Burgess, William V.; Clarke, Richard C. (1975). Cultural Diversity, the Law, and Teacher Education. California Journal of Teacher Education, 2, 3, 43-8, Win 75. …

Weimer, Karl J. (1969). Citizenship Education. Clearing House, 43, 6, 355-357, 69 Feb. …

Gould, Ronald (1969). Education and Human Rights. Nat Elem Princ, 48, 3, 33-40, 69 Jan. This article is based on a speech to the Assembly of the World Confederation of Organizations of the Teaching Profession (17th, Dublin, Ireland, July 23, 1968)….

Des Jardins, Charlotte; And Others (1980). How to Get Services by Being Assertive. For Parents of Handicapped Children and Their Helpers. The handbook presents exercises to help parents of handicapped children become more assertive in securing services for their children. An introductory section explains the basic premises of the handbook: (1) that parents are equal partners with professionals; (2) that parents are the authority on their child; and (3) that parents have 10 specific rights, including rights to question decisions regarding their child and to make mistakes without feeling guilty. Assertive and nonassertive behaviors are contrasted. A second section is devoted to developing positive attitudes while eliminating negative ones, and contains chapters with titles such as \How to Get Rid of the Shakes and Put Punch in Your Speeches\ and \How to Put Down the Put Down.\ The third section, on assertiveness at special education meetings, discusses the parents' role in individualized education program meetings and due process hearings. Assertiveness exercises follow which focus on dealing with the bureaucracy…

Low, Harry W. (1978). Asians in the Mainstream. Keynote Address. In order for Asians to progress in American society, they must commit themselves to total participation in the mainstream of the culture while preserving their own special cultural identity. Asian unity in strategies for civil and cultural advancement at the local level must not become clouded by excessive involvement in international politics. With unity, such as that provided by the Northern California Asian Leadership Council to increase interchange among Asian leaders, the influence and impact of Asians will increase. However, Asians must become less politically apathetic and must involve themselves in elections and in such groups as the Chinese for Affirmative Action and the various Asian professional groups. Asians must also join with other minority groups with similar interests to combat poverty, discrimination, urban problems, legislative injustice, and educational and employment inequalities. Asian groups must make sure that strong affirmative action policies are not only…

Gonzalez, Josue M. (1978). Title VII ESEA and "Lau v. Nichols" Compliance: Towards an Articulated Approach. Draft. The Supreme Court's decision in "Lau v. Nichols," Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and other related federal legislation are all directed toward promotion of equal educational opportunity for children whose primary language is not English. These efforts are not well-coordinated by the federal agencies charged with overseeing bilingual educational opportunity programs, which are rarely either well-defined or well-monitored. A coordinated effort must be structured and jurisdiction assigned to appropriate agencies before the final details of an articulated program of cooperation can be worked out. First, funding sources should be connected under a single official, so that the various efforts are no longer seen as mere additions to other programs. Second, funding eligibility criteria relating to the "Lau" decision should be developed for districts seeking Title VII funds. Third, some requirements for receiving funds should be placed on the… [PDF]

Rothschild, Michael; Werden, Gregory J. (1979). Testing Cases under Title VII. This paper discusses Congressional and judicial attempts to deal with the problem of employment practices which lead to discriminatory outcomes but which may not be discriminatory in intent. The use of paper and pencil tests as standards for hiring and promotion is focused on as an example of this type of employment practice. An historical account of the passage of Title VII and a description of Federal court interpretations of the law are presented. The author states that although Title VII does not explicitly forbid employment practices which are discriminatory in effect if they are not discriminatory in intent, the courts have generally ruled that tests used as standards for hiring and promotion have a discriminatory impact and that firms must be able to prove that their tests bear a "manifest relationship to the employment in question." It is found that, in the majority of cases, courts have rejected respondents' attempts to prove the validity of their testing… [PDF]

