Lascarides, V. Celia (1992). United States Contribution to Children's Rights: An Overview of the 20th Century. International Journal of Early Childhood, v24 n2 p41-44. Reviews some of the institutions, legislation, and court decisions that represent state and federal efforts in the United States on behalf of children, including White House Conferences on Children and Youth, the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921, the National School Lunch Act of 1946, the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision in 1954, and legislation for the handicapped. (AC)…

Gale, Mary Ellen (1991). On Curbing Racial Speech. Responsive Community: Rights and Responsibilities, v1 n1 p47-61 Win. An alternative interpretation of the First Amendment guarantee of free speech suggests that universities may prohibit and punish direct verbal assaults on specific individuals if the speaker intends to do harm and if a reasonable person would recognize the potential for serious interference with the victim's educational rights. (MSE)…

Gill, Ann M. (1991). Renewed Concern for Free Speech on Campus. ACA Bulletin, n75 p24-31 Jan. Reviews two challenges to free speech (school-sponsored speech and racist and sexist speech) on the college campus. Suggests guidelines for communication administrators attempting to maximize expressive freedom within the dictates of the law. (PRA)…

Loconte, Joe (1996). One Nation Under God: Making Public Schools Safe for Religion. Policy Review, n78 p19-21 Jul-Aug. Examines religious freedom, schools, and the First Amendment issue, and discusses the "Three Rs Project," which is designed to help teachers, parents, and community leaders of different faiths set policies on religion in schools, protect students' religious speech, and reform secularized curricula. A consensus of the current law regarding religious expression in public schools is provided. (GR)…

Carrel, Annette (1994). It's the Law: A Young Person's Guide to Our Legal System. Facilitator's Guide. This facilitator's guide helps adults present young people a view of the U.S. justice system and to involve them in the idea of the legal process, understanding the rights and responsibilities of participating in their government, laws, and the justice system. The guide also helps them understand the consequences of breaking the law. The 18 chapters include: (1) \What This Book Is About\; (2) \What Is a Law?\; (3) \Justice\; (4) \Control\; (5) \Why Do We Need Laws?\; (6) \Who Makes Our Laws?\; (7) \How Our Laws Are Made\; (8) \Kinds of Laws\; (9) \To Change a Law\; (10) \When People Break the Law\; (11) \Under Arrest!\; (12) \The Right to a Trial\; (13) \What Happens at a Trial\; (14) \Juvenile Justice\; (15) \Challenges\; (16) \The Constitution of the United States\; (17)\Amendments to the Constitution\; and (18) \It's All About You!\ An expanded glossary of legal terms and a mock trial script conclude the book. (EH)…

Powell, Brent (1995). Henry David Thoreau, Martin Luther King Jr., and the American Tradition of Protest. OAH Magazine of History, v9 n2 p26-29 Win. Maintains that Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr. fundamentally altered the tradition of protest and reform. Compares and contrasts the role of each man in U.S. social and constitutional history. Concludes that while Thoreau lacked the broad influence of King, his writings influenced both King and Mohandas Gandhi. (CFR)…

Bolmeier, Edward C. (1977). Judicial Excerpts Governing Students and Teachers. Organized to be of use as a textbook for students in school law classes as well as a reference book for school personnel and officials, this book focuses on cases having to do with the rights of students and teachers. In Part 1 attention is given to such matters as compulsory and prohibitory school attendance, authority over curricular and extracurricular activities, regulatory control over the student, and student disciplinary practices. In Part 2 attention is given to such matters as grounds for teacher dismissal, right of association, teachers' rights outside the classroom, right to strike, liability for pupil injury, and sexuality and the teacher. The judicial excerpts cover all areas of school law and include dissenting opinions. (Author/IRT)…

Berkobien, Richard (1991). The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and Employment. arcfacts Employment Series. arcfacts, Jan. This fact sheet offers, in a question-and-answer format, information on employment and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). It addresses the following topics: what Title I of the ADA says about employment, what employment discrimination means, which employers are affected, hiring quotas, determination of an individual's job qualifications, "reasonable accommodation,""undue hardship," and regulation and enforcement of Title I. Two government agencies are listed as sources of further information on the ADA. (JDD)…

(1993). The Sex Panic: Women, Censorship and \Pornography.\ A Conference of the Working Group on Women, Censorship, and \Pornography\ (New York, New York, May 7-8, 1993). In May 1993, representatives of anti-censorship feminists convened at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York to overturn the myths that censorship is good for women, that women want censorship, and that those who support censorship speak for women. Participants at the convention discussed four major themes: the current panic over sexual perversion, the anti-pornography movement among certain feminists, the need for free speech in matters regarding sex, and the struggle for free speech. Lisa Duggan, historian, journalist, and Brown University professor, discussed the history of moral reform movements from temperance to anti-pornography and explains how they have not promoted the interests of women. Speakers denounced the legal theories developed by Catharine MacKinnon and Andrea Dworkin that excuse censorship and treat the First Amendment as irrelevant. The anti-censorship feminists argued that the banning of pornography amounts to the control of women's images and… [PDF]

