DeVito, Joseph A. (1979). Educational Responsibilities to the Gay and Lesbian Student. Administrators and teachers should ensure that gay and lesbian students are accorded rights equal to those accorded to heterosexual students. Administrators have the responsibility to find and hire gay and lesbian teachers and to secure for them total equality with heterosexual teachers as well as a supportive, accepting atmosphere; under such conditions, gay and lesbian teachers can serve as effective role models for gay and lesbian students. Teachers and writers can approach the treatment of gay and lesbian students by focusing on promoting equal rights for all persons, by helping students to develop a positive self-concept about their identities, and by promoting mutual understanding and effective communication among students. Teachers should develop an intellectual and emotional recognition of gay and lesbian existence, history, and behavior; should avoid negative stereotypes of gays and lesbians; and should avoid the heterosexual presumption in teaching and writing, striving to…

Jones, Phillip E.; Retish, Paul M. (1979). A Sense of History: The Relationship of Social Awareness to Human Relations in the Classroom. The results of two class surveys of students in a course addressing racism and discrimination in educational and social service systems are analyzed. The course objective was to help students develop the personal insight and analytical skills needed to synthesize information on human rights issues. The study indicated that the students were not very knowledgeable about issues affecting people culturally different from themselves. It is suggested that development of the cognitive skills necessary to improve human relations and create social change may be an abstract exercise for socially unaware students with little affective learning occurring. (JD)…

Hess, Diana (1989). "California v. Greenwood" Moot Court Simulation. Update on Law-Related Education, v13 n3 p21-23 Fall. Provides a moot court activity in which secondary students re-enact the U.S. Supreme Court case "California v. Greenwood," concerning the exclusionary rule and the privacy of a citizen's trash. Students role-play Supreme Court justices and attorneys to gain an understanding of how appellate courts operate. (LS)…

Norris, Judy (1994). The American Bill of Rights. Student Handout. Update on Law-Related Education, v18 n3 p24-25 Fall. Presents the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution. Provides teaching suggestions, a review quiz, and includes the five points of the Miranda Warning. (CFR)…

Tucker, Bonnie (1993). Deafness: 1993-2013–The Dilemma. Volta Review, v95 n2 p105-08 Spr. This article identifies two potentially conflicting trends in deafness–technological progress and societal progress. The rejection of technological progress working to \cure\ deafness by some in the deaf community may conflict with demands that society should provide special services for deaf people to allow them full social participation. Implications for the next 20 years are noted. (DB)…

Neylon, Lyn Beth (1998). Human Rights in These United States. Update on Law-Related Education, v22 n3 p18-21 Fall. Discusses the results from a survey commissioned by Human Rights USA that investigated what individuals know and think about human rights issues in the United States. Asserts that the survey gives community activists, educators, and decision makers the means to analyze local and national human-rights problems and move toward solutions. (CMK)…

Moore, Leonard Nathaniel (2002). The School Desegregation Crisis of Cleveland, Ohio, 1963-1964: The Catalyst for Black Political Power in a Northern City. Journal of Urban History, v28 n2 p135-57 Jan. Describes a failed yearlong quest to desegregate Cleveland's schools that ended up unifying the city's black community and helping black Clevelanders understand the limitations of negotiation, direct action, boycotts, and the legal system in creating permanent change. Black residents turned to the political arena to realize the potential of black political power. (SM)…

Newbold, Kenneth F., Jr.; Noftsinger, John B., Jr. (2007). Historical Underpinnings of Access to American Higher Education. New Directions for Higher Education, n138 p3-18 Sum. Accessibility is one of the pillars of the American system of higher education. It is traditionally held that higher education should be \readily and widely accessible to persons of a broad range of abilities, circumstances, and ages.\ A basic philosophy concerning access can be found in the report of the 1947 President's Commission on Higher Education. In addressing access, the report went on to state, \Too many of our citizens have tacitly assumed that the ladder of opportunity for education was equally accessible to all children and youth. For the great majority of our boys and girls, the kind and amount of education they may hope to attend depends, not on their own abilities, but on the family or community into which they happened to be born, or worse still, on the color of their skin or religion of their parents\ (p. 10). In calling for reform, the report outlined the difficulties facing the academy and offered higher education as a means of advancing the nation's science and… [Direct]

