Black-Branch, Jonathan L. (1993). The Past, Present and Future Tenses of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms for Special Education Students: The Perceptions of Academics and Legal Practitioners. Canadian Journal of Special Education, v9 n2 p134-44. Seven academics and eight legal practitioners were interviewed concerning the influence of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms on the rights of special needs children. The experts predicted that charter rights may become one of the most litigated areas of education. Three areas of concern included student identification, student placement, and accommodation of student needs. (JDD)…

Bullard, Sara (1993). The Child's Defender: An Interview with Marian Wright Edelman. Teaching Tolerance, v2 n1 p8-12 Spr. Interviews Marian Wright Edelman about her work with the Children's Defense Fund and her book "The Measure of Our Success." The importance of having a sense that the world can be better is emphasized. Children must be given a voice and a way to participate in solving society's problems. (SLD)…

Smith, Joseph F., Jr.; Tucker, Bonnie Poitras (1996). Accommodating Law Faculty with Disabilities. Journal of Legal Education, v46 n2 p157-88 Jun. The obligations of law schools, under federal law, to accommodate faculty with disabilities are examined. Employment provisions of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the definition of a disabled individual are reviewed, and real and hypothetical scenarios in hiring and employing law teachers are analyzed. Focus is on schools' legal responsibility. (MSE)…

Wihl, Gary (2006). Politics, Academic Freedom, and the General Counsel's Office. Liberal Education, v92 n2 p20-25 Spr. Political pressure on colleges and universities has been a matter of common debate and concern since 1934. That was the year the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) and the Association of American Colleges (the precursor of AAC&U) established a series of conferences in order to reaffirm and develop the 1925 Conference Statement on Academic Freedom and Tenure. These conferences produced the 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure that is still the reference point for many college and university policies today. It underwent another set of revisions in 1970, when interpretative statements were added; the statement has the endorsement of approximately two hundred learned societies and organizations. The AAUP conceived of the tenure system in the context of a fundamental research mission within universities: a greater emphasis on research went hand in hand with greater protections and freedom of inquiry for faculty members. The principles set forth in… [PDF] [Direct]

Cashman, Holly R. (2006). Who Wins in Research on Bilingualism in an Anti-Bilingual State?. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, v27 n1 p42-60. Despite its multilingual heritage, the USA has a history of linguistic intolerance. Arizona, in the country's desert Southwest, is decidedly anti-bilingual although it has significant non-English-speaking groups, especially Spanish-speaking Mexicans/Mexican-Americans and indigenous groups such as the Navajo, Hopi and Yaqui tribes, among many others. This anti-bilingual ideology has resulted in the passage of legislation restricting residents' linguistic rights, such as Proposition 106 to make English the sole official language of all state business and Proposition 203 to eliminate bilingual education in state-funded schools. Several explanations have been put forth to account for this anti-bilingual ideology, from racism to ignorance to fear. In this paper I argue that researchers of bilingualism in a state ideologically opposed to language minority groups' bilingualism have certain responsibilities vis-a-vis the members of language minority groups who are the participants in their… [Direct]

Deropoulou-Derou, Eudoxia; Karagianni, Panagiota; Spandagou, Ilektra; Zoniou-Sideri, Athina (2006). Inclusive Discourse in Greece: Strong Voices, Weak Policies. International Journal of Inclusive Education, v10 n2-3 p279-291 Mar. This paper explores the inclusive discourse in Greece at a period characterized by change in policy and practice. The aim is to discuss critically the distance between the strong voices and weak practices that characterizes the Greek inclusive discourse. The first part focuses on disability and presents the ways that a "common sense" understanding of disability is constructed in the public domain resulting in the de-politicization of the inclusive discourse. The second part focuses on inclusive education, discussing the contradiction between the rhetoric of inclusive education and the reality of the expansion of special provision for an increasing number of students. It is argued that the fragmentation of the inclusive discourse and the emphasis on common sense assumptions about human and social rights reduce policies about inclusive education to an add-on, peripheral element of the proposed educational reforms…. [Direct]