(1992). The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Arc Q & A. Basic information about the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is presented in a question-and-answer format. The following questions are addressed: "What is the purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?"; "Why is the ADA needed?"; "How is disability defined by the ADA?"; "What does the ADA cover?"; "How does the law address 'undue hardship'?"; "How soon does the law take effect?"; "If discrimination exists, what can a person do?"; "What specifically does the ADA require for people with mental retardation?"; "What can chapters of the Arc do to help implement the ADA?"; and "Where can I go to get more information about the law?" Contact information for four government agencies is provided. (DB)…

Butts, R. Freeman (1997). Education for Civitas: The Lessons Americans Must Learn. Working Paper Series in Education. This essay explores the various definitions of "civitas" and how those definitions have valuable lessons for people. "Civitas" means both a political community or government, especially as found in a republic, and the kind of citizenship a republic requires. Specifically the paper examines the role of government in education and the role of education in preparing youth for citizenship in a constitutional democratic republic. The essay provides historical examples of the changing roles of citizenship from Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Robert M. LaFollette, Jr. to Hillary Rodham Clinton. The paper also examines parental rights, vouchers, charter schools, privatization of public schools, and the move toward national standards and tests. The essay is divided into two parts: (1) "Education for Civitas: The Lessons Americans Must Learn"; and (2) "Afterword: The Politics of Educational Reform." (EH)…

Peelle, Judith; Rogers, Joy J. (1983). Assuring the Rights of the Severely Handicapped. One way of monitoring the effects of ethical and legal issues concerning severely handicapped students is establishing an additional level of review in the public schools. The Human Rights Committee (HRC) in one district, composed of multidisciplinary professional and community staff, has reviewed 56 individual behavior management programs considered too restrictive for approval by staff conference alone. The increase in number of behavior programs involving restraints and aversives after the HRC's establishment may be explained by the admission of more severely behavior disordered students in the public school setting and the provision for more in-depth discussion of treatments before they were instituted. (CL)…

White, Gloria M. (1975). The Early Mary Church Terrell, 1863-1910. Integrated Education, 13, 6, 39-42, Nov-Dec 75. Asserts that analysis of Mary Terrell's articles, reveals that she succeeded in breaking down myths that justified and perpetuated lynchings and the peonage system in the South, and that she pointed out adverse effects of discrimination and the need for fairness and justice as they related to the treatment of black people. (Author/JM)…

(1975). On Equal Monthly Retirement Benefits for Men and Women Faculty. AAUP Bulletin, 61, 4, 316-21, Dec 75. Full text of correspondence: President Van Alstyne of American Association of University Professors (AAUP) to the Secretary of Labor in support of equal monthly retirement benefits for men and women faculty and resulting correspondence between Van Alstyne and the Chairman of the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association–College Retirement Equities Fund. (JT)…

Cohen, Carl (1975). On the Child's Status in the Democratic State: A Response to Mr. Schrag. Political Theory, 3, 4, 458-63, Nov 75. In response to SO 504 322, it is agreed that a chronological age criterion for voting is necessary but disagreement is found with the 15-year-old franchise. For journal availability, see SO 504 322. (ND)…

Osman, Mary E. (1975). Barrier-Free Architecture: 'Yesterday's Special Design Becomes Tomorrow's Standard.'. AIA Journal, 63, 3, 40-44, Mar 75. Presents a summary report and a checklist on making buildings more accessible to the handicapped. (Author)…

Craig, Benjamin L. (1974). Richmond and Detroit: A Tale of Two Cities. NOLPE School Law Journal, 4, 1, 12-18, 74. Discusses two recent federal court decisions on the legality of consolidating and reorganizing city and adjacent suburban school districts to correct de jure racial segregation. (JG)…

(1975). Brown v. Board of Education — The 1954 Decision. Journal of Law and Education, 4, 1, 1-7, Jan 75. Presents Chief Justice Warren's opinion setting forth the argument that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal and that segregated schools are a denial of the equal protection guaranteed by the 14th amendment. (DW)…

Ashkenas, Esther (1974). Right to Vote. Exceptional Parent, 4, 6, 24-5, Nov/Dec 74. The mother of an 18-year-old boy afflicted with Down's Syndrome discusses her initial apprehension and subsequent pride when her son insisted on exercising his right to vote. (LH)…

Young, William M. (1975). W. Clement Stone: Financial Wizard, Philanthropist, Would-Be Educator. Phi Delta Kappan, 56, 6, 422-425, Feb 75. W. Clement Stone responds to questions on education, politics, morality, economics, and motivation. (DW)…