Teranishi, Christy S. (2007). Impact of Experiential Learning on Latino College Students' Identity, Relationships, and Connectedness to Community. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, v6 n1 p52-72. Using mixed methods of inquiry, this study examines the impact of experiential learning on Latino/a college students' development as they move away from home to study and do community service in another country. Journals reveal that students developed their identity, relationships, awareness of structural inequalities, and connectedness to community. Survey results indicate increased self-efficacy, civic participation, career preparedness, and understanding of diversity. Findings underscore the importance of experiential learning for future Latino/a educators and community leaders. (Contains 4 tables.)… [Direct]

Pember, Mary Annette (2007). A Painful Remembrance. Diverse: Issues in Higher Education, v24 n21 p24-27 Nov. Many in Indian country have expressed that the trauma from the boarding school experience continues to terrorize the hearts of American Indians. Although much has been written about this history that looms so large in the North American indigenous experience, it remains an obscure topic in mainstream America. Dr. Eulynda J. Toledo, a member of the Dine tribe and project director of a grant from the National Institute for Disability Research and Rehabilitation, is working to bring attention to the "intergenerational trauma" of the boarding school era through the recently founded Boarding School Healing Project. Toledo and her colleagues maintain that many of the social ills plaguing current generations of American Indians, including sexual abuse, child abuse, violence towards women and substance abuse can be traced to the generations of abuse experienced at Indian boarding schools. Toledo describes intergenerational trauma as posttraumatic stress disorder that has been… [Direct]

Spiesschaert, F., Ed.; Verhellen, E., Ed. (1989). Ombudswork for Children: A Way of Improving the Position of Children in Society. The main objective of the International Congress for Children was to underline the evolution in the concept of children, the idea that children are, above all, human beings and not just "human-beings-to-be." The 39 presentations are divided into 3 parts. The seven papers in the first part examine motives and strategies for children's rights. The motives are discussed from a historical and philosophical point of view, as well as from the viewpoint of developmental psychology. The strategies are discussed on the basis of exemplary cases. The 31 papers in the second part are inspired by 4 basic principles in the strategies for children's rights. The discussions cover child advocacy, the study of the child, the self-organization of children, the promotion of network development, and specific situations concerning the rights of children. The third part contains a synthesis of the congress that underlines the commitment and dedication with which people continue working for the… [PDF]

(1994). Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act Amendments of 1994. Conference Report [To Accompany S. 1284]. House of Representatives, 103d Congress, 2d Session. This report was issued by a conference committee of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives to reconcile disagreeing votes on amendments to the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act. The Act is designed to assure that individuals with developmental disabilities and their families participate in the design of and have access to culturally competent services, supports, and other assistance and opportunities that promote independence, productivity, and integration and inclusion into the community. The amendments deal with expanding or modifying certain provisions relating to the Act's five titles, covering programs for individuals with developmental disabilities, Federal assistance for priority area activities for individuals with developmental disabilities, protection and advocacy of individual rights, university affiliated programs, and projects of national significance. A joint explanatory statement of the committee of conference is included to explain… [PDF]

Clark, Margaret Elizabeth (1975). Preferential Economic Treatment for Women: Some Constitutional and Practical Implications of Kahn v. Shevin. Vanderbilt Law Review, 28, 4, 843-78, May 75. The 1974 Supreme Court decision in Kahn v. Shevin upheld a property tax exemption statute for widows. This Note analyzes the soundness and social utility of the underlying premise and evaluates its potential impact on other areas of law. Includes review of relevant state, lower federal court and Supreme Court cases. (JT)…

Wharton, Larry (1975). Labor Law: The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Is Not Limited to 180 Days From the Filing of a Charge in Which to Bring Suit Against an Employer. (EEOC v. Cleveland Mills Co., 502 F.2d 153 (4th Cir. 1974). Texas Tech Law Review, 6, 3, 1163-9, Spr 75. Discusses the legality of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) action against Cleveland Mills Co. over four years after charges were filed with the EEOC in 1968. Concludes that the circuit court was right in reversing the district court decision that the EEOC has a time limit on its right to sue. (JT)…

