Thornton, Clarence H. (2004). Value Orientations: A Study of Black College Students. College Student Journal, v38 n1 p103 Mar. The present investigation describes the manner in which a group of southern black college students structure their value preferences. Based upon prior research, especially among white college students, it was expected that our sampled respondents would embrace values associated with economic and materialistic success. However, results obtained suggest that rather than being preeminently concerned with economic pursuits, religion and family emerged as the joint modal category for the vast majority of both male and female students. Implications of the likely import of these findings are discussed in fight of the historical significance of family and religion for Black America….

McLester, Susan (2005). Tackling Human Rights. Technology & Learning, v25 n7 pA13 Feb. In 2003, four high school students from the Tashkent International School in the capital city confronted the issue of their nation's human rights problems head on by researching the topic and publishing their findings on the Web. The site, "Uzbekistan: Opaque Reality," was created as an entry for the non-profit Global SchoolNet's Doors to Diplomacy student competition. In this article, this student-created Web site is described…. [Direct]

Howard, Richard; Markos, Patricia A.; Waggoner, Elizabeth A. (2004). Ethical Considerations for People Who Are Homeless and Mentally Ill. Guidance & Counselling, v19 n3 p132-138 Spr. This article presents an ethical analysis of the important issues surrounding the involuntary institutionalization of people who are homeless and mentally ill (HMI) in the United States. The legal, economic, and moral implications of state-sponsored involuntary institutionalization of people who are HMI are considered. An ethical decision-making model is used as an analytical tool to evaluate ethical concerns associated with involuntary institutionalization. Legal rights of the HMI are examined at the federal, state, and local levels. The broad social implications of involuntary institutionalization are addressed, as well as individual therapeutic ethics. The article concludes with recommendations for public policy decision-makers and counsellors working with people who are homeless and mentally ill…. [Direct]

Noel, Jana (2005). Jeremiah B. Sanderson: Educator and Organizer for the Rights of "Colored Citizens" in Early California. Journal of Negro Education, v74 n2 p151-158 Spr. Jeremiah B. Sanderson, a free, New Bedford-educated Black man successfully petitioned to get public funding for "colored schools" in the 1850s-1870s in Sacramento, San Francisco and Stockton. Jeremiah Sanderson was one of the most influential spokesmen and educators in the state….

Derryberry, W. Pitt; Thoma, Stephen J. (2005). Functional Differences: Comparing Moral Judgement Developmental Phases of Consolidation and Transition. Journal of Moral Education, v34 n1 p89-106 Mar. Applying Snyder and Feldman's 1984 consolidation-transition model to moral judgement development has enabled further understanding of how moral judgement translates to moral functioning. In this study, 178 college students were identified as being in consolidated versus transitional phases of moral judgement development using Rest's Defining Issues Test (DIT). Participant moral functioning was inferred through an honest decision-making index along with Attitudes Towards Human Rights Inventory (ATHRI) and Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) scores. Multivariate Analyses of Variance revealed that the consolidated group was significantly more honest than the transitional group. No differences attributable to moral judgement phase were seen for ATHRI and VFI scores. Findings support the claim that consolidated phases improve the explanatory power of moral judgement for certain moral functional outcomes–particularly those involving ambiguity and minimal time for decision-making…. [Direct]

Baptiste, H. Prentice; Kamenski, Christopher J.; Orvosh-Kamenski, Heidi (2005). American Presidents and Their Attitudes, Beliefs, and Actions Surrounding Education and Multiculturalism. A Series of Research Studies in Educational Policy. Sixth Installment: Examining Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and William Jefferson Clinton. Research. Multicultural Education, v12 n3 p28-40 Spr. This article focuses on the recent presidencies of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and William Jefferson Clinton and is the sixth installment in a series that examines how presidents, through their office of power, have impacted U.S. citizens by their actions and policies. By viewing the presidents through a multicultural lense we can more clearly understand the impact of their legacies that have been advanced and continue to exist today with respect to issues of social justice…. [PDF] [Direct]

