Satcher, Jamie (1994). Employment, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and Youth with Learning Disabilities. Intervention in School and Clinic, v29 n4 p208-11 Mar. This article reviews employment provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and concludes that, to take advantage of the law's provisions, youth with learning disabilities who are making the transition from school to employment need to be prepared in the areas of self-knowledge, knowledge of specific jobs, and self-advocacy. (DB)…

Butler, Grace L. (1994). Legal and Policy Issues in Higher Education. Journal of Negro Education, v63 n3 p451-59 Sum. Reviews the legal and policy issues, as well as sociohistorical developments, in higher education since Brown v Board of Education. The author's conclusions focus on the need to increase the nations' commitment toward strengthening historically black institutions of higher education and maintaining their continuing vitality as a source for developing a corps of African American leaders. (GR)…

Contreras, Reynaldo A.; Valverde, Leonard A. (1994). The Impact of Brown on the Education of Latinos. Journal of Negro Education, v63 n3 p470-81 Sum. Describes the progress made to improve the educational experience of Latinos incident to Brown v Board of Education as well as the legal history of Latino desegregation. It focuses on bilingual education as a remedy for educational inequity and on the rise of multicultural education, the latest instructional approach to emerge in the evolution of desegregation. (GR)…

Bogin, Joshua P. (1995). Of Promises and Visions: Brown as a Gift to American Democracy. Teachers College Record, v96 n4 p782-98 Sum. The paper recapitulates the flow of a 2-day conference on the 40 years since "Brown v. Board of Education," focusing on 2 general-session presentations that examined "Brown" as promise and discussed visions for the future. "Brown" is viewed as a benchmark of American democracy and an opportunity for redemption. (SM)…

Kluka, Darlene A. (1992). Women, Sport and Leadership: Paths through the Olympic Movement. ICHPER Journal, v28 n3 p4-8 Spr. The article discusses women's roles in the Olympics as participants or leaders, noting the International Olympic Committee's efforts to consider women in sport leadership positions over the years. It presents frames of reference and implementation strategies to consider in meeting goals of equal opportunity for women throughout the Olympic movement. (SM)…

Hawkins, B. Denise (1992). Chancellor Charges Supreme Court Rulings "Stunted Academic Growth" of Black Youth. Black Issues in Higher Education, v9 n17 p14-15 Oct 22. Dr. Lloyd Hackley argues that first Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, then United States v. Fordice nearly 40 years later, robbed millions of African-American children and young adults of quality education. He charges that the focus of legislation has been to integrate school buildings not society. (Author/MSE)…

Briggs, Vernon M., Jr. (1990). Employer Sanctions and the Question of Discrimination: The GAO Study in Perspective. International Migration Review, v24 n4 p803-15 Win. Examines the study by the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) on the implementation of the employer sanctions requirement of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). Discusses citizenship discrimination and other possible discriminatory influences. Applauds the study's contribution while urging attention to omitted issues such as proimmigration discrimination. (AF)…

Meers, Gary D. (1992). Getting Ready for the Next Century: Vocational Preparation of Students with Disabilities. Teaching Exceptional Children, v24 n4 p36-39 Sum. This article examines vocational programing for students with disabilities in the context of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Trends are identified in transition, technology and worksite modification, and employment of people with disabilities. The new law's requirements concerning employment, public accommodations, transportation, state and local government, and telecommunications are summarized. (DB)…

Schimmel, David (1991). The First Amendment and the Rehnquist Court: Protecting Majority Values or Limiting Individual Liberty?. Social Education, v55 n6 p380-83 Oct. Examines recent Supreme Court opinions to illustrate how the justices are reinterpreting the First Amendment. Discusses student freedom of expression, freedom of religion, the free exercise clause, and the establishment clause. Concludes that a perceived trend in court decisions to limit freedom of religion and expression requires teachers to help students understand constitutional questions. (DK)…

Craig, Susan E.; Haggart, Ann G. (1994). Including All Children: The ADA's Challenge to Early Intervention. Infants and Young Children, v7 n2 p15-19 Oct. Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that, in most cases, nursery schools, center-based child care facilities, and home care providers be accessible to children with disabilities. Collaborative teams of child care and early intervention providers are suggested as an essential part of the early childhood education and care delivery system. (Author/DB)…

Essex-Sorlie, Diane (1994). The Americans with Disabilities Act: I. History, Summary, and Key Components. Academic Medicine, v69 n7 p519-24 Jul. This report focuses on definitions and explanations of key components of the Americans with Disabilities Act especially as they relate to compliance by medical schools. After a summary of the act and its development, explanations of the following concepts are given: "disability,""qualified individual with a disability," and "reasonable accommodation." (DB)…

Hall, David (1990). Contradictions, Illusions, Ironies and Inverted Realities: The Historical Relevance of the "Richmond V. Croson" Case. Urban League Review, v14 n1 p9-16 Sum. Explores the implications of "City of Richmond v. Croson," the Supreme Court decision that found set-aside programs for minority businesses unconstitutional. Surveys the major Supreme Court racial discrimination rulings from "Dred Scott" to the present and finds them symptomatic of societal insensitivity to racial injustice and economic inequality. (AF)…

