Eckes, Suzanne E. (2004). The 50th Anniversary of \Brown\: Is There Any Reason to Celebrate?. Equity and Excellence in Education, v37 n3 p219-226. The \Brown v. Board of Education\ decision remains one of the most important legal decisions in history. Although there were local schemes used to avoid desegregating public schools after the decision, black students experienced declining segregation from the 1950s to the late 1980s. During the 1990s, however, a series of Supreme Court decisions stymied desegregation efforts. As a result, some scholars would argue that many of the changes that \Brown\ began are now becoming undone. Given this reality, the 50th anniversary of \Brown\ will not be as celebratory as it might have been. This article examines the impact of \Brown\ and its progeny…. [Direct]

Grady, Marilyn L.; LaCost, Barbara Y. (2005). Shirley Chisholm Had Guts. Journal of Women in Educational Leadership, v3 n1 p1-2 Jan. This article profiles Shirley Chisholm (1924-2205), a 1993 inductee to the National Women's Hall of Fame. Born in New York, she was the oldest of four daughters. Her father was from British Guiana and her mother was from Barbados. In 1927, she was sent to Barbados to live with her maternal grandmother. She was educated in the British school system until she returned to New York in 1934. She attended Girls High School in Brooklyn, graduated cum laude from Brooklyn College in 1946, and received a masters degree in elementary education from Columbia University. She worked at Mt. Calvary Childcare Center in Harlem, was the director of the Hamilton Madison Child Care Center (1953-1959), and was an educational consultant for the Division of Day Care (1959-1964). She served in the New York General Assembly from 1964-1968, and was a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus. Chisholm was described as a passionate and effective advocate for the needs of minorities, women, and children… [Direct]

Gunter, Helen N.; Reid, Scott A.; Smith, Joanne R. (2005). Aboriginal Self-Determination in Australia: The Effects of Minority-Majority Frames and Target Universalism on Majority Collective Guilt and Compensation Attitudes. Human Communication Research, v31 n2 p189-211 Apr. In the context of Aboriginal-Anglo Australian relations, we tested the effect of framing (multiculturalism versus separatism) and majority group members' social values (universalism) on the persuasiveness of Aboriginal group rhetoric, majority collective guilt, attitudes toward compensation, and reparations for Aboriginals. As predicted, Anglo Australians who are low on universalism report more collective guilt when presented with a multiculturalist than a separatist Aboriginal frame, whereas those high on universalism report high levels of guilt independent of frame. The same pattern was predicted and found for the persuasiveness of the rhetoric and attitudes toward compensation. Our data suggest that (a) for individuals low in universalism, framing produces attitudes consonant with compensation because it produces collective guilt and (b) the reason that universalists are more in favor of compensation and reparation is because of high collective guilt. We discuss the strategic use… [Direct]

Schaub, Diana J. (2002). Abraham Lincoln and the Pillars of Liberty. Academic Questions, v16 n1 p23-31 Dec. In this essay, Diana Schaub, associate professor and chair of the Department of Political Science at Loyola College in Maryland, asserts that the 9/11 attack on America showed students the fallacy not of relativism, but of toleration. They are now aware that there are limits to toleration. By giving such a vivid display of the horrors of fanaticism and extremism, the terrorists may actually have strengthened the relativism of America's youth. She believes that the present moment is an auspicious one for prompting students to question their ingrained relativism, and harks back to Abraham Lincoln's admonition that \time and usurpation\ are America's greatest enemies, against which only virtue and reason (education) will prevail. (Contains 15 notes.)… [Direct]

Munro, Kate (2005). The Public Sale of Funds for Indigenous Education: A Perspective from Tranby Aboriginal College. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, v45 n2 p251-266 Jul. The discussion begins with an overview of the historical struggle for independence in Indigenous education and highlights the success in the provision of quality education by the community-controlled sector, and more specifically, Tranby. The right to self-determination is then contextualised against a backdrop of the Royal Commission Into Aboriginal Deaths In Custody (RCIADIC) and within a framework of international legal authority. Finally the diminution of funding for Indigenous education is discussed with reference to the Indigenous Education (Targeted Assistance) Amendment Bill 2005, and its potential impact on Tranby and the community-controlled sector…. [PDF]

