Essner, John R. (1976). The Individual Plaintiff's Right to Interim Relief Under Title VII: No Rhyme Nor Reason, But No Relief?. Saint Louis University Law Journal, 20, 2, 346-65, 76. The enactment of Title VII erected a massive administrative system designed to investigate, prevent, and eliminate employment discrimination. However, the EEOC, even with increased enforcement powers, has been unable to handle its overwhelming caseload. A private right of action for interim relief is discussed. For journal availability see HE 508 844. (LBH)…

Krill, Andrea (1976). Seniority Layoffs: The Bitter Fruits of Victory. Akron Law Review, 10, 2, 283-326, F 76. Seniority layoff cases before the courts have results from the court's attempts to harmonize two equally important national policies: seniority protection and equal opportunity. Types of seniority are discussed in relation to Title VII and layoff problems. Available from: University of Akron, School of Law, Akron, Ohio 44325. (LBH)…

Sweeney, Thomas W.; Toledo, Alejandro (2003). Peru's Gentle Revolutionary. National Museum of the American Indian, v4 n2 p21-25 Sum. Alejandro Toledo, the first Native person to be elected president of Peru, talks about his Quechua roots; his proposed constitutional amendment to ensure equal rights for indigenous peoples; financial support for Native cultural preservation efforts; and his number one priority–to fight poverty through education, focusing on basic education, women's education, rural education, and bilingual education at all levels. (SV)…

Kayaian, Mary (2001). Media Specialist's Corner. Insights on Law & Society, v1 n3 p30-31 Spr. Presents a list of resources to assist school librarians, such as primary documents for students, an annotated bibliography of books, other Web sites, and lessons and online activities, that focus on the topics offered in this issue of \Insights on Law and Society.\ (CMK)…

Hollander, Patricia A. (1992). Student Records. New Directions for Student Services, n59 p49-59 Fall. Students clearly have a legal right to access to and privacy of their education records; but not so clear is public access to campus crime reports and AIDS-related records. Computerized records and the use of Social Security numbers as identifiers create other legal concerns. (Author)…

Faggen, Jane (1990). The Profession's Evolving Standards. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, v9 n4 p3-4 Win. The gap between professionally and legally acceptable practice in professional licensure tests is addressed. Pertinent activities of the American Psychological Association, American Educational Research Association, and the National Council for Measurement in Education are discussed. (TJH)…

Vandergrift, Kay E. (1991). Privacy, Schooling, and Minors. School Library Journal, v37 n1 p26-30 Jan. Arguing that public education is not structured to encourage or respect students' privacy, this article questions several pedagogical approaches; types of assignments (e.g., autobiographical writing); types of computer-assisted instruction and other applications of technology; reference interviewing techniques; and other practices of librarians (e.g., auditing use of online card catalogs). (SD)…

Lawton, Stephen B. (1990). Canadian Education: A National Agenda. Journal of Education Finance, v15 n4 p517-33 Spr. The struggle to hold together a nation founded by both the French and the English continues, although international competition demands of Canada a more productive economy and workforce. The result may be a more coherent educational system. This article focuses on two trends influencing education policy: minority language rights and student evaluation. Includes 23 references. (MLH)…

Kohl, Herbert (1994). On Forcing the Integration of Black Colleges. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n5 p92-93 Fall. Presents a dissenting view on the question of racial separation in higher education. It argues that the decision in Brown v. Board of Education was racist and that integration does not guarantee equality. The author states that all-black colleges are not inherently unequal and that separatism is a free and conscious choice in the context of equality. (GLR)…

Katyal, Neal Kumar (1995). Why Affirmative Action in Higher Education Is Safe in the Courts. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n9 p83-89 Aut. Discusses recent Supreme Court decisions that suggest policies of preferential admissions in higher education are safe, at least in the moderate form established in the Bakke case. The article examines the meaning of the Bakke case, reviews the benefits of diversity to higher education, and speculates about the survivability of the Bakke decision with today's Supreme Court. (GR)…

Madden, Phil (1993). The 1986 Act: Opportunities Missed. British Journal of Special Education, v20 n1 p13-15 Mar. This paper outlines the arrangements for assessing school leavers under Sections 5 and 6 of Great Britain's Disabled Persons Act, summarizes the results of research in Avon (England) following the lives of 50 people with severe learning difficulties just before and after they left school. Presents a model for individual and strategic planning to provide services for these individuals. (JDD)…

Neuborne, Burt (1995). Brown at Forty: Six Visions. Teachers College Record, v96 n4 p799-805 Sum. "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas" called the United States to a new level of moral consciousness. Current efforts to denigrate "Brown" as a failure overlook its effect as a social catalyst for movement toward equality. Six visions of "Brown" examine its contemporary meaning (triumph, aspiration, catalyst, failure, challenge, and promise). (SM)…