BRAIN, GEORGE B.; And Others (1963). SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS CONFERENCE ON THE PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC SCHOOL DESEGREGATION. THE PURPOSE WAS TO CLARIFY THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN MITIGATING THE EFFECTS OF DE FACTO SEGREGATION. EFFORTS WERE MADE TO IDENTIFY POSSIBLE GUIDELINES FOR STUDY, BASIC AREAS OF CONFLICT OR DISAGREEMENT, AND SOME POSSIBLE COURSES OF ACTION. THREE GROUPS WERE REPRESENTED AT THE CONFERENCE–A GROUP OF SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS, A GROUP REPRESENTING FEDERAL AGENCIES, AND A GROUP OF NEGRO LEADERS. FEDERAL ORGANIZATION REPRESENTATIVES EXPLAINED THEIR ROLE AS INSTIGATING AND UNDERWRITING RESEARCH, PROVIDING NEW LEGISLATION, AND EVENLY APPLYING LAWS PREVIOUSLY PASSED. THEY ALSO NOTED THAT RACE PROBLEMS COULD NOT BE SOLVED WITHOUT SOLVING SCHOOL PROBLEMS. NEGRO REPRESENTATIVES FELT THAT A BASIC UNDERSTANDING AND COMMITMENT WAS MISSING IN THE ATTEMPTS TO PROVIDE RACIAL EQUALITY IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS. THE NAACP URGED THE ABOLITION OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD SCHOOL, THE CREATION OF LARGE EDUCATIONAL PARKS, AND A DEFINITE STAEMENT OF POLICY BY THE LOCAL SCHOOL BOARDS. THESE ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS SHOULD…

Akbar, Na'im (1980). Desegregation in the 80's: Concerns and Challenges for Public Education. The underlying reason for the failure of United States schools to provide equal educational opportunity to black children can be found in the Brown v Board of Education decision, which was unwanted and written from the perspective that blacks are an inferior group. This discriminatory basis has caused resistance to school desegregation economically, politically, and socially. Statistics demonstrate that reluctant integration has resulted in a loss of role models and leadership positions within schools for black students. Change will be effected only if the underlying assumption that differences imply superior and inferior groups is abandoned. Americans should reaffirm their respect for human dignity and recommit themselves to American principles of the equality and inalienable rights of all human beings. (MK)… [PDF]

Anrig, Gregory R. (1979). State Leadership in School Desegregation. Regardless of the lack of racial justice in housing and employment, American democracy cannot tolerate discrimination in its public schools if it is to honor its traditions as a country. State bodies must make clear their position on school desegregation and establish that desegregation is wrong legally and educationally. Sanction must be imposed upon those who attempt to avoid desegregation after due process establishes a violation. There must be technical assistance to design and analyze desegregation plans. Financial incentives must be provided in the form of special State aid for desegregation plans. There is a need to promote the educational value of giving urban children and children in suburban school districts mutual opportunities to know and learn with children of another race or background. State assistance with problems of racial or ethnic imbalance in public schools must be provided and quality integrated education must be provided once desegregation is accomplished. The…

(1978). A Working Woman's Guide To Her Job Rights. Leaflet 55. This leaflet presents general information about legislation that affects women when they are seeking a job, while they are on the job, and when they retire. Emphasis is on Federal laws as of November, 1978. Some of the topics include employment services, protection against sex and age discrimination, minimum wages and overtime pay, discrimination in promotion, joining or not joining a union, and social security benefits. Also included is a list of sources to use when assistance from State or Federal agencies is necessary, as well as sample complaint forms. (PJC)… [PDF]

(1976). The Continuing Effort for Women's Rights. UNESCO Features, No. 697. Interviews with five women prominent in their countries are presented in this newsletter. The topic is the progress of women in achieving equal rights and opportunities. The five women talked about how they see women's situation and future in their respective countries. Interviewed were an Indian economist, an English educationalist, a Senegalese nutritionist, a French lawyer, and a Ghanaian professor of linguistics. (JD)…

Lovin, Robin W. (1978). Rights to What? A Brief Look at \Affirmative Discrimination.\. The movement to undo the damage of American racism and to establish the conditions for genuine racial equality has lost its momentum, both in the academic community and in the Congress. The prevailing academic caution with regard to busing and affirmative action is best articulated by Nathan Glazer in his book \Affirmative Discrimination,\ which details the problems inherent in equal opportunity programs. His argument centers around the idea that quotas, racial percentages, and group rights not only discriminate against the individual, but are also un-American. Although the rights of individuals are important, individualism alone cannot provide the basis for institutional changes necessary to eradicate the effects of past discrimination and set the stage for genuine equality in the future. To end discrimination, we need women and minorities in positions of power, competence and control, not because these positions represent opportunities for individuals, but because this is the best…

Barbour, Alton, Ed. (1975). Free Speech Yearbook, 1974. A collection of essays on free speech and communication is contained in this book. The essays include "From Fairness to Access and Back Again: Some Dimensions of Free Expression in Broadcasting"; "Local Option on the First Amendment?"; "A Look at the Fire Symbol Before and After May 4, 1970"; "Freedom to Teach, to Learn, and to Speak: Rhetorical Considerations"; "Julian Bond: A Case Study in a Legislator's Freedom of Speech"; "Philosophical Assumptions Underlying Plato's Theory of Freedom of Speech: A Comparison with the Theory of Democratic Individualism"; "The Watergate Scandal and the Mass Media: The Early Phases"; "On Citizenship and Technocracy"; "The Supreme Court and the First Amendment: 1973-1974"; and "Freedom of Speech Bibliography: July 1973-June 1974." (TS)… [PDF]