Nelson, Pamela A. (2005). Preparing Students for Citizenship: Literature and Primary Documents. Social Studies and the Young Learner, v17 n3 p21-29 Jan-Feb. History and literature contain the keys to understanding oneself and others. Studying these subjects helps young people realize how the world they know evolved and how people like them coped with challenges, sometimes successfully, sometimes not. These subjects introduce students to models of achievement and courage, but they also provide cautionary tales of human evil, error, and cruelty. Most recently, Keith Barton and Linda Levstik asked educators to consider how the study of history will help young citizens act in a democratic republic in the present and the future? What materials, methodologies, and experiences will involve students with history so that it contributes to their lives as citizens? In this article, the author would like to highlight the role of literature, primary-source materials, and history workshop in helping students learn about the past in preparation for the present and the future. Secondly, the author would like to supply suggestions of notable literature,… [Direct]

Eisenmann, Linda (2005). A Time of Quiet Activism: Research, Practice, and Policy in American Women's Higher Education, 1945-1965. History of Education Quarterly, v45 n1 p1-17 Spr. This article reflects on three narratives that affected American women's participation in higher education during the first twenty years after World War II. In hindsight, the educators of the 1950s and early 1960s may seem gratuitously meek and self-effacing. In comparison to later efforts, their activism can appear unnecessarily limited and too adaptive. Yet, the nature of the advocacy practiced by these postwar educators suited itself to the opportunities and the thinking of an era filled with ambivalence about how women should balance home with career, community work with national service, and personal fulfillment with societal expectation. (Contains 44 footnotes.)… [Direct]

Johnstone, Jodi (2005). Employment of Disabled Persons in the Academic Library Environment. Australian Library Journal, v54 n2 p156-163 May. Academic libraries are the cornerstones of universities in providing information resources for the students and staff of the university. Indirectly, they may be instrumental in the development of beliefs and attitudes regarding the employment of disabled people. In 1998, the Australian Bureau of Statistics conducted a study into the status and wellbeing of disabled people, including employment restrictions. The percentage of the population who are disabled had risen from 15 per cent to 19 per cent in 17 years and half of these are unemployed or have restrictions on their employment…. [Direct]

Permuth, Steve; And Others (1981). The Law, the Student, and the Catholic School. Providing explanatory information regarding the legal principles and issues affecting Catholic school educators, this handbook summarizes student rights, contractual arrangements, and state and federal requirements as they apply to parochial schools. The legal issues involved in torts of negligence, including establishment and violation of educators' duties toward students, proximate cause, and injury, are discussed. A further section reviews specific topics such as discrimination, law enforcement, restraint and corporal punishment, school records, search and seizure of student property, free speech, student publications, and suspension and expulsion. Each topic is accompanied by discussion questions, hypothetical examples, and case citations. The book closes with suggestions for the development of due process policies. (JEH)… [PDF]

Kimmelman, Paul (1982). School Public Library Censorship and the First Amendment. Censorship has become a significant problem for public school libraries and has been addressed in several court cases, including Pico v. Island Trees Board of Education, the first such case to be heard by the Supreme Court. In this case, to be decided in the summer of 1982, the school board voted to remove a group of books from school libraries, despite the recommendations of a committee appointed by the board, on the basis of charges raised against the books by a conservative parents' organization. From a review of the major earlier cases it would appear that the most equitable and efficient approach to the book removal controversy involves balancing the student's right to receive information with the school board's right to select curricular materials free from judicial intervention. (Author/PGD)… [PDF]

(1974). Student Records: Protection of the Rights and Privacy of Parents and Students. The information presented here describes the Federal and State Laws that school officials must adhere to with respect to student records. The sections of the Education Amendment Act of 1974 that deals with the maintenance and release of student records, protection of the rights and privacy of parents and students, protection of pupil rights, and limitation on withholding of Federal funds are listed. The Nebraska State Statutes also delineate specific responsibilities that school district employees accept when student records exist. These deal with such aspects as: listings under everything in the folder, parents may challenge records, personally identifiable records, data-gathering, over 18 children, parents must be told of rights, experimental programs and limitations. Suggested guidelines accompany each category of law. Included under guidelines complying with Nebraska State Law are sections on categorizing student records, academic records, behavioral/disciplinary reports,… [PDF]