Malherbe, Rassie (2004). The Constitutional Framework for Pursuing Equal Opportunities in Education. Perspectives in Education, v22 n3 p9-28 Sep. The promotion of equal learning opportunities is crucially important for the improvement of the quality of life of millions of people. The virtues of education in preparing learners for life, for meaningful interaction with other human beings, for constructive civic and political involvement, and for successful economic participation stand beyond reason. As stated in \Brown v Board of Education,\ education \is the very foundation of good citizenship\. This contribution focuses on the constitutional framework within which equal educational opportunities are pursued in South Africa. Section 29 of the Constitution, which provides for the education rights, and section 9, the equality principle, as well as the interaction between them, are discussed in some depth. It is concluded that, despite the constitutional framework being in place, there is still a long way to go before education opportunities will have been created that enable learners with different backgrounds, needs, abilities… [Direct]

Gaskell, Jane (2004). Educational Change and the Women's Movement: Lessons From British Columbia Schools in the 1970s. Educational Policy, v18 n2 p291-310 May. This article uses Melucci's approach to social movements to explore how the women\s movement changed education in British Columbia in the 1970s. The women's movement was a multifaceted social phenomenon with multiple agendas and actors. In the early 1970s, it developed a temporary sense of cohesion in the field of education in the context of a Royal Commission on the Status of Women. The movement remained constantly in tension with formal educational institutions but opened up new debates about education and new spaces in the provincial government and the teachers' federation. The debates were not resolved and the spaces were not stable, but the movement brought about significant change that increased equity and enhanced the legitimacy of education. The article concludes with a discussion of the place of social movements in a democratic politics of education…. [Direct]

Barrington, Lowell W. (1994). An Explanation of the Citizenship Policies of Estonia and Lithuania. This study attempts to examine and explain the citizenship choices made by the governments of Estonia and Lithuania. The report explains the factors driving the inclusiveness of the policies. The project attempts to discover those factors that lead the government of a newly independent state to develop a more inclusive or more exclusive citizenship policy. Factors that likely affect the development of citizenship policies include: (1) an ethnically defined nation or political-territorially defined nation; (2) whether or not the newly independent state is seen as a nation-state or as a multi-national state; (3) a perceived threat to survival of the nation; (4) strength of minority groups in size, concentration, and economic power; and (5) powerful neighbors interested in inclusive policies due to a large ethnic minority in their own country or human rights organizations monitoring citizenship policies. These factors and questions, although applied to Lithuania and Estonia, also… [PDF]

Abramowitz, Jack (1989). Readings in American History (In Their Own Words), Book III. New Directions for the United States and Teacher's Guide. This skills-text is the third of four books in the series \Readings in American History.\ The materials allow opportunities to improve reading and comprehension skills in a subject matter context by using certain primary sources related to the topic. Book 3 covers the period from the Civil War to 1900. Each lesson includes short readings with exercises and questions to allow students to explore the topic. The volume includes: (1) \Slavery Divides the Nation\; (2) \Letters and Diaries from the Civil War\; (3) \Emancipation\; (4) \Black Soldiers in the Civil War\; (5) \The Effort at Reconstruction\; (6) \Westward Ho\; (7) \The Black Exodus of 1879\; (8) \A Century of Dishonor Toward Native Americans\; (9) \The Farmer's Revolt\; (10) \The Rise of Big Business\; (11) \The Rise of Labor Unionism\; (12) \The New Immigrants\; (13) \The Election of 1896\; and (14) \Imperialism and Racism.\ A review section, glossary, and teacher's guide are included. (EH)…

Hutton, Frankie (1990). Free Women and the Antebellum Black Press: Gender Oppression Reconsidered. Black newspapers and journals published between 1827 and 1860, such as "Freedom's Journal,""The Weekly Advocate," and the "Mirror of Liberty," worked to dispel negative images and to set the record straight about women of color, in contrast to the unfounded hyperboles against these women which had been pervasive during the pre-Civil War years. The messages common to the black press and women were concerned primarily with the vindication and uplift of people of color. The relationship between the black press and black women was not oppressive but symbiotic, as the black press brought benefits to black women, and the women, in turn, brought financial and editorial support to the black press. Led by such men as Samuel Cornish, John Brown Russwurm, Frederick Douglas, David Ruggles, and Thomas Hamilton, the antebellum press was a forum for the social thought of women of color, daring to publish a variety of their literary, sociopolitical, moral and…

