Ferguson, Philip M. (1987). The Social Construction of Mental Retardation. Social Policy, v18 n1 p51-6 Sum. Discusses how reform efforts have historically followed a pattern of de facto exclusion of people who are severely retarded. Examines "social constructivism" as a guiding philosophy of current disability forms and presents "critical theory" as alternative perspective for disability studies. (PS)…

Hahn, Harlan (1987). Adapting the Environment to People with Disabilities: Constitutional Issues in Canada. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, v10 n4 p363-72. This article, based on interviews with key informants, reports the constitutional and historical background of implications of the inclusion of the disabled in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms on efforts by organizations and persons to adapt the environment to minimize handicapping effects on the disabled in Canada. (Author/DB)…

Mansfield, Harvey C., Jr. (1987). Constitutional Government: The Soul of Modern Democracy. Public Interest, n86 p53-64 Win. Discusses the dilemma faced by constitutionalism today: limited, constitutional government requires that people and society be independent and distrustful of the state, but if the people are too independent and capable of ruling, they may wish to extend their powers and attempt to rule over others. (PS)…

Hoff-Wilson, Joan (1987). The Unfinished Revolution: Changing Legal Status of U.S. Women. Signs, v13 n1 p7-36 Fall. Historical trends of Constitutional inequality are presented in the context of women's movements. The status of women and the struggle for equal rights are negatively affected by conservatism in the executive and judicial branches of government. Recent court decisions have left much room for interpretation with respect to women's rights. (VM)…

MacKay, A. Wayne (1987). The Elwood Case: Vindicating the Educational Rights of the Disabled. Canadian Journal of Special Education, v3 n2 p103-16. The arguments of the Canadian court case Elwood v. Halifax County–Bedford District School Board, which established educational rights for the disabled under the Canadian Charter of Rights, are reviewed and the text of the agreement reprinted. The case established precedents in mainstreaming disabled students and involving parents in educational decisionmaking. (Author/VW)…

Dreyfuss, Elisabeth T. (1988). Extending Understanding of Equal Protection. Update on Law-Related Education, v12 n1 p47-50 Win. Presents four strategies for teaching secondary students about equal protection clause of the U.S. Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment. To be taught by the classroom teacher or a visiting lawyer, these strategies use such methods as a panel discussion and examination of Fourteenth Amendment court cases to accomplish their goals. (GEA)…

(1988). Classroom Materials for Countering Prejudice. Social Education, v52 n4 p291 Apr-May. Provides a list of print and audiovisual instructional materials which may be used to teach about prejudice in elementary and secondary schools. Price and other ordering information are included. (JDH)…

Hughes, David; May, David (1987). Organising Services for People with Mental Handicap: The Californian Experience. Disability, Handicap and Society, v2 n3 p213-30. The organization of services for California's mentally handicapped population, guided by the Lanterman Developmental Disabilities Act, is critically examined in the context of U.S. policy and public attitudes. Distinctive features are noted: a concern for rights, a free market philosophy, and an elaborate system of checks and balances. (Author/JDD)…

Harding, Vincent (1987). Power From Our People: The Sources of the Modern Revival of Black History. Black Scholar, v18 n1 p40-51 Jan-Feb. Places the modern revival of interest in black history in an historical and political context. Not simply or even primarily an academic happening, it is inextricably linked to the resurgence of blacks' struggle for freedom since 1955. The freedom movement was in turn fed by the resurgence of black history. (LHW)…

Smith, Robert C. (1985). Leadership in Negro and Black: Retrospect and Prospect. Urban League Review, v9 n1 p8-19 Sum. Examines Black leadership recruitment, organization, and styles. Draws from literature dating from the 1930s to the mid-1960s, the transition during the 1960s from \Negro\ to \Black\ leadership, and the new Black leadership dating from the mid-1960s to the present. (Author/GC)…

Peach, Lucinda (1986). Supreme Court Docket: Does Religion Belong in the Schools?. Social Education, v50 n3 p166-69 Mar. Reviews First Amendment case law and briefly presents the 1985 Supreme Court case findings for Bender vs. Williamsport Area School District which dealt with whether a bible study group could use school property during an organized, school-sponsored activity period. Suggests role playing, group work and discussion activities for classroom use. (JDH)…