Carr-Stewart, Sheila (2006). First Nations Education: Financial Accountability and Educational Attainment. Canadian Journal of Education, v29 n4 p998-1018. First Nations people have both a Constitutional and a Treaty right to education; however, the Crown's jurisdictional obligations to provide educational services have not lead to similar educational opportunities and attainment achievement for First Nations students as compared to Canadian students in provincial schools. Canada's Auditor General, in 2000, stated that Indian and Northern Affairs Canada could not demonstrate that it reached the objective to assist First Nations students on reserve in achieving their educational needs and aspirations. In 2004, the Auditor General noted a widening achievement gap. Using statistical information from the Department of Indian Affairs and the Auditor General to consider educational financial accountability, the author argues that equitable financial resources are required to support First Nations students in band-managed schools. (Contains 3 tables and 6 notes.)… [PDF] [Direct]

Evans, G. R. (2006). Decisions: "Carltona" and the CUC Code. Education and the Law, v18 n2-3 p177-191 Jun. The Committee of University Chairman publishes a code of good practice designed, among other things, to ensure clarity about the authority on which decisions are taken on behalf of universities, subordinate domestic legislation created and the exercise of discretion regulated. In Carltona Ltd.v. Commissioners of Works [1943] 2 All ER 560 AC the question was whether civil servants were acting ultra vires if they acted on behalf of a competent authority without reference to that authority. Oxford and Cambridge, which preserve an ancient system of governance by direct academic democracy, remain testbeds of this principle, for their administrators are in effect their "civil servants", not their managers. This article examines the questions which are arising as both universities begin to create Senior Management Teams, and the implications for the higher education sector more widely. (Contains 44 notes.)… [Direct]

Rosenberg, David (2006). Striding Forward: Girls and Women in Ugandan Schools. FORUM: for promoting 3-19 comprehensive education, v48 n2 p165-170. This article looks at the important role that teachers and headteachers can have as role models for children living with challenging circumstances. It focuses particularly on girls struggling against the odds to complete their education in Ugandan schools and improve their life chances. The commitment to women's rights espoused by Uganda's government is gradually undermining longstanding patriarchal norms. The implementation of universal primary education has forced these issues into the school arena. This article explores how the changing roles and increasing self-awareness of women working within Uganda's education system is impacting on girls' aspirations…. [Direct]

Damico, James; Riddle, Ruthie (2006). Exploring Freedom and Leaving a Legacy: Enacting New Literacies with Digital Texts in the Elementary Classroom. Language Arts, v84 n1 p34-44 Sep. Fifth-graders explore complicated social issues and create a CD entitled Exploring Freedom. (Contains 2 tables and 6 figures.)… [Direct]

(1995). A Gathering of Equals. A National Conversation on American Pluralism and Identity. Reading Selections [and] Guide for Leaders. This booklet contains texts of importance to all people with writings that have helped shape the U.S. identity. The texts are to serve as a springboard of discussion in a shared inquiry method of discussion of U.S. democracy. The documents in this volume include: (1) "The Declaration of Independence"; (2) "The United States Constitution: Preamble and Bill of Rights"; (3) "The Federalist #10 by James Madison"; (4) "Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address"; (5) "Letter from Birmingham Jail" by Martin Luther King, Jr.; and (6) "High School Graduation," from "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" by Maya Angelou. The guide is intended to help junior high and high school Great Books leaders enable their students to participate thoughtfully in "A Gathering of Equals: A National Conversation on American Pluralism and Identity." By study and reflection on the project readings followed by discussion of ideas, the… [PDF]

Leonard, Donald E.; Mattson, John O., Ed. (1994). Resource Book for Teachers for Use With, "…Into Your Hands His Life and Liberty…" A Collection of Significant Cases from the Rhode Island Courts. Designed for use with the student text, "Into Your Hands His Life and Liberty. A Collection of Significant Cases from the Rhode Island Courts," this teachers' guide presents activities, lesson strategies, related activities, court decisions, and additional questions. The cases, dating from Roger Williams to the 1970s, examine religious freedom, personal freedom, treason, robbery, murder, and drug possession. A Rhode Island legal time line, a listing of further resources and places, and reminiscences from the Rhode Island Bar Association conclude the guide. (RJC)… [PDF]

Glasscock, Sarah, Ed. (1996). 10 Women Who Helped Shape America: Short Plays for the Classroom. Centering on women born before the Civil War, this book presents 10 short plays (for grades 4-8) about American women who contributed in significant ways to the United States. The plays in the book are designed to enrich existing curricula and may be used in conjunction with the social studies curriculum. Each short play is followed by a teaching guide consisting of a quote by or about the subject of the play; a biography; a brief bibliography; and teaching activities designed to strengthen students' oral, writing, and research skills. After an introductory section, plays in the book are Francisca Hinestrosa (mid 1500s): Exploring America; Pocahontas (c.1595-1617): Between Two Worlds; Anne Hutchinson (1591-1643): An Outspoken Woman; Daughters of Liberty (formed in 1776): Spinning for Liberty; Nancy Ward (c.1738-1824): Nanyehi, Beloved Woman; Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910): The Word "No" Never Stopped Her; Lucy Stone (1818-1893): Changing Old Ideas; Ellen Craft…