(1987). Human Rights: The Struggle for Freedom, Dignity and Equality. Resource Guide. Every human being deserves the right to live in freedom and dignity. Yet human rights violations dominate the headlines. In addition to becoming sensitive to human pain and suffering, young adults must also begin the lifelong process of creating, recognizing, and exercising options. This resource guide contains suggested questions and projects that have been found to be helpful in teaching about human rights. Chapter topics are: (1) What Are Human Rights?; (2) The Roots of Inhumanity; (3) Inhumanity: An Historical Overview; (4) The Rise of Totalitarianism in Germany; (5) Surplus People: The Final Solution; (6) Surplus People: The Pattern Continues (Argentina, Kampuchea [Cambodia], South Africa, and World Totalitarianism); and (7) Taking Action. Three appendices conclude the document: (1) Appendix A–"The Foundations of Human Rights in the United States"–containing excerpts from the Declaration of Independence, Constitution and Bill of Rights; (2) Appendix… [PDF]

Frazier, Louise; And Others (1981). Elementary School Guide for Teaching about Human Rights. This is an elementary school guide for teaching about human rights prepared for use in the Detroit, Michigan public schools. The guide presents a number of overall goals and specific educational objectives in the area of human rights. Each of these objectives is paired with corresponding classroom activities and resource materials. Topics of study include equality of races, the interdependence of people, the need for mutual understanding, the role of the government in human rights, the impact of apathy in fostering inhumane conditions, the ways in which racism, sexism, and genocide develop, and the destructive effects of myths and stereotypes. (APM)…

Nash, Evelyn; And Others (1981). High School Guide for Teaching about Human Rights. This is a high school guide for teaching about human rights prepared for use in the Detroit, Michigan public schools. The guide presents a number of overall goals and specific educational objectives in the area of human rights. Each of these objectives is paired with corresponding classroom activities and resource materials. Topics of study include equality of race, the interdependence of people, the need for mutual understanding, the role of government in human rights, the impact of apathy in fostering inhumane conditions, the ways in which racism, sexism, and genocide develop, and the destructive effects of myths and stereotypes. (APM)…

Clark, David G., Ed.; Hutchinson, Earl R., Ed. (1970). Mass Media and the Law; Freedom and Restraint. The papers and articles collected in this volume examine the relationship between government, business conglomerates, and the mass media and discuss the effect of this relationship on the flow of information. Separate sections are devoted to: the \right to know\; the effect of media barons on the flow of news; the \right of access\; the sometimes conflicting guarantees of the First and the Sixth Amendments; invasion of privacy; libel; obscenity; the impact of such Federal agencies as the Post Office, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Federal Communications Commission; and copyright laws. At the end of each section relevant books, articles, and court decisions are noted. In the concluding section of the book, the editors summarize their position by stating that the changing nature of the communications process demands that the law must not only protect the media's right of access to information, but must also forbid the arbitrary denial of space in which to present divergent…

Elam, Stanley M. (1984). Anti-Democratic Attitudes of High School Seniors in the Orwell Year. Phi Delta Kappan, v65 n5 p327-32 Jan. Replicating a survey of high school students of the class of 1952, the author's survey of the class of 1984 shows greater agreement with the \Founding Fathers\ on many issues, with a larger percentage of students willing to allow police searches without warrants and deny legal counsel to criminals. (JBM)…

Ford, Laura Christian (1978). The Implications of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act Amendments of 1978 for Colleges and Universities. Journal of College and University Law, v5 n3 p161-209 1978-79. The 1978 amendments to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) and their effect on college and university retirement practices are discussed. Lobbying efforts of higher education associations, an analysis of case law under ADEA prior to 1978 amendments, and major issues facing college counsel and administrators are reviewed. (MLW)…

Lyons, Bruce; Page, John P. (1997). Your Rights as an Accused. Update on Law-Related Education, v21 n2 p18-21 Spr. Provides an instructive overview of the responsibilities of the police and the rights of the citizen concerning criminal investigations. Briefly describes the protections afforded by the fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and fourteenth amendments. Includes a learning activity involving a legal analysis of situations. (MJP)…

