(1981). The Condition of Public Elementary and Secondary Education in Connecticut. Fiscal Year 1979-80. Volume 1–The Annual Report of Programs and Evaluations of Connecticut State Board of Education. Program activities of the Connecticut State Board and State Department of Education for fiscal year 1979-80 are summarized in this report, with additional program data for the two preceding fiscal years. Introductory sections highlight the state's comprehensive educational goals and planning, its efforts to equalize statewide school expenditures, and its restructuring of the state department of education. The next section describes the activities of the Office of the Commissioner of Education affecting affirmative action, state board relations, legislative and public relations, and policy and planning. Then, for the 41 units or programs in 13 bureaus grouped under five divisions, the report discusses the need for each program; its goals, objectives, and activities; performance indicators related to its objectives; a summary evaluation of its impact; and a financial report of its personnel and grant expenditures. The five divisions comprise administrative services, instructional… [PDF]

Miller, Robert; And Others (1977). Institutional Characteristics Affecting Minority Admissions and Enrollment Levels at State Universities in Ohio, 1973-1976. The factors affecting the admission and enrollment of minority students at the 12 state universities in Ohio were studied through campus visits, questionnaire administration, and correlation and multiple regression analysis of the findings. Summaries are presented on minority recruitment and retention efforts at each university for the following offices: admissions, financial aid, affirmative action, minority affairs, student affairs, academic affairs, social and cultural activities, black/ethnic studies, and black/ethnic cultural centers. Predictor variables that were isolated for analysis were: cost, federal financial aid, distance from a cultural center, strength of black studies programs and black cultural centers, and strength of minority and special service programs. Figures were obtained for full-time, main-campus, entering undergraduate freshmen for each fall session from 1973 to 1976. The statistical analysis suggests that the major factors affecting minority student… [PDF]

Crowley, John C. (1978). The Universities and Federal Regulation. The impact of increasing federal regulation on American universities is discussed based on an informal survey of senior academic and administrative officials in 13 public and private universities. As government regulation is becoming more intensive and compliance more resource- and time-consuming, government is perceived as having little appreciation for the power and value of academic freedom. With stipulated administrative procedures and required bureaucracy have come pressures toward centralized institutional decision making and away from the traditional decentralized collegial style. The need to recognize the differences between universities and other types of institutions is emphasized. The most serious challenges to institutional freedom are imposed by the implementation of federal affirmative action and costing policies administered by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The heart of the debate over regulation and autonomy is the concern to protect traditional…

Mehallis, Mantha Vlahos (1978). Broward County Employers' Training Needs Assessment. An assessment of the training needs of Broward County, Florida, employers was conducted: (1) to determine the existing training needs of large businesses, industrial firms, and local units of government; (2) to determine which educational agencies in the county could fulfill these needs; and (3) to inform the companies of the results in order to begin planning for needed programs. From the 830 employers who had 50 or more employees, a stratified random sample of 400 employers responded to questionnaire interviews. Variables studied included: geographical area, company type (occupational category), employee qualities, types of positions or job categories (current numbers employed in each and one-, two-, and five-year projections), recruitment, current training, identified training needs, incentives, interest in training programs, employment of handicapped, and affirmative action plans. Findings indicated numerous training needs, primarily in the medical and industrial fields. Many of… [PDF]

(1979). Administrative Plans. STIP II (Skill Training Improvement Programs Round II). Personnel policies, job responsibilities, and accounting procedures are summarized for the Los Angeles Community College District's Skill Training Improvement Programs (STIP II). This report first cites references to the established personnel and affirmative action procedures governing the program and then presents an organizational chart for the District showing the position of the STIP II programs. Job descriptions are then provided for three members of the Administrative Office staff: the Director of Instructional Services, the Coordinator of Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) Programs, and the STIP II accountant. Next, organizational charts and job descriptions are presented for each of the STIP II components: (1) the computer programming component offered by Los Angeles Southwest College; (2) the programs in welding, electronics, machine shop occupations, and automatic vending machine maintenance offered at Los Angeles Trade-Technical College; and (3 and 4) the…

