teaching for Immigrant Children," see ED539128.]… [Direct]

Gappa, Judith M. (1981). Equity and Vocational Education: Guidelines for the 1980s. A study examined 17 papers dealing with the issue of equity in vocational education. Synthesized during the study were ideas set forth in papers written by individuals involved in the academic community, vocational education, and special interest group advocacy. All the papers, to varying degrees, focus on the barriers posed by vocational delivery systems, financial constraints, employment discrimination, and economic problems to the following special needs groups: disadvantaged persons, disabled persons, limited-English proficient individuals, older adults, members of racial and ethnic minority groups, and men and women who experience sex discrimination. Based on the points raised in these papers, the researcher developed a series of recommendations pertaining to the implementation of Title II of the Education Amendments of 1976; improved communication; and shared responsibility, training of vocational educators and administrators, curricula and services, funding alternatives, and… [PDF]

Henry, J. Marilyn; Taylor, Dalmas A. (1977). Ethnicity and Bicultural Considerations in Psychology: Meeting the Needs of Ethnic Minorities. This paper summarizes the history, philosophy, and recruitment methodology of the American Psychological Association (APA) Minority Fellowship Program. The aim of the program is participation by ethnic minorities in the development of psychology, both as a practicing art and as a science. The APA received a training grant to provide fellowship stipends to ethnic minority students eligible for or attending graduate programs leading to a Ph.D. in psychology. From 1974 through 1977, stipend awards were made to 115 students from 44 institutions. In most cases, student support was cost-shared by the institution. Evidence suggests that even though minority admission is increasing, there continues to be a need to modify existing standards for optimal success of the program. Special student recruitment efforts must be considered; modified interpretation or exclusion of GRE scores for other predictive information is desirable; a support system consisting of a critical mass of ethnic minority… [PDF]

White, Lenford (2002). Engaging Black Learners in Adult and Community Education. NIACE Lifelines in Adult Learning. This guide explains how adult and community education (ACE) providers across Great Britain can engage black learners in ACE by making their learning programs relevant, challenging, and appropriate to adult learners from black and minority groups. The following topics are discussed: (1) the importance of engaging black and minority learners in ACE; (2) terminology; (3) institutional racism; (4) ACE's role in eradicating racism and valuing diversity; (5) getting started by understanding the community and its needs; (6) ACE practitioners' legal responsibilities stemming from the 1976 Race Relations Act; (7) working in partnership; (8) developing a meaningful curriculum; (9) strategies for sustainability; (10) ensuring that what is offered is needed; (11) minding program quality and measuring program impact; and (12) sharing information about successful programs. Thirteen good practices, including the following, are presented: (1) identify currently available ACE opportunities; (2)…

(2004). Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Ireland–National Description 2003/04. Eurydice The national contributions contained in this paper and on the Eurydice website formed the basis for the comparative study on the integration at school of immigrant children in Europe. Each contribution has exactly the same structure with four main sections entitled as follows: (1) National definitions and demographic context of immigration; (2) Measures offering school-based support to immigrant children and their families; (3) Intercultural approaches in education; and (4) Evaluation, pilot projects, debates and forthcoming reforms. This paper focuses on the integration at school of immigrant children in Ireland. Appended are: (1) 10 most frequently reported countries of origin of Ireland's asylum-seeking population per year, 1998-2001; and (2) Programme refugees in Ireland 1979-2002. (Contains 2 figures and 4 footnotes.) [CD-ROM is not included with this publication. For the main report, "Integrating Immigrant Children into Schools in Europe: Measures to Foster Communication… [Direct]

(2009). Arizona Academic Standards, Grade 1. Arizona Department of Education This publication contains Arizona public schools' academic standards for Grade 1. The contents of this document include the following: (1) The Arts Standard 2006–Grade 1; (2) Comprehensive Health Education/Physical Activity Standards 1997–Foundations (Grades 1-3); (3) Foreign and Native Language Standards 1997–Foundations (Grades 1-3); (4) Reading Standard Articulated by Grade Level 2003–Grade 1; (5) Writing Standard Articulated by Grade Level 2004–Grade 1; (6) Language Arts Standards 1996–Foundations (Grades 1-3), including Standard 3: Listening and Speaking; and Standard 4: Viewing and Presenting; (7)Mathematics Standard Articulated by Grade Level 2008–Grade 1; (8) Science Standard Articulated by Grade Level 2004–Grade 1; (9) Social Studies Standard Articulated by Grade Level 2006–Grade 1; (10) Technology Standards 2000–Foundations (Grades 1-3); and (11) Workplace Skills Standards 1997–Foundations (Grades 1-3)…. [PDF]

(2009). Arizona Academic Standards, Grade 2. Arizona Department of Education This publication contains Arizona public schools' academic standards for grade 2. The contents of this document include the following: (1) The Arts Standard 2006–Grade 2; (2) Comprehensive Health Education/Physical Activity Standards 1997–Foundations (Grades 1-3); (3) Foreign and Native Language Standards 1997–Foundations (Grades 1-3); (4) Reading Standard Articulated by Grade Level 2003–Grade 2; (5) Writing Standard Articulated by Grade Level 2004–Grade 2; (6) Language Arts Standards 1996–Foundations (Grades 1-3), including Standard 3: Listening and Speaking; and Standard 4: Viewing and Presenting; (7)Mathematics Standard Articulated by Grade Level 2008–Grade 2; (8) Science Standard Articulated by Grade Level 2004–Grade 2; (9) Social Studies Standard Articulated by Grade Level 2006–Grade 2; (10) Technology Standards 2000–Foundations (Grades 1-3); and (11) Workplace Skills Standards 1997–Foundations (Grades 1-3)…. [PDF]