Okafor, Victor Oguejiofor (1994). The Functional Implications of Afrocentrism. Western Journal of Black Studies, v18 n4 p185-94 Win. Examines the present state of the African American community in the United States. Discusses both the symbolic and literal concept of "Back to Africa," arguing that the cultural vitality of Afrocentricity and the African diaspora will profit from symbolic Pan-African linkages, linkages that can rejuvenate the cultural life of the African diaspora. (GR)…

Barta, Thomas A.; Kuo, Ren-jieh (1991). A Three-Dimensional Hypertext Structure for Referencing a Housing Discrimination Library. Online Review, v15 n5 p315-22 Oct. Describes a method of organizing the hypertext software files in a database containing legal information on housing discrimination to prevent the user from becoming disoriented in the system. The expert system of which the database is a part is explained, and the disorientation problem is discussed. (six references) (LRW)…

Carter, Diana (1992). Former "Adams" States Take Cautious Attitude toward "Fordice" Decision. Black Issues in Higher Education, v9 n17 p16-19 Oct 22. The history of a federal court case in which 18 southern states were required to develop public college desegregation plans is chronicled. The status of those states is charted. Representatives of the states comment on the anticipated impact of the more recent United States v. Fordice decision on higher education initiatives. (MSE)…

Bean, Frank D.; Fix, Michael (1990). The Findings and Policy Implications of the GAO Report and the Urban Institute Hiring Audit. International Migration Review, v24 n4 p816-27 Win. Reviews the two major elements (an employer survey and a hiring audit) of the General Accounting Office (GAO) study of discrimination related to implementation of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). Notes some of the criticisms lodged against each element, and discusses policy implications of the report. (AF)…

Briggs, Vernon M., Jr. (1990). Comments on "The Findings and Policy Implications of the GAO Report and the Urban Institute Hiring Audit" by Michael Fix. International Migration Review, v24 n4 p828-30 Win. Responds to the article by Fix and Bean in this issue on the General Accounting Office (GAO) report on discrimination related to provisions of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). Questions interpretation of the GAO report and an Urban Institute-sponsored study. Endorses IRCA and recommends stronger employer sanctions. (AF)…

McGuinness, Katherine (1993). Redesigning Your Campus for Disabled Students. Planning for Higher Education, v22 n1 p23-27 Fall. The implications for colleges of the Americans with Disabilities Act, which prohibits discrimination against individuals with physical disabilities, are examined. The scope of the law, sections of special relevance to higher education institutions, and appropriate responses are discussed. A plan for policy formation and administrative action is outlined. (MSE)…

Johnstone, D. Bruce (1992). The University, Democracy, and the Challenge to Meritocracy. Interchange, v23 n1-2 p19-23. Universities can undergird democracy by promoting and defending truth, guarding against despotism, and providing opportunity. To avoid perpetuating the effects of ascription, truly democratic universities must select among students and distribute benefits in ways that are meritocratic but weaken the transmission of status and wealth into which people are born. (SM)…

Cutright, Melitta J. (1991). Sex Stereotyping Hurts All Kids. PTA Today, v16 n5 p13-15 Mar. Sex stereotyping (raising boys and girls to be different because of their sex) begins at birth. The article reviews studies detailing sex stereotyping practices and offers suggestions on what parents can do to avoid them. A list of suggestions for raising children in a nonsexist way is included. (SM)…

Flechsenhar, Ullrich H.; Poloni, Cesare (1990). Finding the Answers: A Look at Central and Eastern Europe. [and] Setting Up Special Services: The Trade Union Approach. Labour Education, n78 p1-13. Poloni reviews implications for unions of recent economic, social, technological, and political changes in Central and Eastern Europe. Flechsenhar states that unions play a role in the development and restructuring of developing countries by providing special services to meet the economic and social needs of their members. (SK)…

Moran, Mary (1999). Standards and Assessments: The New Measure of Adequacy in School Finance Litigation. Journal of Education Finance, v25 n1 p33-80 Sum. Since the U.S. Supreme Court's 1972 landmark "Rodriguez" decision (constitutionally challenging Texas's school-finance system), courts have increasingly used student assessments as evidence of educational adequacy and focused more on educational quality than fiscal equity. Despite pitched battles, a consensus of adequacy and quality may be emerging. Contains 82 footnotes. (MLH)…

Mondak, Phyllis (2000). The Americans with Disabilities Act and Information Technology Access. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, v15 n1 p43-51 Spr. This article reviews legal requirements concerning reasonable accommodation, especially the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and describes various ways in which assistive technology can be used as a reasonable accommodation in employment settings. It offers a case study from the Microsoft corporation and discusses guidelines for the design, implementation, and evaluation of reasonable accommodations. (Contains references.) (Author/DB)…