Stevenson, John B. (1973). An Introduction to Career Education. Offering an overview of the development of the career education concept, its philosophy, and its implementation in existing programs, the document traces the history of career education movements, defines the term \career education,\ and provides a basis for an understanding of the comprehensive nature and scope of career education. It discusses a variety of career education models, career development opportunities in terms of crisis and developmental solutions, and the integration of career development programs into existing systems. A comprehensive career education model within the framework of total services delivery and guidelines for its implementation are presented. A unit on coordinating guidance and counseling activities provides examples of various approaches and systems. Over 100 pages of appendixes offer: (1) excerpts from affirmative action legislation; (2) the Sheboygan, Oregon, and Iowa models; (3) Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) occupational categories and…

(1974). New Horizons in Cooperative Education: Project Report. This document presents a comprehensive overview of cooperative education programs in the San Mateo Community College District. There are three plans which provide regular work experience related to college studies and career goals. The Alternative Semester pattern allows two students to hold one full-time position by exchanging work and study schedules every semester. The Parallel Plan is coordinated to allow a student to work part-time and study part-time. In the Extended Day or Evening College New Careers pattern, special arrangements are made for college studies related to full-time employment. The employers cooperate in work assignments and supervision. Learning retention, academic success, career and affirmative action opportunities, and alternative education possibilities for the nontraditional college student have all improved. Two high priority problems have become apparent–the lack of program orientation to include liberal arts transfer students in cooperative education,… [PDF]

(1999). Workplace Diversity Issues. This document contains three symposium papers on workplace diversity issues. "Expanding Theories of Career Development: Adding the Voices of African American Women in the White Academy" (Mary V. Alfred) questions the validity of existing career development models for women and minority groups and examines the professional development of five tenured African American women at predominantly white research universities in a study based on a life history approach. "The Relationship between Selected Variables on Diversity and the Implementation of Diversity as Successful Corporate Culture Change Programs" (Clarence E. Whittenburg, Dennis G. Tesolowski, Melissa H. Marcus, Clinton H. Isbell) reports the results of a study that support the theory that work force diversity initiatives closely aligned with affirmative action initiatives are more likely to result in backlash than those aligned with managing diversity as a business necessity. "Diversity…

Wentling, Rose Mary (2001). Diversity in the Work Force. The Highlight Zone: Research @ Work No. 4. A literature review was conducted to identify critical work force diversity issues in today's changing workplace and identify ways organizations and career and technical education (CTE) practitioners can increase work force diversity. A broad, all-inclusive definition of diversity was developed that focuses on how diversity affects individuals and organizations and emphasizes communicating a concept of diversity as more than race, gender, affirmative action, and equal employment opportunity. Diversity management strategies belonging to the following six categories were discussed: needs assessment; organizational commitment; business strategy; systems and procedures that support diversity; integration and implementation; and assessment and refinement. The following were among the recommendations offered to CTE practitioners concerned with increasing and managing diversity in the work force: (1) realize that having the ability to work as a team member is a marketable skill and that… [PDF]

Kezar, Adrianna J. (1999). Higher Education Trends (1997-1999): Legal Issues. ERIC-HE Trends. Historically, legal issues have not been well represented in the higher education research literature. Two sources, however, regularly discuss legal issues: the Journal of College and University Law and the Chronicle of Higher Education. Three main themes emerge in the literature on legal issues: (1) rethinking and refining of traditional policies; (2) the rise in campus issues; and (3) technology. The little research in the higher education journals or at conferences that relates to issues of academic freedom, faculty collective bargaining, and tenure tends to define these issues philosophically rather than from a legal perspective. Literature on copyrights, patents, and research involving human subjects is minimal. New literature, mostly opinion pieces, continues to be written about ambiguous issues that emerge in cases involving affirmative action, sexual harassment, discipline, due process, discrimination, and athletics, but research is needed on the erosion of immunities and… [PDF]

