Doggett, Libby; George, Jill (1993). All Kids Count: Child Care and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This guide was developed to inform the child care industry about the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and to familiarize child care providers with the importance and value of including all children in regular child care settings. It offers an overview of the law as well as practical solutions to common problems and advice to ensure success in caring for children with disabilities and complying with Title III of the ADA. Chapter 1 explains the parts of the ADA; defines terms used in the legislation; and outlines how Title III requirements affect day care center enrollment policies, facilities, and day-to-day operations. Chapter 2 discusses steps to take to comply with the ADA and what to do for children with specific types of disabilities. Chapter 3 provides an eight-step process to successful inclusion of children with disabilities in child care programs. Chapter 4 offers vignettes of five preschool-age children who attend day care centers, describing each child's specific…

Butts, R. Freeman (1992). At Last – \A Civics Lesson for All of Us.\ Working Paper Series in Education. This essay chronicles the move toward national standards in the content areas and examines the civics lessons to be learned from the debates. The paper notes the contradiction found in historically advocating local control and support of schools, moving toward the setting of national education goals and standards with little attention paid to democratic values. This U.S. movement is paralleled by the former communist nations, historically bent on central control of schools with the ideological goal of national unity, embarking on decentralized educational reforms to help prepare their students to move from a command society to political democracy. The paper suggests a need for reexamination of the core values of democracy and questions what civics lessons are being omitted in the present debate. (EH)…

Stuller, W. Stuart (1998). The Conundrum of Academic Freedom. Inquiry & Analysis, p1-4 May 1997. This article provides an overview of court cases that affect the curricular speech of teachers. Despite the large number of cases, the law governing speech in the schools is anything but settled. Courts disagree as to the analytical framework that should be applied to such claims, although most courts use the standard articulated by the Supreme Court's "Hazelwood" decision, which states that school officials may regulate the classroom speech of teachers so long as those regulations are reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns. High school curricular-speech cases began to appear shortly after the Supreme Court struck down a law that required university professors to sign loyalty oaths. Most court rulings on teachers' speech have been connected to "Hazelwood," though the courts have not applied "Hazelwood" with any measure of consistency. Nevertheless, many school districts use the "Hazelwood" case in defense since it creates a…

Cryan-Hicks, Kathryn T. (1991). W. E. B. Du Bois: Crusader for Peace. With a Message from Benjamin L. Hooks. Picture-Book Biography Series. A biogaphy of W. E. B. Du Bois is presented in this book for young children. Du Bois is widely regarded as the foremost black intellectual from the United States. A great scholar, he was the first black American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University. Of his written work he is probably best known for his essays, "The Souls of Black Folk." Du Bois was a strong advocate of black Americans. He was a founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Du Bois also was very concerned with the situation of blacks from other parts of the world. He helped to initiate a movement, called Pan Africanism, to unite people of African descent and to gain independence for African colonies. Du Bois also was well known as a champion for world peace. Accompanying the text of this biography are numerous illustrations. (DB)…

Zitron, Celia (1975). Reverse Racism: The Great White Hoax. Freedomways, 15, 3, 188-195, Sum 75. The controversy around quotas, school integration, open admissions, and reverse racism indicates a serious problem for equal educational opportunities and employment for minorities. United action of all people for effective integrated education is stressed. (Author/AM)…

Donohue, John W. (1975). Equally Suited for Studies. America, 132, 12, 234-236, Mar 29. Educational stereotypes are noted to have worked unfairly against women, but a new study reported here demolishes these myths about sex-typings. The practical problem of translating conviction into programs that make a difference is stressed. [Available from America, 106 West 56th Street, New York, New York 10019]. (Author/AM)…

Gonzalez, Josue M. (1975). Coming of Age in Bilingual/Bicultural Education: A Historical Perspective. Inequality in Education, 19, 5-17, Feb 75. Outlines the history of American bilingual education and summarizes the present state of bilingual/bicultural schooling. (Author/DW)…

McAlister, Jamie (1989). Guide to Rehabilitation Services and Self-Advocacy Manual. Client Assistance Project. This guide, which gives an overview of federally funded vocational rehabilitation programs available in New Mexico, was developed for clients and potential clients of vocational rehabilitation services. Written in a simple and clear manner, the manual outlines the goals of rehabilitation: independence, self-management, self-advocacy, and employment. It describes the five agencies established under the provisions of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973: Division of Vocational Rehabilitation, Commission for the Blind, New Vistas Independent Living Center, Projects with Industry, and the Client Assistance Program. Eligibility requirements are outlined for each agency. Guidelines are offered for appealing the eligibility determination, planning the rehabilitation program, acquiring independent living services, and working well with counselors. Clients are encouraged to become self-advocates, and checklists are provided to enable clients to assess their need for learning independent living… [PDF]