Kisembo, Paul (1993). A Popular Version of Yash Tandon's Militarism and Peace Education in Africa. This book is a briefer, simpler popular edition of "Militarism and Peace Education in Africa." It is intended to interest the African peoples in the problems of peace and allow them to discuss and debate the issues of militarism and peace for Africa and to suggest solutions. It is also intended to interest leading organizations and people working at the grassroots level in urban and rural areas in problems of militarism and peace education. The first two chapters show how, in former times, militarism was brought to Africa by the Europeans through slave trade and colonialism. Chapter 3 shows how militarism continued after independence under neocolonialism in these forms: state terrorism, militarism based on ethnic nationality/conflicts, militarism resulting from "pastoralist conflicts," militarism resulting from cultural and religious conflicts, and militarism based on ideological conflicts. Chapter 4 explores how militarism is still connected to the exploitation… [PDF]

Croddy, Marshall; Degelman, Charles; Hayes, Bill (1998). The Challenge of Information. Teacher's Guide [and] Student Guide. The teacher's guide and a students' guide focus on basic constitutional issues dealing with the media and free press. Students examine case studies, tabloid headlines, and various policy issues relating to information dissemination in society. The guide provides recommended lesson sequences incorporating readings, directed discussions, and interactive activities supported by reproducible student handouts. Instructions for utilizing the Civil Conversation feature are included along with instructions for a final assessment activity involving the Internet. The lessons are divided into five chapters with 18 lessons. Chapters include: (1) "A Free Press"; (2) "A Responsible Press"; (3) "Free Press/Fair Trial"; (4) "The Myth Makers"; and (5) "New Frontiers." Fourteen student handouts accompany the lessons. (EH)… [PDF]

Livingston, James C., Ed. (1985). Religion and Government in Other Countries. Church, State and the First Amendment: A North Carolina Dialogue. This anthology provides an introduction to a variety of theories about and historical types of church-state relations, past and present. It provides foreign models against which citizens can judge the strengths and weaknesses of U.S. constitutional arrangements. The analysis looks at Catholicism, Islam, Lutheranism, Calvinism, Judaism, and the Protestant "Free Church" tradition within the nine chapters: (1) "A Comparative Look at Church-State Relations"; (2) "The Theocratic Ideal"; (3) "The State Church"; (4) "The Roman Catholic Position and Its Development"; (5) "A Distinction between the 'Two Kingdoms'"; (6) "The Case of Israel: A State Poised between Secular Democracy and Theocratic Law"; (7) "Separationism: The Witness of the Free or Believers' Church"; (8) "Separationism: Examples from Some Modern Secular States"; and (9) "Cooperation of Church and State: The Example of Education in… [PDF]

PASNICK, RAYMOND (1964). CHICAGO'S SCHOOL CRISIS. THE WRITER, A MEMBER OF THE CHICAGO BOARD OF EDUCATION, ACCUSES THE BOARD OF DELIBERATELY IMPOSING CONDITIONS AND POLICIES WHICH HAVE SERVED TO KEEP THE TWO RACES IN THE SCHOOL SYSTEM APART AND TO DISCRIMINATE AGAINST LARGE SEGMENTS OF THE RACIAL MINORITY. HE HOLDS THAT THERE IS A CLEAR NECESSITY TO DEMONSTRATE THIS BOARD'S SINCERITY BY IMMEDIATE, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION. TIME AND ENERGIES NEED TO BE USED IN THIS PUBLIC SERVICE BEFORE CONDITIONS GET WORSE AND THE PATIENCE OF THE VICTIMS RUNS OUT. UNDER THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC BOARD RESPONSIBLIILITY IN RUNNING THE SCHOOLS, MOST OF THE RACE RELATIONS ISSUES IN CHICAGO'S EDUCATIONAL COMPLEX COULD BE SETTLED BY ACTION OF THE BOARD MEMBERS. THE BOARD SHOULD MAKE A NEW START BY ARRANGING A CONFERENCE WITH ALL CONCERNED TO RESOLVE THE CRISIS WITH COOPERATION AND GOOD WILL. WRITTEN DURING THE TIME OF A SCHOOL BOYCOTT (FEBRUARY 1964), THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES THAT DEMONSTRATIONS AND SCHOOL BOYCOTTS ARE A DIRECT REACTION TO OUR FAILURE AND LAGGARDNESS…