Daniels, George; Webber, Brenda L. (1991). South African History At-a-Glance–Dates and Events to Remember. Crisis, v98 n1 p8-9 Jan. Forty-nine dates and events of significance in the history of South Africa are presented with a brief summary of each event. The chronology begins with the late Stone Age and extends through the political developments of 1990 that signal the decline of racial segregation in South Africa. (SLD)…

Gross, Andrew B.; Massey, Douglas S. (1991). Explaining Trends in Racial Segregation, 1970-1980. Urban Affairs Quarterly, v27 n1 p13-35 Sep. White racial attitudes have shifted from a universal rejection of Black neighbors to acceptance of open housing in principle but not in practice. Declines in racial segregation between 1970 and 1980 were confined to urban areas with relatively few Blacks, and desegregation was accommodated without threatening White preferences for limited interracial contacts. (SLD)…

Nkabinde, Zandile P. (1993). The Role of Special Education in a Changing South Africa. Journal of Special Education, v27 n1 p107-14 Spr. This paper begins with historical remarks about general education in South Africa and then discusses the relevance and applicability of special education services for African Americans there. It outlines the need for equal special educational opportunities and implications for addressing inequality in education. (Author/JDD)…

Morris, Aldon (1991). Introduction: Education for Liberation. Social Policy, v21 n3 p2-6 Win. Traces the birth, development, and achievements of the Highlander Folk School and the role played by its main founder, Myles Norton. The school was active in challenging worker and racial oppression through educating the poor and working class, playing a critical role in the labor movement of the 1930s. (CJS)…

Thornburgh, Richard (1991). The Americans with Disabilities Act: What It Means to ALL Americans. Journal of Intergroup Relations, v17 n4 p35-41 Win 1990-91. Discusses how the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) provides the disabled greater physical access to buildings, buses, and communications, as well as greater access to the job market. Emphasizes the advantages of hiring disabled workers because of their determination to overcome their handicaps, and suggests that their inclusion in the job market will benefit all Americans. (CJS)…

Kazemek, Francis E. (1990). Human Progress Never Rolls in on Wheels of Inevitability: Biographies of Martin Luther King, Jr., in the Classroom. Social Studies, v81 n2 p65-69 Mar-Apr. Presents resources for teaching about Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Outlines criteria for selecting biographies for children and young adults. Identifies problems in certain biographies of King, and recommends high quality biographies of King. Discusses exercises for integrating themes from King's life into the classroom. (RW)…

Ahuja, S. C. (1990). Rehabilitation of Visually Handicapped Indians: The Problem and the Numbers. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, v84 n6 p270-73 Jun. Though the Constitution of India guarantees the right to be educated and to work, only a minority of visually handicapped/blind citizens attain these rights. A new education policy includes integration of blind children at every educational level, followed by vocational training and job placement. Problems, possible solutions, and progress are discussed. (Author/JDD)…

Carnes, Jim, Ed. (1994). Teaching Tools. Teaching Tolerance, v3 n1 p34-41 Spr. The author lists 40 resources intended for use by either elementary or secondary school students and teachers that examine cultural diversity and how different cultures have impacted American history. Books and videotapes examine the importance of cultural diversity, present curricula promoting multiculturalism, and explore the problems of ethnic stereotyping. (GLR)…

Halstead, Scott M. (1995). Political Correctness and Its Challenge to Student Affairs. NASPA Journal, v32 n4 p302-10 Sum. Addresses speech codes, admissions policies, and curriculum reform as areas of great debate and complication as they relate to political correctness (PC). Although its main goal has been to increase diversity awareness on campus, the author posits PC has taken a superficial approach to complex debates. (JBJ)…

Lantz, Patricia J.; Sullivan, Kathleen A.; Zirkel, Perry A. (2000). Leveling the Playing Field or Leveling the Players? Section 504, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and Interscholastic Sports. Journal of Special Education, v33 n4 p258-67 Win. This article provides a systematic synthesis of the agency and court rulings that apply Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act to interscholastic athletics. The resulting framework also offers insight into how these federal statutes may pertain to participation of students with disabilities in other extracurricular activities. (Contains references.) (Author/DB)…

Clegg, Roger (2000). The Bad Law of "Disparate Impact.". Public Interest, n138 p79-90 Win. Describes the disparate impact theory of discrimination, noting how its effect was recently on display in two high profile cases. Discusses the recent explosion of disparate impact lawsuits related to employment and education; examines why the disparate impact approach survives and thrives; explains the intent of disparate impact theory; and describes the unintended effect of disparate impact. (SM)…

Flores, Susana Y.; Murillo, Enrique G., Jr. (2001). Power, Language, and Ideology: Historical and Contemporary Notes on the Dismantling of Bilingual Education. Urban Review, v33 n3 p183-206 Sep. Situates the politics of language surrounding the passage of California's Proposition 227, discussing historical and contemporary conditions leading to the recent dismantling of bilingual education. Reviews the dynamics of power, language, and ideology from precolonial times until the present, and uses them to suggest that the hegemonic bond of language is a continual thread that carries over to the new millennium. (SM)…