(1984). The Impact of the Equal Rights Amendment. Part 1. Hearings before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First and Second Sessions (May 26, September 13, November 1, 1983; January 24, February 21, March 20, April 23, and May 23, 1984). Presented are eight congressional hearings on a joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to equal rights for women and men. The hearings focus on a constitutional overview; the impact of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) on private and parochial education, military law and policy, abortion policy, veterans' programs, the Social Security program, and homosexual rights; and defining discrimination under the proposed amendment. The text of the proposed legislation is provided. Testimony includes statements, prepared statements, and miscellaneous materials (newsletters, letters, reports, etc.) from U.S. Senators, Representatives in Congress, and individuals representing Cornell University, Hunter College, Harvard University, Rutgers University, University of California at Berkeley, Tulane University, Emory University, Veterans of Foreign Wars, American Legion, American Veterans Committee, Vietnam Veterans of America, AMVETS, University of… [PDF]

(1986). Being Fair and Being Free: A Human Relations Program for the Secondary School. The purpose of this instructional kit is to provide secondary school teachers with activities and discussion topics to help students understand the nature of prejudice and how it conflicts with basic American values. The materials presented address seven educational objectives: (1) helping students understand that pluralism is a basic characteristic of our society; (2) helping students understand that our nation derives strength from two sources–from the intellectual and social ferment that comes from diversity coupled with the stability that comes from sharing common values; (3) helping students understand the nature of prejudice; (4) helping students understand the prejudice is un-American–that it attacks the vary basic structure of our society; (5) informing students about the consequences of prejudice both for individuals and for society; (6) elaborating on the forms prejudice take and alerting students to the specific dangers each represents; and (7) helping students…

Lawton, Stephen B. (1985). A Case Study of Choice in Education: Separate Schools in Ontario. Both Protestant and Catholic residents of Ontario's school districts have historically had the right to establish separate public elementary school boards and schools, and to levy taxes to support those schools, under most conditions. Only recently have all major political parties in Ontario agreed to funding Catholic public secondary schools through grade 13, in addition to the nondenominational public secondary schools. This agreement has led to questions about the levels and types of choice that are granted to various educational constituencies and about whether granting the rights to a separate school system for Catholics violates Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms or preserves the expressly stated constitutional rights of the Catholics. Court tests of these matters are pending. The Ontario situation suggests several propositions about choice in education that can serve as topics for discussion: (1) choice means exclusion, (2) choice reduces public control, (3) choice… [PDF]

Schweda-Nicholson, Nancy (1985). Court Interpreter Training: A Growing Need. Developments in court interpretation are outlined to illustrate the argument that more, and more qualified, interpreters are need to assist in both the federal and state courts. This discussion focuses principally on the criminal justice system, and includes federal statutory developments, especially concerning the implementation and impact of the Court Interpreters Act of 1978; constitutional bases for the appointment of a court interpreter, including federal developments in case law, state cases referring to the Federal Constitution, and state cases referring to state constitutions; a case study of the recent efforts of the State of New Jersey to improve its court interpretation services; the rationale and needed design for court interpretation training; and the current status of court interpreter training in the United States. Educational and administrative needs in the rapidly expanding field are examined. (MSE)… [PDF]

Hepburn, Mary A., Ed.; And Others (1988). Constitution 200: A Bicentennial Collection of Essays. Constitutional essays which formed the basis of public assemblies throughout three states are compiled in this book. The first three essays consider the U.S. government principles of federalism, judicial review, and the separation of powers. Michael L. Benedict proposes that the question of ultimate sovereignty has been answered differently by various groups according to their political needs. Martha I. Morgan, examines the source and extent of the power of the U.S. Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of state and federal acts. Richard H. Cox discusses the principle of the separation of powers. The remaining essays review issues related to the rights of the individual. The fourth essay (L. Carter) discusses separation of church and state. Procedural guarantees and the extension of the protections to the states through Supreme Court interpretation of the 14th Amendment are outlined in essay five (S. Talarico and E. Fairchild). The sixth essay (T. Freyer) traces the… [PDF]

Orum, Lori S.; Schroyer-Portillo, Janet (1982). Developments in School Segregation of Hispanics. This paper outlines developments in the segregation of Hispanics in public schools. It begins with a review of Gary Orfield's study, "Desegregation of Black and Hispanic Students from 1968 to 1980." Orfield determined that during the last decade Hispanics have been increasingly segregated in public schools, and are currently even more segregated than black students; this trend is expected to continue as a result of increases in the number of Hispanic youth and a lack of enforcement of Federal desegregation laws, as they affect Hispanics. The paper also includes information on the current status of the Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA), the most often used source of funds to assist school districts which were implementing desegreation plans. Because of ESAA's recent consolidation with many other education programs in block grants to the States, the money available for desegregation has been drastically reduced. And finally, the paper summarizes Congressional hearings focusing…