(1974). The New Haven Department of Education Affirmative Action Plan 1974. The New Haven public schools affirmative action report contains statements of purpose, policy, and responsibility in conjunction with a plan of action to ensure that job applicants and employees receive fair consideration without regard to their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The goals and timetables established will rectify underutilization of minorities, and women and will be subject to periodic evaluation. (Author/DW)… [PDF]

Warren, Donald R. (1973). Public School as Political Idea. The American public school is a political idea, as well as an educational institution, that is still awaiting full realization. Public schools fail to deliver the promised indiscriminate availability of educational goods and services. Discussions of that failure frequently revolve around the school's educational agenda and questions of pedagogy and curriculum. It can also be understood as an historical disagreement over the political implications of the equal opportunity objective. Early leaders articulated the idea of education to prepare citizens to use political power intelligently and to transcend the accidents of birth and geography in acquiring economic powers. Those who followed through on the idea saw it as a means for homogenizing society and for imposing on it \needed\ education. At the root of these measures was a fear of the political implication of equal education. Although our schools today are not truly great, the idea, clouded with ambivalence, still has the… [PDF]

Wilson, Don (1970). Me and Thee. Symposium: Some Perspectives on Working with the Disadvantaged in an Urban Mental Health Program. This paper first presents a historical perspective of the disadvantaged minority, using black people as an example. The following section presents a clinical perspective of the psycho-social characteristics of this group. These characteristics are laden with some accuracies and many fallacies: (1) the fallacy of wisdom belonging to whites; (2) the belief that ability will be rewarded with success, while the disadvantaged are concerned with survival; (3) the fallacy of white beauty; (4) the belief that the disadvantaged are becoming more powerful by expressing themselves; and (5) the fallacy that middle class Americans are present and future oriented, while the disadvantaged are present oriented and think in terms of immediate gratification. The author feels that at present the Model Cities program has turned into a fraud based upon a revolution of expectancy and is yielding false hopes. Only through unification will the blacks and browns succeed in altering this oppressive and… [PDF]

(1968). Bibliography on the Problems of Southwestern Minority Groups and for Teachers of Adult Students from Different Cultural Backgrounds. The bibliography cites 169 books and articles, published between 1928 and 1967, on the problems of southwestern minority groups. A selected list of 69 professional books for teachers and adult students from different cultural backgrounds is included. Both lists are author-indexed. In addition, a motion picture series, a newspaper, and 6 resource centers are cited. (AN)…

(1969). Public Forum Before the Committee on Urban Indians in L.A., Calif. (Dec. 16-17, 1968); Dallas, Tex. (Feb. 13-14, 1969); Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. (Mar. 18-19, 1969); San Francisco, Calif. (Apr. 11-12, 1968); Phoenix, Ariz. (Apr. 17-18, 1969). The proceedings of public forums of the National Council of Indian Opportunity are recorded in these 5 documents. These forums were designed to gain information on the condition of urban American Indians living in Los Angeles, Minneapolis-St. Paul, San Francisco, Dallas, and Phoenix. Included in each of the documents are discussions on such factors as Indian education, housing, employment, recreation, social services, and justice. The council was to identify specific problems of urban Indians and make recommendations to the Office of Economic Opportunity and other Federal agencies assisting American Indians. (EL)…

(1970). [Recommendations of Working Committees to Urban Indian Conference]. The main body of the document contains recommendations presented by working committees of National Council on Indian Opportunity (NCIO) to the Urban Indian Conference held in December of 1970. Recommendations as outlined and discussed by various committees of NCIO are presented for the following areas: housing, education, alcoholism and drugs, economic development, contracts and proposals, Indian centers, employment, land, health, communication, political affairs of Indian interest, and treaty rights. The document concludes with a recommendation to the President of the United States that a President's Commission on the American Indian be established to examine the rights, privileges, and administrative policies regarding the American Indian. (EL)… [PDF]