Nedelsky, Jennifer (1990). The Concept of Rights as Limits on Government. Political Science Teacher, v3 n2 p8-9 Spr. Describes a course on the tension between individual rights and the powers of government. Explores the differences between the Anti-Federalists and Federalists conceptions of rights and the role of government. Discusses contemporary problems of rights as limits to democratic outcomes. Questions the traditional interpretations of the U.S. Constitution. Includes course syllabus. (RW)…

Nakanishi, Don T. (1990). Why I Fought. Amerasia Journal, v16 n1 p139-58. An Asian Pacific American professor, D. T. Nakanishi, describes his decision to fight the University of California Los Angeles' initial denial of tenure, including the legal and tactical considerations involved, his sense of generational duty, the case's importance for other Asian Americans, and the personal pain and suffering involved. (JB)…

Thorburn, Marigold J. (2008). Comparative Policy Brief: Status of Intellectual Disabilities in Jamaica. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, v5 n2 p125-128 Jun. A population-based prevalence study in one region of Jamaica in 1987-1989 indicated that about 8% of the childhood population had cognitive (intellectual) disability. Some harmful beliefs and practices persist about child rearing, violence towards women, and child abuse of all types. A lack of knowledge is apparent about the efficacy of home-based learning, rather than special schools or centers for children with disabilities. A national policy on the health, education, and protection of children is not fully implemented. There is also a national policy on disability, although there are few provisions for children aged 0-8 years. A ministerial policy on education for children with special needs is a work in progress. There are approximately 2,000 children aged 4-18 years in special education programs: It is not known how many are in inclusive educational settings. Although little information is available, it is likely that most adults with intellectual disabilities do not have any… [Direct]

Zirkel, Perry Alan (1993). Section 504 and the Schools. This compilation serves as a reference to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 in relation to policies and practices of school districts and other entities providing educational services to elementary and secondary level students. The volume begins with a road map of Section 504 in relation to public schools, with an emphasis on students. The legislation itself is then provided, followed by regulations, which are presented in two forms: the official version and an annotated version based on a sampling of court decisions and administrative interpretations. The annotated version provides insight into the degree and direction of the evolving enforcement and interpretation of Section 504 in the schools, suggesting guidance as to vulnerable practices and preventive procedures. Extensive appendices include: a comparison of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the Americans with Disabilities Act, and Section 504; compliance self-evaluation forms; sample notices…

Norris, Judy (1994). History of Indigent Defense in the United States. Update on Law-Related Education, v18 n3 p16-23 Fall. Maintains that providing justice to people accused of a crime has evolved slowly over the centuries. Discusses the history of indigent defense in the United States. Includes vocabulary terms, a timeline, a list of "Heroes of Indigent Defense," reviews of significant court cases, and a discussion of legal services in five cities. (CFR)…

(1993). Progress Revisited: The Quality of (Work)Life of Women Teachers. This study explores the elusive concept of "Quality of Life" of women teachers in Canada. It is clear that both gender and profession mediate quality of life and overlap in ways researchers are just beginning to understand. The experiences of men have been the yardstick against which women's progress in the teaching profession has been measured. The research shows that positions of women in education have been segregated internally by the profession and remain so, even after 20 years of reform efforts. The slow rate of change shows that change is happening, but that rate can be discouraging by its slowness. In the move toward educational reform, questions of equality are raised as schools are encouraged to become more like the "men's world" with product-orientation, rather than child-centered. The table of contents lists four chapters: (1) "Progress Revisited: The Quality of (Work)Life of Women Teachers"; (2) "Measuring the Gap"; (3)… [PDF]