Abdallah-Pretceille, Martine (1989). Human Rights Education in Pre-Primary Schools: Educating Children to be Receptive to Others and to Diversity in Society! Report. Proceedings of the Teachers' Seminar (40th, Donaueschingen, West Germany, June 20-25, 1988). A seminar was held on the theme of human rights education. The seminar was thought to be the first to cover the theme of human rights in the context of nursery school and pre-primary education. The objective of the seminar was to alert teachers, educators, and teacher trainers to human rights and to ways of introducing the subject of human rights at the pre-elementary level. Participants, who came from eight Council of Europe member countries, included teachers, teacher trainers, advisers, and inspectors. The lectures included in this report cover: (1) a few points designed to stimulate thought on the birth of hatred of others; (2) constituent aspects of stories, the function of the marvelous, and the search for meaning; and (3) human rights education and nonverbal communication among the very young. Workshop discussions are summarized. Concluding remarks focus on human rights education as education, in practice, as education of the person, and recommendations are offered for…

Sheehan, Bernard W. (1987). Land and Liberty: The Ordinances of the 1780s. The U.S. Constitution established the broad legal frame for the U.S. political order; the ordinances provided the indispensable means for the expansion of that order across the continent. The first effort at organizing the northwest occurred in 1784. Written by Thomas Jefferson, the Ordinance of 1784 defined the stages through which territories should pass to statehood, made membership in the confederation perpetual, outlawed slavery, and required that state governments should be republican. The Land Ordinance of 1785 solved the problem of the orderly distribution of land. The Northwest Ordinance, enacted by Congress on July 13, 1787, contained machinery for state making and the Articles of Compact. Provisions assuring freedom of religion, trial by jury, habeas corpus, security of property and contract, proportional representation, public support of education, and the exclusion of slavery from the northwest in the territorial stage were included in the Articles of Compact. The… [PDF]

Kress, June (1982). The Current Attack on Women's Rights: A Political-Economic Perspective. The right-wing attack on women's rights in the United States manifests itself in the regulation of reproductive rights, the family, and the workplace and corresponds to the changing needs of capital in an era of social and economic crises. Against this background, anti-abortion legislation, the Family Protection Act, and discrimination in the workplace are supported by a national network of power and corporate wealth funded by industrialists and financiers. Currently, more women are entering the work force to supplement family income or as single heads of households. Women remain subjugated, however, by a bourgeois morality that suggests they are primarily wives and mothers and secondarily workers; as a result, low wages for women are legitimized. Until this bourgeois morality is challenged in the United States, women will continue to be exploited and capital will retain a free hand to move them in and out at will. The attack on women is only a small part of the national network of…

(1981). Parents Can Be the Key…To an Appropriate Education for Their Handicapped Child. Written for parents of handicapped children in Minnesota, the booklet decribes parents' rights and responsibilities in special education. The question and answer format addresses the following topics: changing rights as a result of P.L. 94-142 (The Education for All Handicapped Children Act) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; types of disabilities and ages of eligibility; components of the assessment process; parental role in assessment; individualized education programs; related services; appropriate placement; procedures (including due process hearings and appeals) that parents can take when they do not agree with the schools; suggestions for communicating with the school; and ways to be a good advocate. The booklet concludes with answers to seven rights-related questions and a list of Minnesota organizations and referral sources. (CL)… [PDF]

Rubin, Joan (1981). Spanish Language Planning in the United States. Professional Papers RU-1. Spanish language planning needs and efforts in the public domains of health, law, work, media and communication, citizenship, social welfare, and education are described. For each of these domains, communication inadequacies, planning authorities, plans for alleviating inadequacies, and efforts at implementation of plans are identified. Perceived language inadequacies in the provision of services to the Spanish-speaking community have been addressed by a wide range of interacting planning authorities. Federal language planning activities are most often in the form of court decisions followed up by laws or regulations. Legal claims based on language discrimination must be backed up by a demonstration that substantial rights are diminished by lack of bilingual services. Other language planning activities include publication of textbooks to teach Spanish to personnel who serve Spanish speakers, bilingual signs and other information sources, and the training and use of interpreters. It… [PDF]

Lewis, Denise J. (1974). The Advocacy Role of the Human Rights Commission. Journal of Intergroup Relations, 3, 4, 38-43, F 74. Explores three alternative paths to dealing with racism, and how human rights agencies can relate to each of these, viz., disruptions of institutions, creation of parallel institutions, and, working through established channels within institutions. (Author/JM)…

Fishel, Andrew; Pottker, Janice (1974). Sex Discrimination as Public Policy. Educational Forum, 39, 1, 7-15, Nov 74. Article examined the policy procedure that existed until struck down by the Supreme Court which made it a violation of the due process clause of the U. S. Constitution to promote discriminatory maternity leave policies. (RK)…