Powers, Thomas F. (2001). The Transformation of Liberalism, 1964 to 2001. Public Interest, n145 p59-81 Fall. Discusses the conflict between anti-discrimination and important elements of the liberal tradition in the United States, focusing on: the limits of liberalism, the anti-discrimination revolution, the anti-discrimination regime, putting morality and politics back together, the moral revolution, the new pluralism, misinterpreting anti-discrimination, and the United States' identity crisis. (SM)…

Carrim, Nazir; Keet, Andre (2005). Infusing Human Rights into the Curriculum: The Case of the South African Revised National Curriculum Statement. Perspectives in Education, v23 n2 p99-110 Jun. This article reflects on experiences of attempting to infuse human rights in the South African Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS). Using our experiences as members of Human Rights and Inclusivity Group (HRIWG), one of the curriculum development structures set up for the RNCS, and focusing particularly on the Learning Area of Mathematics, we argue that human rights in the curriculum amount to a "minimum infusion" in the RNCS. We explain what we mean by "minimum infusion" and its links with the Bernsteinian concept of "integration", as well as what "minimum and maximum infusion" mean in relation to human rights (in) education. We argue that the "minimum infusion" of human rights in the RNCS is influenced by three critical factors: difficulties in redefining disciplinary boundaries; assessing human rights knowledge, skills, values and attitudes; and, fundamental contradictions related to developing a culture based on human… [Direct]

Douglas, Lawrence; George, Alexander (2005). AcaDemocrats. Equal Rights, Tolerance, Justice–When Will Today's Professoriate Abandon This Radical Agenda?. Academe, v91 n5 p17-18 Sep-Oct. A national survey cited in the "New York Times" last November reveals that "Democratic professors outnumber Republicans by at least seven to one in the humanities and social sciences." These numbers, astonishing as they may seem, simply confirm what many in the academy have long known: that the ivory tower is tinged blue. With thirty years of experience between teaching at one of the nation's most elite institutions, they have long deplored the dominance of the liberal arts in higher education. This ideological bias has left institutions of higher education grossly out of touch with mainstream American values. This article briefly discusses the imbalance of Democratic and Republican professors in the University systems…. [Direct]

Eckes, Suzanne; McCarthy, Martha (2004). "Lawrence v. Texas": Does This Mean Increased Privacy Rights for Gay and Lesbian Teachers?. Journal of Women in Educational Leadership, v2 n2 p73-86 Apr. This article addresses the Supreme Court's 2003 decision in "Lawrence v. Texas" and its implications for the rights of gay and lesbian public school teachers. The authors provide a context by reviewing the teacher role-model theory, traditional standards used in dismissals for immoral conduct, and pre-"Lawrence" cases regarding public employees' privacy rights. Then they analyze "Lawrence v. Texas", which struck down a Texas law imposing criminal penalties for persons of the same sex engaging in certain sexual conduct. The final section explores implications of the expanded liberty right announced in "Lawrence" for public school teachers and their lifestyle choices. (Contains 2 notes.)… [Direct]

Montgomerie, Craig; Zaparyniuk, Nicholas (2005). The Status of Web Accessibility of Canadian Universities and Colleges: A Charter of Rights and Freedoms Issue. International Journal on E-Learning, v4 n2 p253-268. The fundamental ideal that access to education and information as one of our basic human rights must not be neglected in the electronic information age. This ideal however is not being met in the area of postsecondary Web accessibility. This study surveyed 350 postsecondary institutions in Canada to evaluate their level of Web accessibility in November 2001, and again in November 2002. Using the Centre for Applied Special Technologies accessibility tool, Bobby[TM], we found that 14.9% of postsecondary institutions surveyed were free of priority 1 errors in 2001 and 19.9% in 2002, and only 1.7% in 2001 and 5.5% in 2002 were free of both priority 1 and priority 2 errors. The specifics of these errors however, reveal that once the issues for those with disabilities and the Web are recognized, they can be easily addressed. (Contains 2 figures, 2 notes and 4 tables.)… [Direct]

Terzi, Lorella (2005). A Capability Perspective on Impairment, Disability and Special Needs: Towards Social Justice in Education. Theory and Research in Education, v3 n2 p197-223. This article presents elements of a capability perspective on impairment and disability and develops in connection with it a multidimensional and relational account of disability. It suggests how a capability perspective provides new and fundamental insights into the conceptualization of impairment and disability, and in doing this, resolves the tension between natural and social causal factors evident in current discussions of disability and education. It argues that the capability approach is innovative with respect to the centrality of human diversity in assessing equality, and that the specific understanding of human diversity proposed, the democratic decisional process promoted and the normative account of disability those entail, all have the potential to take educational theory and inclusive education policies in fruitful directions. (Contains 6 notes.)… [Direct]