Richardson, Troy; Villenas, Sofia (2000). "Other" Encounters: Dances with Whiteness in Multicultural Education. Educational Theory, v50 n2 p255-73 Spr. Reviews four books in order to examine the contradictory and ambivalent spaces occupied and co-occupied with multicultural education, locating multicultural education within the Eurocentric regimes of truth (democracy, pluralism, and equality) and addressing how the books rectify or contest the regimes of truth moving within and against the parameters of the white studies configuration of higher education. (SM)…

Fossey, Richard (1998). Expanding Legal Rights for Education Employees–Is the Institutional Mission Being Threatened?. Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education, v11 n3 p209-14 Feb. This introduction to the theme issue first discusses the expanding legal rights of educational employees, and then examines whether this development hinders educational missions by making it too difficult to discipline or dismiss unsatisfactory employees. Finally, the five articles in this issue are reviewed in relation to this question. (SLD)…

Bobo, Mackie; Durodoye, Beth; Hildreth, Bertina L. (1998). Changing Patterns in Career Choices among African-American, Hispanic, and Anglo Children. Professional School Counseling, v1 n4 p37-42 Apr. Investigates children's vocational aspirations are investigated across ethnic groups (N=1,611). The influence of socioeconomic status and political trends. Top career choices of boys and girls are examined by grade (1-6) and ethnicity (Anglo, African American, Hispanic). Recommendations for broadening career knowledge are made for primary and intermediate grades. (EMK)…

McMiller, Darryl L. (2000). Public Opinion and School Desegregation in Hartford, Connecticut. Equity & Excellence in Education, v33 n2 p68-80 Sep. Analyzes public opinion toward school desegregation in Hartford, Connecticut, using data from the University of Connecticut's Institute for Social Justice Inquiry. The public has a poor understanding of the educational value of integration. Desegregation will fail unless: whites believe it is within their best interest to pursue it, lawmakers pass appropriate legislation, or the court issues a mandatory desegregation order. (SM)…

Barton, Keith C. (2005). "Best Not to Forget Them": Secondary Students' Judgments of Historical Significance in Northern Ireland. Theory and Research in Social Education, v33 n1 p9-44 Win. This study investigated Catholic and Protestant students' ideas about historical significance in Northern Ireland. The research was conducted in two secondary schools in a medium-sized rural town, and data were derived from a ranking task and semi-structured interview with 40 students, aged 12-17, equally divided between the two communities. Students of both backgrounds emphasized the importance of community conflict and remembrance; in addition, Catholics emphasized fairness and equal rights, while Protestants focused on the political origin and status of Northern Ireland. These findings differ substantially from previous research in the U.S., and students' responses point to the role that societal context plays in their developing frameworks of historical understanding. Northern Ireland students' perspectives, however, were not simple reflections of either Unionist or Nationalist viewpoints; instead, students often drew from vernacular traditions to construct criteria of… [Direct]

Reagan, Timothy (2004). Objectification, Positivism and Language Studies: A Reconsideration. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, v1 n1 p41-60. Linguists and language specialists, as well as the lay public, have generally viewed language from a perspective that is fundamentally positivist in orientation. We tend to assume that language as an abstract entity exists as just such a knowable entity. More problematically, we assume that particular languages also exist as knowable entities which can be described and analyzed. Such assumptions are embedded in our discourse, and in turn have important implications for applied language studies. We commonly make claims about English, Spanish, etc., just as we make claims about the nature of human language more generally. When we engage in teaching languages, our goal is to move the student's linguistic behavior in the second language closer to the norms of the singular reality of that target language. What we do is to engage in the objectification of the construct of \language,\ which then leads us to misunderstand the nature of language and to accept technicist views of the teaching… [Direct]

Pritchard, Megan (2005). Can There Be Such a Thing as a "Wrongful Birth"?. Disability & Society, v20 n1 p81-93 Jan. With the growing application of modern genetic technology to everyday healthcare provision, concern over its moral defence is increasing. This paper discusses pre-natal genetic testing, currently the healthcare situation in which the technology is most frequently applied. In doing this it addresses the justification for the resulting marked increase in legal cases compensating those thought to have suffered a wrongful birth, as well as the fears surrounding these developments that, to some, resonate of the dangerous mind-set of the 19th and early 20th century, which led to the atrocities defended under the name "eugenics". The discussion is presented in terms of Beauchamp and Childress' (1994) ethical principles for healthcare: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. The conclusion emphasises the role of context, both societal and individual in shaping the outcome of the difficult decisions involved in undertaking pre-natal genetic testing…. [Direct]