Breathett, George (1975). Document: William Edward Burghardt DuBois: An Address to the Black Academic Community. Journal of Negro History, 60, 1, 45-52, Jan 75. Notes that democracy has almost disappeared in the U.S. while stressing that socialism will grow if we restore the democracy of which we have boasted so long and done so little. Rulers of the U.S. are said to be organized corporations which suppress freedom by monopolizing votes. [Available from Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, Inc., 1401 Fourteenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005]. (Author/AM)…

Staples, Robert (1975). Black Crime, White Racism and American Justice: An Application of the Colonial Model to Explain Crime and Race. Phylon, 36, 1, 14-22, Mar 75. The relationship between race and crime is examined in a new theoretical framework which applies a colonial analogy in which the black community is viewed as an underdeveloped colony whose economics and politics are controlled by leaders of the racially dominant group. (EH)…

Ashe, Bernard F.; DeWolf, Gerard John (1974). Procedural Due Process and Labor Relations in Public Education: A Union Perspective. Journal of Law and Education, 3, 4, 561-613, Oct 74. The law regarding constitutional rights of teachers and public employees has changed to strengthen due process procedures. Court decisions are cited. (DW)…

Hechinger, Fred M. (1974). The Case Against Preferential Racial Quotas: Justice Douglas's Dissent in the DeFunis Case. NOLPE School Law Journal, 4, 1, 8-11, 74. In 1974 the Supreme Court voted not to rule on the issue of preferential treatment for minority students that was presented in the DeFunis case. In his dissent, Justice Douglas argued against preferential racial quotas and criticized reliance on examination scores rather than on individual assessment of applicants. (JG)…

Pettigrew, Thomas Fraser (1975). Exploring the Future: Race Relations in the 21st Century. Journal of Law and Education, 4, 1, 39-41, Jan 75. Current trends toward middle-class positivism, subtle discrimination, and less resistance to racial change portend an increase in minority middle-class membership which, in time, will promote more change. (DW)…

Reutter, E. Edmund (1975). Tests and Employment Discrimination. IAR Research Bulletin, 15, 3, 1,6-8, Mar 75. Challenges to employment requirements that may disadvantage some applicants are increasing as Congress has caused the employer to show relationship between any given requirement and the employment. (Author/DW)…

Iwok, Edet R. (1975). Growing Opportunities for Minorities in Business. Business Education Forum, 29, 7, 29-31, Apr 75. …

(1974). Student Rights: A Classroom Simulation. Bill of Rights Newsletter, 8, 2, 23-27, F 74. First, Fourth, Eighth, Ninth and Fourteenth Amendment rights of students are described and followed by a role playing simulation for high school students. (KM)…

Pasternack, Steve; Utt, Sandra H. (1986). "No Thank You, We'd Rather Not": The Rights and Policies of Daily Newspapers Relating to Refusals to Accept Advertising. A study investigated the types of advertisements newspapers refuse as well as the attitudes of advertising managers about guidelines and laws concerning advertising refusal. Newspapers were selected from the "1985 Editor and Publisher Yearbook" using a systematic probability sampling method, and questionnaires were mailed to advertising managers at 150 daily newspapers. Data indicated a tremendous diversity among newspapers regarding their refusal policy. Among the conclusions reached in the study are that southern newspapers tend to be the most conservative newspapers in the country, while southern advertising managers tended to be more conservative with respect to their absolute right to refuse any advertisement in a nonmonopoly situation. Once a policy has been established, written or otherwise, it appears that companies or organizations may not even try to advertise in certain communities. In addition, newspapers want not only to continue the freedom of refusal they… [PDF]

Chilton, W. E., III (1984). Desegregation/Integration and the Media: Fallout from the Brown Decision in West Virginia. This paper provides an anecdotal account of racial relations and integration efforts in West Virginia before and after the Brown decision, from the perspective of the publisher of the "Charleston Gazette," The struggle for racial equality in West Virginia has been filled with contradictions. The first legal action taken in West Virginia against a board of education occurred in 1926 to permit Blacks to use the facilities of Charleston's public library. Blacks began attending West Virginia University extension classes in the mid-1920s, and graduate and professional schools of the university were opened in 1938 following a Supreme Court decision. For a decade prior to the Brown case, conferences sponsored by the State Department of Education were integrated in all activities, and in some counties Black and White teachers' meetings were integrated, as were some county secondary principals' meetings. Immediately following the Brown decision, all curricula and facilities at…