Squires, Gregory D. (1974). Intergroup Relations Reconsidered: A Reply to Perlmutter. Journal of Intergroup Relations, 3, 2, 45-49, Sum 74. A reply to \Intergroup Relations in the U.S.: Never Better,\ an article by the Director of the New England Region of the American Jewish Committee which appeared in Summer, 1973; the author is Director of the Human Rights Information Service, Michigan State University. (JM)…

Davis, Elaine C. (1974). Your Right To Swing Your Arm Ends Where My Nose Begins. Instructor, 84, 1, 60-4, Aug/Sep 74. In this article author explored our freedoms and with hypothetical cases illustrated how the freedoms can be granted or denied based on an interpretation of the Bill of Rights. (Author/RK)…

(1973). Legal Aid Programs Seek Justice, Protection, Education for Indians. Education Journal of the Institute for the Development of Indian Law, 2, 3, 19-21, Oct 73. American Indian Legal Aid Programs throughout the country are briefly described. (KM)…

Nordin, Virginia Davis (1977). Is Sex Suspect? And Other Issues Regarding Sex Discrimination in Education. This chapter presents a long look at the development of the concept of sex discrimination in education to see whether trends or key cases can be identified and discussed. In this a comparison is essayed with the development of the concept of racial discrimination in education through the school desegregation cases to see what the race cases might teach about the potential development of a jurisprudence of sex discrimination in education. Two important preliminary observations are (1) there is a failure to apply precedents regarding discrimination in racial cases to sex discrimination cases; (2) the number of \reverse discrimination\ cases seems to equal or exceed cases brought by the women whom the laws were enacted to protect. While it may be especially disappointing to women that discrimination precedents from racial cases do not apply to them, the greater disappointment is in the failure of the legal system to uphold impartial standards for all. The sex discrimination cases will…

Polsby, Daniel D. (1977). The Desegregation of School Systems: Where the Courts are Headed. The author of this paper reviews and discusses the issues behind and the decisions made by the Supreme Court in a number of school segregation cases since the 1950's. There has been no shortage of constitutional principles developed in these judicial opinions. Racial isolation and the \separate but equal\ philosophy are but two of the principles which have been considered by the courts. However, the ultimate end in view is the securing of a sound and broadly based education for as many children as possible. The author holds this vision to be beyond authoritative extrapolation from general principles, and thus beyond the judiciary. Because education is, at bottom, defined culturally, those people who want it for their children must ultimately be consulted about how \education\ should be defined. It would seem most fair, therefore, that educational policy be articulated in legislation and subjected to continuous accountability from the public, its ultimate consumer. (Author/GC)…

Glass, Elsa Dik (1977). The Legal Status of Homemakers in the District of Columbia. The document explores the legal status of the homemaker and the law in the District of Columbia, emphasizing those laws and judicial precedents that fail to give proper recognition to the value of the homemaker. The rights given to the homemaker under support, property, divorce, and inheritance laws are said to be the concrete measure of the homemaker's value to society. The booklet is arranged into three broad sections focusing on how the laws affect homemakers during marriage, widowhood, and divorce. The first section on marriage summarizes laws pertaining to the support of a wife, choice of domicile, a wife's disability and physical abuse, and credit laws. The second section on divorce and separation discusses property division, alimony, child custody, support, modification of divorce decree, enforcement, and government assistance in support collection. The last section on widowhood considers the situations in which the husband has died with or without leaving a will, considers…

Cardenas, Blandina (1975). Broadening the Concept of Bilingual Education. Integrated Education, 13, 3, 171-172, May-Jun 75. In testimony before the May 1974 public hearings of the New York City Commission on Human Rights, the Consultant on Bilingual Education for Texans for Educational Excellence notes that organization's investigation of the El Paso Independent School District and of other school districts in the southwest identified discriminatory practices other than those associated simply with languages. (Author/JM)…

La Morte, Michael W. (1975). Legal Rights and Responsibilities of Homosexuals in Public Education. Journal of Law and Education, 4, 3, 449-467, Jul 75. Examines reported decisions that deal with questions of the employment, contract nonrenewal or dismissal, and revocation of teaching certificates of homosexuals in public education. Discusses emerging issues and legal principals dealing with the homosexual-educator. (Author)…

Askin, Frank; Cohen, Carl (1975). Debate: Preferential Admission in Higher Education: Should We Support or Condemn it?. Civil Liberties Review, 2, 2, 95-116, Spr 75. Two civil libertarians, who take opposing positions on the civil liberties aspects of preferential treatment, contributed first statements of their positions– entitled, respectively, \Eliminating Racial Inequality in a Racist World\ and \Honorable Ends, Unsavory Means\; also includes brief rebuttals of each other's positions. (JM)…