Laster, John (1978). State Law on Mandatory Retirement of Tenured Faculty after the 1978 Age Discrimination in Employment Act Amendments. Journal of College and University Law, v5 n3 p211-16 1978-79. In enacting federal age discrimination legislation, Congress has not preempted the ability of the states to afford more protection to employees from forced retirement than the federal act provides. States with and without age discrimination laws and other sources of law are briefly discussed. (MLW)…

Brabeck, Mary; And Others (1994). Human Rights Education through the "Facing History and Ourselves" Program. Journal of Moral Education, v23 n3 p333-47. Reports on a study that examined the effects of the "Facing History and Ourselves" program on moral development and psychological functioning. Asserts that this study adds to the literature suggesting that human rights education positively affects students' moral development. (CFR)…

Reardon, Betty A. (1994). Human Rights and Values Education: Using the International Standards. Social Education, v58 n7 p427-29 Nov-Dec. Asserts that, in teaching about human rights, the international standards should be the fundamental core of the content and values to be communicated. Recommends that teachers should use the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the standard by which the actions of individuals and governments should be compared. (CFR)…

Gorn, Cathy (1990). National History Day 1991: Rights in History. OAH Magazine of History, v5 n1 p49-51 Sum. The 1991 National History Day theme observes the Bill of Rights bicentennial, culminating in performing and essay writing contests, designed to demonstrate the importance of the Bill of Rights. Considers various subjects and methodologies available for student contestants, encouraging them to explore global topics as well as U. S. history. (NL)…

Harvey, Karen D. (1996). Teaching about Human Rights and American Indians. Social Studies and the Young Learner, v8 n4 p6-10 Mar-Apr. Presents a flexible lesson plan integrating teaching about human rights into the existing curriculum about American Indians. Asserts that American Indians have the right to maintain their cultural ways and connects that subject to the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Includes three lists of resources and references. (MJP)…

Allender, Sara; Cooc, North; Edwards, Sara; Foley, Eileen M.; Reisner, Elizabeth R.; Riley, Derek R. (2009). Instructional Partnerships to Extend Learning in Urban High Schools: Lessons from New York City and Boston. Policy Studies Associates, Inc. Late in 2007 New Visions for Public Schools, a New York City reform organization, received a grant from the C.S. Mott Foundation to organize select high schools and community partners into delivery systems that could improve student achievement. New Visions asked Policy Studies Associates, Inc. to provide research support for this effort in the form of a concise, field-tested conceptual framework for inter-organizational instructional collaboration. The resulting model is presented in Chapter 3 of this report. In developing the model, PSA researchers reviewed pertinent literature and conducted field work in four New York City high schools and in two Boston high schools. This report presents research results in three chapters. Chapter 1 introduces concepts and methods. Chapter 2 presents case studies of successful partnerships and summarizes practitioners' views about what does and does not work. Chapter 3 discusses study conclusions and implications. There are two appendixes; the… [PDF]

Kelly, Jason M. (2009). Howard Zinn and the Struggle for the Microphone: History, Objectivity, and Citizenship. International Journal of Social Education, v24 n1 p19-25 Spr-Sum. Every year, historians in the United States attend the American Historical Association (AHA), a conference that has met annually since 1884. The AHA draws scholars from all specializations, and it is the primary organization through which the profession is represented. In 1969, the conference met at the Sheraton Park Hotel in Washington, D.C. At the business meeting on the evening of 28 December, the radicals sought to take control of the organization. The minutes demonstrate the dangers of trusting narratives–even (or especially) those proffered as neutral accounts. They do not document the moment entirely, nor do they capture the participants' experiences of it. On the central event, the records are silent. What actually happened speaks to the issues of power, neutrality, and knowledge that were central themes in Howard Zinn's career. In those moments, Zinn, representing the Radical Historians' Caucus, sought to present a resolution to the members of the AHA. He grabbed a… [PDF]