Bethea, Leslie L.; Thompson, Anne R. (1996). Student Survey of Knowledge of Disability Laws and Recent Legal Decisions. Intended for surveying the knowledge of college students and college faculty/staff about the rights and responsibilities of students with disabilities, this survey form and corresponding answer sheets provide 28 questions, their correct responses, and references to laws or literature. Emphasis is on providing information about the provisions of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act, which require institutions of higher education to make accommodations and modifications of policy to ensure that students with disabilities have an equal educational opportunity. Also, court decisions concerning these rights are emphasized. Survey questions address issues such as reasonable accommodations, student responsibilities concerning reasonable accommodations, changes in a classroom's location to improve accessibility, provision of an attendant, special provisions for testing, alternative formats for instructional materials, access to the student's… [PDF]

Pinnell, Julia M.; Pinnell, Ronald L. (1990). An Overview of the Basic Principles of Negligence: What the Courts Expect and Demand of Physical Educators. Teachers and coaches once held a special place in the hearts and minds of the American public; however, times have changed. Students are quick to question authority and parents are more willing to retain the services of an attorney to solve their problems. Elementary and secondary school physical education teachers are especially vulnerable targets of legal liability lawsuits. The most frequently used yardstick to determine the liability of physical educators is negligence (a type of civil wrong), which is the failure to act as a reasonable and prudent person in a situation that causes someone harm. Because there are no concrete rules to define negligence, the courts utilize an objective formula to evaluate the conditions surrounding a sports injury to determine whether it was the result of the physical education teacher's negligence. The elements of the formula include: (1) Did the teacher owe the student a duty of care to protect him from unreasonable risks of harm? (2) Did the… [PDF]

(1981). School Discipline: Preventing Problems. School Management Handbook Number 1. This part of the School Management Handbook provides the elementary school administrator with a quick overview of several aspects of school discipline. The first section introduces concepts central to developing effective school discipline policy, including the value of focusing on preventing rather than simply punishing misbehavior; prioritization of disciplinary aims; the roles of the principal and the teacher; the place of student codes and handbooks; and the roles of parents and the community. Section 2 discusses assertive discipline, a technique for establishing good student behavior habits. Inschool suspension is the topic of section 3. The fourth and last section discusses students' constitutional rights in the areas of expression, dress, religion, publications, and freedom from prior restraint, and notes relevant court decisions. Specific recommendations for disciplinary policy accompany each section of the document. (PGD)…

Buesing, Gregory (1973). Maliseet and Micmac Rights and Treaties in the United States. Written for purposes of furthering aid to the Association of Aroostook Indian (AAI) in procuring Maliseet and Micmac American Indian rights, this essay provides historical documentation of U.S. treaties verifying Native American rights. This essay asserts that although about 4,000 Micmacs and Maliseets live in New England (1,000 in Maine), they have not been formally recognized by the Federal Government and had not been given state recognition until the AAI was formed in 1967 and began to further their cause; that since they generally live off-reservation but do have reservations in Canada, they are often considered both Canadian and alien and are not, consequently, afforded government services. Arguing that these people are free to cross borders and are entitled to certain rights under a series of treaties established between the Indians and the U.S. during and after the American Revolution, this essay presents the historical basis for the following rights: (1) the right to come to…

MacKay, A. W. (1987). The Charter of Rights and Special Education: Blessing or Curse?. Canadian Journal for Exceptional Children, v3 n4 p118-27. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is examined, focusing on rights limitations and remedies for violations. The charter's impact on special education is noted in such areas as the constitutional right to accessible education, appropriate content of education, related special education services, and reasonable limits and costs. (Author/JDD)…

Strang, Kirk D. (2002). Technology in Public Education: What Will the Quest for Fairness and Efficiency Do to Individual Interests and Rights?. This paper–part of a collection of 54 papers from the 48th annual conference of the Education Law Association held in November 2002–is an outline of a presentation on monitoring the activities of students and school personnel. The dilemma, according to this paper, is that public schools are obliged to prevent persons under their supervision from causing harm to others. Yet satisfying such responsibilities increasingly requires more active, and sometimes intrusive, means of supervising and monitoring the activities of students and school personnel. The first section of the outline describes the nature of the dilemma. The next section examines events and factors that may influence public perceptions of schools responsibilities. The next section discusses legal duties that can encourage heightened supervision and monitoring. The next section examines relevant legal authority and includes analyses of litigation involving employee polygraph protection and privacy rights and technology….