Kelly, James, Jr. (1984). From Here–Where?. This paper discusses generally the impact of the Brown decision of 1954 on education. It presents five major "lessons" suggested by the history of school desegregation: (1) the attack on bigotry and injustice must be fought on all fronts–with votes, political interest groups, multicultural education, economic planning, and political consolidation. Litigation will not by itself solve problems with deep roots in social and economic conditions. (2) Liberty and equality are not polar opposites: equal opportunity must be seen as a goal necessary to all. (3) At present, in some ways, society is more segregated than ever: people have found ways to resegregate, not on specific racial grounds, but with results that are just as destructive to fairness and justice. (4) The costs of social change are charged always to those who are least able to afford the strain. Desegregated schools are no solution as long as society's politics, housing, incomes class structures and churches are…

Washburn, Pat (1983). The "Pittsburgh Courier" and Black Workers in 1942. In early 1942, the "Pittsburgh Courier," the largest black newspaper in the United States, began its Double V campaign stressing the right of black workers to have equality at home when blacks were fighting inequality abroad. An examination of the campaign, however, reveals that it was dead by the end of the year, while substantial gains by black workers did not occur until a year or so later. To discover why the newspaper dropped its campaign before it accomplished its goals, an examination was made of its coverage of black worker issues in 1942. The analysis showed that there was a definite shift in the nature of the articles over the year. In the first half of 1942, the federal government and the military were criticized heavily, but the state and municipal governments and private businesses became targets of criticisms in the second half of the year. This allayed fears of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that the "Courier" was possibly seditious, it left… [PDF]

Kelly, James, Jr. (1984). From Here–Where? (Revised). Thirty years after the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown versus The Board of Education of Topeka, 1954, this paper discusses generally the impact of the Brown decision on education. It presents five major "lessons" suggested by the history of school desegregation. (1) The attack on bigotry and injustice must be fought on all fronts–with votes, political interest groups, multicultural education, economic planning, and with political consolidation. Litigation will not by itself solve problems with deep roots in social and economic conditions. (2) Liberty and equality are not polar opposites: equal opportunity must be seen as a goal necessary to all. (3) At present, in some ways, society is more segregated than ever: we have found ways to resegregate, not on specific racial grounds, but with results that are just as destructive to fairness and justice. (4) The costs of social change are charged always to those who are least able to afford the change. Desegregated schools are…

Zimmerman, William G., Jr. (1974). Human Rights and Administrative Responsibility. Phi Delta Kappan, 56, 4, 243,247, Dec 74. …

(1977). Equal Educational Opportunity, Sex Discrimination Prohibited, Ch 392-190. This document lists the provisions of the Washington state statute which prohibits sex discrimination in: public schools, employment, counseling and guidance services to students, recreational and athletic activities for students, access to course offerings, and in textbooks and instructional materials used by students. All school districts in Washington are directed by the legislation to develop affirmative action programs. Responsibility for enforcement resides with the Superintendent of Public Instruction. Penalties for noncompliance may include the termination of all state apportionment to the offending school district. (Author/AM)…

Birch, I. K. F. (1977). Rights in Education: The Australian Conundrum. Australian Education Review Number 9. This monograph examines the question of what rights students, teachers, and parents have in Australian educational systems and how those rights relate to education in schools. Two types of rights are considered: general rights, which involve all of the participants in education (students, teachers, and parents) in their assigned roles; and particular rights, which are derived from the institutionalizing of education through laws. Chapter 1 focuses on general rights in education, while chapter 2 reviews the pursuit of such rights by students, teachers, and parents. Chapter 3 analyzes Australian educational law to establish the nature and range of particular rights and also includes a discussion of educational administrators. Chapter 4 suggests some possible further developments in the area of educational rights. (Author/JG)…