(1994). Sexual Harassment in the Classroom. This brief pamphlet, developed for New York schools, presents a concise overview of sexual harassment in the classroom. The paper contains the following sections: (1) What is the definition of sexual harassment? (2) What is important to remember about sexual harassment? (3) Can sexual harassment be prevented? and (4) What if sexual harassment occurs? In section 4, there is a guide for the student and a guide for the educator in dealing with sexual harassment. A 6-item resource list also is provided. (EH)… [PDF]

Foster, Victoria (1996). Gender Equity, Citizenship Education and Inclusive Curriculum: Another Case of "Add Women and Stir?". This paper argues that an inclusive notion of citizenship is impossible in the modern state, predicated as it is on an opposition between the public and private spheres of social life. Until that opposition is addressed in the lives of men and women, women's ambiguous relationship with citizenship and the state will continue. This paper explores some of the ways in which education perpetrates women's and girls' lack of citizenship status, in the context of the current revival of interest, in Australia and other countries, in citizenship education. The document highlights some of the real issues of of the ways in which education perpetuates women's and girls' lack of citizenship status, in the context of current revival interest in citizenship education in Australia and other countries. The document highlights some of the real issues of continuing sexual difference and inequality in curriculum participation and its outcomes, which bear directly on men's and women's participation as… [PDF]

Kelly, David H., Ed. (1996). International Feminist Perspectives on Educational Reform: The Work of Gail Paradise Kelly. Garland Reference Library of Social Science. Volume 1030. This volume presents articles by Gail Paradise Kelly spanning nearly 20 years of her professional career. Kelly, a leading scholar in the field of gender in education, was Professor of Education and Chairperson of the Department of Education, Organization, and Policy at State University of New York, Buffalo when she died in January of 1991. This collection of her writings provides a historical overview of her pioneering strategy to make gender issues prominent among educators. Presenting two original and 12 reprinted essays, the volume begins with Kelly's efforts as a student radical in the 1970s to establish feminist agendas and concludes with her harsh critiques of the current national reform movement and a proposal for a study that takes into account women's life experiences to create change in U.S. inner city schools. In the years between, Kelly's essays demonstrate how viewing women's education like men's blinds the scholar to the real issue of educating both genders. Kelly…

Mackintosh, Mary (1993). Education Law Manual: An Advocate's Guide for New York State Parents and Professionals. Third Edition. As a service to the community to protect the legal rights of students, this manual is designed to provide the legal information New York state parents and professionals need in order to become more effective educational advocates. It is not intended as a definitive legal resource, but rather as a guide for structuring a legally sound argument to ensure that every student's educational rights are honored. The manual gives an overview of student educational entitlements and provides suggestions to assist advocates and parents in speaking on behalf of their children. It explains New York state and federal legislation and the judicial cases interpreting laws that comprise educational entitlement. The manual also presents guidance on bringing the art of negotiation to advocacy efforts. Specific issues treated include the right to education and compulsory education, mandatory testing and graduation requirements, access to records, school discipline, special instructional services,… [PDF]

Leming, Robert S. (1992). Indiana v. Jamie L. Curtis: "The Case of the Questionable Book Bag Search." A Constitution-based Scripted Trial. This document presents "Indiana v. Jamie L. Curtis," a fictional court case stemming from the search by school officials of a student's bookbag. The case is based upon the actual U.S. Supreme Court case of New Jersey v. T.L.O., which involved similar facts. The document includes background materials on the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution as well as leading Supreme Court decisions on search and seizure law. Most of the document consists of a script for the fictional trial, including a list of characters, opening and closing statements by the prosecution and defense, and the examination of witnesses. At the conclusion of the presentation of the case, a previously selected jury of students is asked to reach a verdict based upon a set of included instructions. (LBG)… [PDF]

Gregory, Martha Wille, Ed. (1993). Accessibility and Accommodations: Creating Employment Opportunities. This training manual is intended to aid in the design of physical environments to make them accessible to individuals with all kinds of disabilities. Three separate sections each contain a training agenda, learning objectives, workshop content (with side notes to the trainer in italics), overheads, and handouts. Preliminary information includes module purpose and overall learning objectives, a module outline, materials needed for the workshop, and adaptations for individuals with disabilities. The first content section is on public policy. It considers, first, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), including its definition of disability requirements concerning employment, state and local government, and public accommodations. It also describes Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and gives ADA accessibility guidelines. The second section deals with steps needed to determine accommodations. These include analyzing requirements, consulting with the individual involved, and… [PDF]