Drummond, Harold D. (1986). A Few Lessons from the Past. Educational Forum, v50 n3 p303-06 Spr. The author looks back to see whether lessons from the past might help as we face the present and future. He offers quotes from H.S. Commager's \Our Schools Have Kept Us Free\; Deanne W. Mallot, president of Cornell University; and the faculty of George Peabody College for Teachers. (CT)…

Burroughs, Wynell; And Others (1986). President Kennedy's Address to the Nation on the James Meridith Case. Social Education, v50 n2 p145-46,148 Feb. Reproduced along with background information and teaching activities are the first three pages from Kennedy's speech to the nation which led to federal enforcement of James Meridith's attempt to enroll in the University of Mississippi. (JDH)…

Landau, C. E. (1984). Recent Legislation and Case Law in the EEC on Sex Equality in Employment. International Labour Review, v123 n1 p53-70 Jan-Feb. Examines recent progress under European Economic Community (EEC) and national law towards equality of opportunity and treatment in employment. The first part deals with decisions of the EEC Court of Justice; the second part depicts legislation and case law in the 10 member countries. (SK)…

Janes, M. W.; Johnson, S. S. (1984). Legislation and Litigation Involving the Employment of Disabled Women: An Overview. Personnel and Guidance Journal, v62 n6 p346-49 Feb. Reviews literature dealing with current legislation, interpretive litigation, and court cases relevant to the employment of disabled women. Human service professionals must be aware of current issues in order to be advocates for disabled women seeking competitive employment and an improved quality of life. (JAC)…

Olian, Judy D. (1984). Genetic Screening for Employment Purposes. Personnel Psychology, v37 n3 p423-38 Fall. Discusses genetic screening in the employment context, which involves identification of individuals hypersusceptible to toxins in the work environment. Examines the status of genetic screening devices against standard testing and legal criteria. (LLL)…

Sendor, Benjamin (1984). Two Rulings Define When Staff Members May Bad-Mouth Your Schools. American School Board Journal, v171 n7 p11 Jul. The Connick vs. Myers Supreme Court decision regarding public employees' right to express themselves has been applied to public schools in two recent federal court cases. The rulings suggest school boards may discipline school employees for disputes over internal office matters but must tolerate their dissent over public matters. (DCS)…

Hult, Joan (1976). Equal Programs or Carbon Copies? Title IX–Prospects and Problems. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation, 47, 5, 24-5, May 76. Intercollegiate athletics should focus on the individual participant in her primary role as a college student, not follow the men's model of "nothing counts but victory." (MM)…

Ennis, Robert H. (1976). Equality of Educational Opportunity. Educational Theory, 26, 1, 3-18, Win 76. An analysis of the phrase \equality of educational opportunity\ is offered to show that differing values determine different conclusions about the nature of education and the presence of opportunities. (GW)…

(2004). Whose IDEA Is This? A Resource Guide for Parents. Ohio Department of Education This resource guide on the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is designed to inform parents about the programs available to children with disabilities. The first section describes the necessary steps for getting services (i.e., prereferrals, referrals, evaluations, and Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings. Another section provides answers to frequently asked questions on prereferrals, referrals, notices, surrogate parents, consent, evaluation, reevaluation, independent educational evaluation, individualized education program, extended school year services, transition, records, resolving disagreements, due process, how to resolve conflicts or concerns, nonpublic schools, and discipline. Appendices to this document include definitions of commonly used terms and disability conditions, as well as a sample "Request for an Impartial Due Process Hearing" form. [Report prepared by the Office for Exceptional Children.]… [PDF]

McJamerson, Jimmy (2005). The Niagara Movement: Black Protest Reborn, 1905-2005. Online Submission The purpose of this presentation was to examine the Niagara Movement as the initiator of a new tactic of Black protest that had its inception in 1905 with the creation of this movement. To further understand the impact of this movement, the factors which led to the creation of this movement were explored, an analysis of the purpose, history, failure and lasting effects were studied. Results indicate that the strengths were limited because: (1) it lacked the support of Booker T. Washington, the leading African American of the day and (2) it was an all-Black movement, which lacked the resources to be successful. On the other hand, the movement did give birth to the national mass protest movement which included whites and was a marked departure from the previous efforts and led to the creation of numerous national organizations. Some of these were the National Associational for the Advancement for Colored People (NAACP), 1909; the Urban League, 1910; March On Washington Movement (MOWM),… [PDF]