Eaneman, Paulette S.; And Others (1974). Juvenile Rights. Second Edition. These classroom materials are part of the Project Benchmark series designed to teach secondary students about our legal concepts and systems. This unit focuses on juvenile rights and responsibilities under the law. The materials outline juvenile rights and responsibilities in the areas of parental control, education, free expression, search and seizure, marriage, work, legal contracts, torts and liability, automobile law, criminal law, and drug and alcohol law. The second section briefly outlines the jurisdiction and procedures of juvenile court. Suggestions are included for a sample lesson requiring students to play roles of a juvenile bill-of-rights convention in which eight freedoms are determined. (DE)…

Moody, Charles D., Sr., Ed.; And Others (1974). Student Behavior, Rights and Responsibilities and the Fair Administration of Discipline. Conference Proceedings, April 1-2, 1974. These conference proceedings explore three major themes on student rights and responsibilities in public secondary schools, with the stated intent of facilitating progress toward an integrated school environment in which each student is (1) encouraged by a multiracial staff to participate fully, and (2) made to feel welcome as an equal member of the school. The first section examines the fair administration of disciplines and includes such topics as psychological perspectives, a principal's viewpoint, and the politics of administering a student discipline code. Under the general rubric of the present scope of school authority and student rights, the second portion considers various substantive and procedural issues such as changes in special education, student records, fact finding techniques, attendance policies, alternative placement, due process, police-school contacts, juvenile courts, and public schools. Three models focusing on curriculum, school policies, and inservice… [PDF]

Reinfeld, Patricia M. (1974). Woman: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. This booklet on the status of women, aimed at raising the consciousness of female college students, provides an orientation to feminism and references for further pursuit of the areas covered in the following sections. \On Woman and Her Role\ sets the stage with selected quotations, expressing conflicting views of woman's role. \What It Is All About\ gives the reader an answer to the question \What do you think of women's lib?\ by outlining the various aims and grievances of feminists and the action they have taken to improve their condition. \Women and the Law\ deals with the various laws that can be used to achieve equality and provides an address for securing further interpretations of the laws. \Women at Work\ provides a non-restrictive outlook on jobs with suggestions for obtaining more specific information. \The Women Who . . .\ describes women in education, abolition, women's suffrage, religion, social and civic reform, labor, science, business, sports, the arts, and many…

Didion, Catherine Jay (1997). A Report Card on Gender Equity on the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of Title IX. Journal of College Science Teaching, v27 n2 p97-98 Nov. The Association for Women in Science (AWIS), in conjunction with the National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education (NCWGE), published a report card on how women have fared over the past 25 years since the passage of Title IX. The report card gave mathematics and science a C+. Recommends ways of encouraging active participation of women in classes. (PVD)…

Parry, Gareth (2005). Camera/Video Phones in Schools: Law and Practice. Education and the Law, v17 n3 p73-85 Sep. The emergence of mobile phones with built-in digital cameras is creating legal and ethical concerns for school systems throughout the world. Users of such phones can instantly email, print or post pictures to other MMS1 phones or websites. Local authorities and schools in Britain, Europe, USA, Canada, Australia and elsewhere have introduced outright bans on their use because of the problems or risks they pose if misused. Risks concerned with pupils surreptitiously photographing other pupils in changing rooms or photographing examination papers are obvious examples. The article examines some worldwide examples of the misuse of camera phones in schools and the issues and problems that emerged. A landmark decision concerning the European Data Privacy Directive (Directive 95/46/EC) in the case of Bodil Lindqvist by the European Court of Justice is explored and the implications for camera phones considered. The article concludes by stating that because of their ubiquity and social… [Direct]

Mezey, Susan Gluck (1977). Local Representatives in Connecticut: Sex Differences in Attitudes towards Women's Rights Policy. The research investigated the relationship of a person's sex to his or her public policy preferences, with particular regard to women's issues. Women's issues are reflected in public policy which directly affects women's lives. Examples are day care facilities, sex bias of educational materials, and abortion facilities. The study was conducted to ascertain whether women's interests are concentrated in certain areas and whether female politicians place women's policy issues on a higher level of importance than male politicians do. The hypothesis was that female politicians would not indicate more concern or more expertise in women's public policy areas than would men. One hundred Connecticut municipal council-members (50 female and 50 male) were questioned about policy preferences, interests, and areas of expertise. Findings indicated that although women were more concerned about social problems than men, their interests were not limited to this area. Also, women expressed more… [PDF]