(1988). AIDS Federal Policy Act of 1987. Hearings on S. 1575: To Amend the Public Health Service Act To Establish a Grant Program To Provide for Counseling and Testing Services Relating to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and To Establish Certain Prohibitions for the Purpose of Protecting Individuals with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or Related Conditions. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, First Session. This document presents the text from two Senate hearings on the AIDS Federal Policy Act of 1987 which concerns voluntary testing for AIDS virus, education and counseling to stop the spread of AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), and confidentiality and discrimination against AIDS victims. In the first hearing, opening statements are included from Senators Edward Kennedy, Strom Thurmond, Orrin Hatch, and Dan Quayle. Testimony is provided by Louise and Clifford Ray, accompanied by their three hemophiliac sons, Robert, Richard, and Randy, all of whom have tested positive for the AIDS virus; their daughter Candy; their physician, Jerry Barbosa; and their attorney, William Earl. Also providing testimony are: (1) Alberta Fuentes and Katy Taylor, Commission on Human Rights, New York City; (2) Lonnie Bristow, American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois; (3) Mary Foley, American Nurses Association, Washington, D.C.; (4) Bonnie Strickland, American Psychological Association; (5)… [PDF]

Redbird, Duke (1980). We Are Metis. A Metis View of the Development of a Native Canadian People. Written from a Metis' point of view, the book narrates Metis history (mid 1600's to present) and recalls the people's struggle for aboriginal rights and recognition of the Canadian confederation. Historical accounts include a brief description of the Metis; establishment of the Selkirk Settlement by the Hudson Bay Company; western movement and settlement of Canada; organization of the National Committee of the Metis of the Red River formed by Louis Riel; influences of Metis leaders (Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont); implementation of federal legislation (Manitoba Act and Indian Act); and formation of the National Indian Council and implications of "Red Power." Facts pertaining to aboriginal rights and land claims are explored in one chapter. A description of the development of a new kind of Metis in the 20th century and their fight to establish their place in Canadian society concludes the document. (ERB)…

Foss, Sonja K. (1982). Autopsy of the Equal Rights Amendment: Failure to Meet Opposition Rhetoric. The failure of the supporters of the Equal Rights Amendment to understand the rhetoric and world view of its opponents resulted in the defeat of the amendment. The opponents of the ERA had six arguments: women are not discriminated against; women will be drafted; protective labor laws will be eliminated; the ERA will destroy tradition regarding support, alimony, and child custody; legislation already exists to do what the ERA will do; and the ERA will require men and women to use the same restrooms. Opponents characterized proponents as radical militant "libbers" who are aggressive and unrepresentative of American values. Strategies of ERA proponents violated the world view of its opponents and of male legislators, that women should remain in their proper sphere, the home, perform wifely duties, and ultimately be placed on a pedestal. Supporters could have emphasized that protective labor laws should apply to husband as well as wife, that existing legislation is not… [PDF]

Gardner, James M. (1974). The Legal Rights of People in Institutions. Australian Journal of Mental Retardation, 3, 2, 34-9, Jun 74. The struggle to provide legal rights of mentally retarded people in institutions is discussed, with particular reference to recent activities in the United States. (Author)…

Van Til, William (1974). Going the Second Mile. One Way of Looking at It. Phi Delta Kappan, 56, 3, 220-221, Nov 74. Desegregation, still in process, constituted the first mile. Now desegregation is making few major gains. Through the approaches of \community study, democratic atmosphere, curriculum permeation, and group dynamics,\ joined by the current emphasis on the \direct experience\ approach, perhaps the second mile can be traveled to achieve integration. (Author)…

Molloy, Larry (1974). Services for Handicapped. Major Issues for '75. CEFP Journal, 12, 4, 14-15, Jul-Aug 74. Seven million children in the United States (one out of every 10) have permanent disabilities. Because of new State laws and recent court decisions, public schools must enroll at all levels a class of students comprised of the deaf, blind, handicapped; or those who suffer from speech impairments, mental retardation, emotional disorders, or learning disabilities. Unified services may be the only alternative open to the public schools for satisfying the needs of all handicapped children. (Author/EA)…

Lambert, Lydia (1974). Still waiting. Times Education Supplement (London), 3078, 21, May 24 74. The adoption bill is being redrafted. Should the rights of parents or children come first? (Editor)…

Schafer, Joyce R. (1974). Procedural Guidelines for Colleges and Universities in Search and Seizure. Journal of the NAWDAC, 37, 4, 179-185, Sum 74. A discussion of the legal boundaries of search and seizure in colleges and universities. The meanings of \Probable Cause\ and \Reasonableness\ are examined along with the concept of student rights. (EK)…

Bookbinder, Hyman (1969). Human Dignity: Challenge and Response. J Nat Assn Wom Deans Counselors, 32, 3, 141-43, 69 Spr. …

Batten, James K. (1969). The Nixonians and School Desegregation. Southern Educ Rep, 4, 10, 22-29, 69 Jun. …