Geisinger, Kurt F. (2001). Development of a Statement of Test Takers' Rights and Responsibilities. Various professional organizations whose members are involved in testing have written standards that acknowledge the rights of test takers. The Joint Committee on Testing Practices, composed of delegates from six professional associations, has produced an enumeration of rights and responsibilities of test takers. This document explains the historical events that led to the development of the draft document. There is a summary of the role of governmental agencies, professional standards, and state and federal guidelines on the practice of testing. The debate on whether participants should have feedback on all testing results is included. Both the rights of the test takers and their responsibilities are considered. It is hoped that this document will serve to improve the ability of the testing profession to advance society. Appendix 1 is the Rights and Responsibilities of the Test Takers: Guidelines and Expectations. (Contains 10 references.) (JDM)… [PDF]

Bolding, Nancy L. (1999). Making America Livable: An Easy-to-Understand Training on Titles II and III of the Americans with Disabilities Act: Trainer's Guide. This trainer's guide is designed specifically to provide training to individuals with mental retardation or other cognitive disabilities on their rights under titles II and III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Written in simple language and supported by drawings that make the material more accessible, the training is meant to give trainees a basic understanding of certain key ADA concepts. Specifically, information is provided on: (1) rights under ADA; (2) recognizing discrimination; (3) what to do in a situation where discrimination happens; and (4) follow-up activities that can be done with local self-advocacy groups. The guide includes a training narrative, trainer's notes and instructions for all activities, 38 masters for making overhead transparencies and for making copies of the Trainee Handbook, and masters for making copies of an ADA help checklist, resource lists, ADA information coupons, and certificate of completion. Each section outlines learning goals and…

Stern, Majorie (1998). How To Celebrate National Women's History Month. Intended for teachers, this guide is designed as an aid to mark Women's History Month with special thought and activity, and to offer suggestions for further information and resources. Noting that "history doesn't only happen to men," the document stresses that "history is made at home, in the community, in the factories, offices, and fields of America." Every subject and every level of education can use the addition of the lost heritage of women as evidenced by books, letters, diaries, speeches, oral histories, poems, handicrafts, paintings, musical compositions, and other productions of women. The guide suggests what state federations of teachers can do, what American Federation of Teachers (AFT) locals can do, and what the community and school districts can do to commemorate the month of March as National Women's History Month. The document offers several lists of information sources and includes separate information sheets on the suffrage movement, how AFT… [PDF]

Miller, Harry V. B. (1973). Sex Discrimination And Equal Protection: An Analysis of Constitutional Approaches to Achieve Equal Rights for Women. Albany Law Review, 38, 1, 66-83, 73. …

Wilson, William J. (1972). Black Demands and American Government Response. Journal of Black Studies, 3, 1, 7-28, Sep 72. Examines the dynamics of the power struggle during the 1960's by focusing on the demands of black Americans and the responses of the Federal government. (DM)…

Walton, John (1973). Anti-Scholastic Bias in the Study of Equality of Educational Opportunity. Intellect, 102, 2351, 36-7, Oct 73. The premature acceptance and application of the research results of the study of Equality of Educational Opportunity may go down in educational history as a costly error. (Author)…

Gillie, Angelo C. (1973). A Reaction and Suggestions to the U.S. Office of Education View of Career Education. Journal of Industrial Teacher Education, 10, 2, 29-33, W 73. Responses to some present difficulties in vocational education. (MU)…

(1972). Goodbye, Mandatory Maternity Leaves. Nation's Schools, 90, 4, 11,14, Oct 72. In precedent-setting decrees, courts and federal and State authorities have branded compulsory maternity leaves either unconstitutional or illegal. School administrators are urged to prod boards of education to adopt more lenient maternity leave policies — now. (Author)…

Bahr, Howard M.; And Others (1972). Discrimination Against Urban Indians in Seattle. Indian Historian, 5, 4, 4-11, W 72. …