Montgomery, Ken (2006). Racialized Hegemony and Nationalist Mythologies: Representations of War and Peace in High School History Textbooks, 1945-2005. Journal of Peace Education, v3 n1 p19-37 Mar. This paper examines the ways in which high school Canadian history textbooks authorized from 1945 to the present have represented national participation in wars and peace-making/keeping operations. I explore how national mythologies of Canada as a kinder, more tolerant, or less violent national body permeate the narratives of national history textbooks, but also position Canada, in racialized terms, as a nation superior to all others and thus burdened with the fantasized responsibility to uplift implicitly inferior spaces, nations and peoples elsewhere on the planet. I illustrate that these textbooks do not simply tell the history of the modern state of Canada and its relationship to war and war-related issues (i.e., peace-making/keeping), but rather redundantly disseminate racialized representations of Canada as a glorious and exceptional "living organism" that matures through the development of such redeeming qualities as respect for humanity, morality, compassion,… [Direct]

Perry, Andre M. (2006). Substantive Members Should Receive Financial Aid. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, v5 n4 p322-346. Policy makers have not reached a reasonable consensus on whether undocumented immigrants should receive financial aid nor developed a consistent set of conditions for eligibility. This article builds on an earlier case study and explores some of the critical issues that prevent actors from creating policy that reflects our underlying attitudes of membership. It addresses critical points of tension so that readers and policy makers can possibly reconcile intuitions and actions. (Contains 5 notes.)… [Direct]

McWhirter, Darien A., Ed. (1994). Search, Seizure, and Privacy. Exploring the Constitution Series. This book, part of the "Exploring the Constitution Series," provides a basic introduction to important areas of constitutional law. Each volume contains a general introduction to a particular constitutional issue combined with excerpts from significant Supreme Court decisions in that area. The text of the Constitution, a chronological listing of the Supreme Court justices, and a glossary of legal terms are included in each volume. The controversial topic of search and seizure is explored in this volume. The rights of citizens to be free from invasions of privacy and the needs of law enforcement to apprehend and prosecute criminals are explored in light of Supreme Court and lower court decisions in these areas. The eight chapters in this volume are: (1) "Introduction"; (2)"Protecting Property and Privacy"; (3) "Searching Homes and Businesses"; (4) "Searching and Seizing People in Public Places"; (5) "Searching and Seizing…

Finkelman, Paul (1995). Taking Stands in American History. OAH Magazine of History, v9 n2 p3-7 Win. Introduces a special issue topic: "Taking Stands in American History." Maintains that every generation has included citizens who have taken stands fusing the rights guaranteed by the First Amendment. Previews topics and contents of articles that are included in this issue. (CFR)…

(1986). Preparation for a Commemoration: First Full Year's Report of the Commission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution. During the first year of its three-year existence, the Bicentennial Commission began to fulfill its mission, as defined by its chairman, to provide "a history and civics lesson for all of us." The Commission has decided to focus primarily on the educational potentialities of commemoration and to foster a firm understanding and appreciation of America's constitutional heritage and priceless freedoms. The Commission is cosponsoring two national writing competitions for high school and law school students, and has established an Educational Programs Registry to provide a short summary of Constitution-related programs. The National Archives has developed a supplemental teaching unit for secondary school students which contains 40 documents from the National Archives collection to aid in the educational effort of the Commission. In its role of encouraging and coordinating activities, the Commission has worked through private and public entities to reach out to U.S. citizens to… [PDF]

Clarke, John Henrik (1988). Africans Away from Home. Africans who were brought across the Atlantic as slaves never fully adjusted to slavery or accepted its inevitability. Resistance began on board the slave ships, where many jumped overboard or committed suicide. African slaves in South America led the first revolts against tyranny in the New World. The first slave revolt in the Caribbean occurred in Cuba, but the most organized revolts occurred in Haiti and Jamaica. The South American and Caribbean revolts were successful because of geography and, most importantly, because of African cultural continuity. In the United States, the African pursuit of liberty differed in various parts of the country, depending on the following factors: (1) conditions at the respective plantations; (2) relationships forged with American Indians; (3) the impact of the weather; and (4) contacts with Africans from the Caribbean. The emerging radical Black ministry set in motion several slave revolts in the first half of the nineteenth century. During the…