(1962). The Right to Read: An Open Letter to the Citizens of Our Country from the National Council of Teachers of English. Democracy can exist only in a climate in which teachers are free to teach and students are free to learn, a climate conducive to open inquiry and responsible discussion of any and all questions related to the ethical and cultural welfare of mankind. The right of an individual to read rests on the fundamental democratic assumption that an educated free man possesses powers of discrimination and should determine his own actions. To avoid objections from pressure groups, national or local book committees tend to carefully exclude from textbooks and reading lists those sections and volumes that offend such groups. Consequently, several American writers are inadequately represented in the public secondary schools. Cut off from many of the great ideas and feelings of Western man, a student is unlikely to develop into a free, reasoning person who can make up his own mind, who can understand his culture, and who can live compassionately with his fellowman. To preserve the unity of Western… [PDF]

Peltason, J. W. (1971). Fifty-Eight Lonely Men. Southern Federal Judges and School Desegregation. Revised Edition. United States district judges have, regardless of their personal views the awesome assignment of forcing compliance with the Supreme Court's 1954 school segregation decisions. In the District of Columbia and in the border states of Missouri, Oklahoma, West Virginia, Delaware, and Maryland, for the most part authorities have completed, or are completing, school integration. They did not wait for a judge to order them to do so. Here the courts' function is primarily to prod a few laggard districts. Those men who serve as Federal judges in the 11 Southern states have a much tougher assignment: school boards, responsive primarily to white voters, have been unable or unwilling to act. The full burden of forcing compliance, of presiding over this major social revolution, has fallen on 48 district judges. This book describes how these important but still little-known men, and their 10 immediate superiors on the Courts of Appeals, have responded to the challenge. Today, the judge and his…

Hulteng, John L.; Nelson, Roy Paul (1971). The Fourth Estate: An Informal Appraisal of the News and Opinion Media. Aimed at helping readers become more understanding and more discriminating consumers of the information that the mass media provides, this book explores the rights and responsibilities of a free press within society. Subsequent chapters consider the medium's organization, the \disappearing daily,\ some weaknesses of the press, the objective-subjective reporting dilemma, ethics in the newsroom, the opinion and editorial function of the press, cartoons and other visuals, the impact of magazines, books and publishing, television news and cable television, advertising, public relations news, and conflicts among various constitutional rights and the right to free speech. (SH)…

Crown, Bonnie R. (1979). Women's Lives in the Asian Tradition. Social Education, v43 n4 p248-57 Apr. Reviews depiction of Asian women in literature by Asian writers within the context of development of basic human rights for men and wormen. Information is presented to help students analyze the literature selections. (Author/DB)…

Alschuler, Joan N. (1978). Education for the Handicapped. Journal of Law and Education, v7 n4 p523-38 Oct. This examination of the trends in education of the handicapped may seem to indicate that education of the handicapped is now ensured and certain to be appropriate. However, even Public Law 94-142 has inadequacies. It is likely that further legislation and litigation are on the horizon. (Author/IRT)…

Burns, Haywood (1978). The Bakke Case and Affirmative Action: Some Implications for the Future. Freedomways, 18, 1, 5-8, Win 78. Concludes that beyond any judicial fiat, affirmative action is a simple moral and political imperative, with its justifications deeply rooted in history. (Author/AM)…

Larsen, Stephen (1978). Learning Disabilities and the Professional Educator. Learning Disability Quarterly, 1, 1, 5-12, W 78. Available from: The Division for Children with Learning Disabilities Council for Exceptional Children 1920 Association Drive Reston, Virginia 22091 Identified and related to the educator are four central issues in the field of learning disability: (1) determining the true parameters of the field, (2) monitoring tests and materials presumed relevant to educational practice, (3) insuring appropriate instructional opportunities to learning disabled students, and (4) determining professional standards necessary for competent and ethical practice. (IM)…

Balgopal, Pallassana R.; McDaniel, Clyde O., Jr. (1978). Patterns of Black Leadership: Implications for Social Work Education. Journal of Education for Social Work, 14, 1, 87-93, W 78. The historical relationship between social structure and black leadership patterns is shown. It is suggested that since the current race relations policy is one of tolerance, social work education should prepare black leaders to operate within that social context. (Author/LBH)…

Corcoran, Sheila (1977). Should a Service Setting Be Used as a Learning Laboratory? An Ethical Question. Nursing Outlook, 25, 12, 771-6, Dec 77. To develop better guidelines for its use, the experiential service setting is examined ethically and the conditions under which this setting can and cannot be used as a learning laboratory are specified. (TA)…

Aberg, Miriam; And Others (1977). Males, Fathers and Husbands: Changing Roles and Reciprocal Legal Rights. Family Coordinator, 26, 4, 327-31, Oct 77. Discrimination toward men can be found in the legal definition of marriage, legal age requirements at marriage, support, child custody, unmarried fathers' rights, abortion, and cohabitation. With the increasing equality between the sexes, men will gain in their legal options of roles. (Author)…