Demaine, Jack, Ed.; Entwistle, Harold, Ed. (1996). Beyond Communitarianism: Citizenship, Politics and Education. Thirteen authors reflect on different ideas of communitarianism and citizenship and on the ways those ideas find application in the fields of education, politics, and social welfare. Looking beyond communitarian ideology, the volume offers a more detailed discussion of citizenship in contemporary society. The essays are: (1) "Beyond Communitarianism: Citizenship, Politics, and Education" (Jack Demaine); (2) "Gender and Citizenship Rights" (Elizabeth Kingdom); (3) "Identity, Culture, and Environment: Education for Citizenship for the 21st Century" (Rob Gilbert); (4) Civic Education, Democracy, and the English Political Tradition" (Wilfred Carr; Anthony Hartnett); (5) "Education for Citizenship and the National Curriculum" (Ken Fogelman); (6) "Literacy, Citizenship, and Education" (Kenneth Levine); (7) "Ethnic Minorities, Citizenship, and Education (Sally Tomlinson); (8) "Towards European Citizenship" (Geoff Hoon);…

Tibbitts, Felisa (1996). On Human Dignity: The Need for Human Rights Education. Social Education, v60 n7 p428-31 Nov-Dec. Describes recent developments and resources in the rapidly growing field of human rights education. Explains the importance of teaching this subject with a global perspective. Includes a human rights lesson plan, student exercises, and a list of selected resources. (MJP)…

Beck, Ulrich (1997). Democratization of the Family. Childhood: A Global Journal of Child Research, v4 n2 p151-68 May. Discusses several issues related to a modern approach in the interpretation of civil freedom and its relationship to the notion of family. First, presents some definitions and distinctions regarding the sociology of political freedom, which it suggests should become the sociology of citizenship. Then, applies those ideas to families, particularly to the situation of children. (AA)…

Umemoto, Karen (1990). Victory on the Tenure Front: A Summary of Lessons. Amerasia Journal, v16 n1 p131-38. Reviews details of the campaign for tenure for an Asian Pacific American University of California Los Angeles professor, D. Nakanishi. Describes key issues, three rallies, the students' role, the importance of a unified effort, and the movement's effect on other issues and campuses. (JB)…

Henderson, Rodger C. (1992). The Middle States and the Adoption of the Bill of Rights: 1787-1791. Journal of the Middle States Council for the Social Studies, v13 p38-50 1991-92. Discusses the history, development, and addition of the Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution. Describes the role of delegates from Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania in this process. Includes a bibliography and suggestions for planning student assignments and activities on this topic. (CFR)…

(2012). 31st Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the "Individuals with Disabilities Education Act," 2009. Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, US Department of Education This is the 31st Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the "Individuals with Disabilities Education Act," 2009. Section 664(d) of the "Individuals with Disabilities Education Act" ("IDEA") (P.L. 108-446), as reauthorized in 2004, requires that the Department of Education report annually on the progress made toward the provision of a free appropriate public education to all children with disabilities and the provision of early intervention services to infants and toddlers with disabilities. The report showcases the data collected from states, along with some data from a national longitudinal study that assesses the implementation of "IDEA." The report also includes information from studies, evaluations and databases of the Institute of Education Sciences and U.S. Census Bureau. This report describes our nation's progress in: (1) providing a free appropriate public education (FAPE) for all children with disabilities; (2) ensuring… [PDF]

Schonveld, Ben (1995). Rights of the Child in Nepal. This report to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child contains observations of the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) concerning the application of the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child by the country of Nepal. The report's introductory summary asserts that although the Nepal government's passage of the Act to Provide for Safeguarding the Interests of Children 1992 is an improvement on past legislation, OMCT is very concerned that very little of this act has actually come into force. The report then presents observations and recommendations in the following areas: (1) current legislative and de facto problems with the "chastisement" of children; (2) current problems with legislation and practice of torture; (3) concern for the treatment of mentally disturbed children; (4) practice and legislation concerning rape and the girl child; (5) serious problems concerning children in the laws to protect forests; (6) children in detention and prison;… [PDF]