Glazer-Raymo, Judith (1999). Shattering the Myths: Women in Academe. Although significant advances have been made since 1970 to increase women's participation in higher education, women's equality is a myth, especially among academic leaders such as senior faculty, department chairs, deans, and administrators. Data show that academic women suffer disparities with respect to men by almost every indicator of professional status, including rank, salary, tenure, job satisfaction, and working conditions. Factors contributing to this continuing inequality include challenges to affirmative action, the corporatization of the university, and the increase in the number of non-tenure track positions. In addition, cultural, attitudinal, and structural constraints continue to inhibit women's progress. Change is needed in policy, attitude, and organizational culture and that women must take a political role in the struggle for their own success. Individual chapters have the following titles: "The Personal and the Professional: Becoming a Feminist";…

Howard, Darlinetta; Walters, Judy (1990). Accomplishments in Faculty and Staff Development, 1988-1990. In spring 1989, the California Legislature provided $5 million for faculty and staff development at California Community Colleges during the 1988-89 fiscal year. Another $5 million was allocated in July 1989 for 1989-90. These funds, allocated under Assembly Bill (AB) 1725, were provided for each campus to establish an advisory committee composed of faculty, classified employees, and administrators; to conduct a staff development needs assessment; to develop a plan to meet those needs; and to implement the planned activities. In April 1990, the Chancellor's Office requested that each college provide information on any faculty and staff development activities, explaining whether such activities were financed through AB 1725 or with District funds, and providing statistics on the number of people participating in each development activity. The colleges were asked to provide information on: (1) any outstanding activity financed with AB 1725 funds; (2) any activity relating to…

Ramirez, Manuel, III (1995). Historical Development of the Concept of the Multicultural Personality: A Mixed Ethnic Heritage Perspective. The Mestizo (mixed ethnic heritage) Civil Rights Movement in the United States can be divided into five phases: Pre-Civil Rights, Civil Rights, Bilingual-Multicultural Education, Political Conservatism, and the current period, an Assault on Civil Rights. The paper describes how a personal research career has been influenced by the different stages of the Movement, and work on the concept of the multicultural personality has closely reflected its various phases. The Movement not only provided multicultural models such as Cesar Chavez, Malcolm X, Dolores Huerta, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Rosa Parks, it also provided a liberating force from racist, sexist, and cultural and genetic superiority paradigms of the social sciences. A personal account of the development of the concept of the multicultural personality is given, and a description of the instruments which were designed to assess multicultural personality processes is also provided. The anti-affirmative action trend of today's… [PDF]

Johnson, Beth Hillman; Lowe, Ida B. (1991). Collective Bargaining in Higher Education and the Professions. Bibliography No. 19. This bibliography, part of an annual accounting of the state-of-the-art in collective bargaining in higher education and the professions, lists research and writings published in 1990. The bibliography is divided into five parts. Part I is devoted to those publications concerned with college and university faculty; subjects include (among others) affirmative action, AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency devoted to those publications involving faculty and include the governance, merit pay, quality of worklife, retirement, salaries, tenure and promotion, and sexual harassment. Part II deals with financial assistance that is part of the package, the procedures governance, merit pay, and sexual harassment. Part II deals with professions and professionals and includes publications covering the health care, sports, and nursing professions. A total of 846 items are listed in Parts I and II. Part III provides lists of number are provided. An alphabetical index to financial aid programs is… [PDF]

Shearer, Sharon; Suskie, Linda Michaels (1983). Using Regression Analysis to Determine Inequities in Faculty Salaries. AIR 1983 Annual Forum Paper. Linear regression models that predict faculty salaries from professional and affirmative action variables were developed to validate promotion and merit criteria, set a starting salary scale, and identify possible systematic and individual salary inequities. All 377 full-time teaching faculty and librarians (309 men and 68 women) employed by a public four-year college in fall 1981 were investigated. Four stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed. Rank, age, year of appointment, department chair status, librarian status, and sex all affected salary significantly; while tenure, race, and citizenship did not. Contrary to hypothesis, removing rank and tenure from the model did not unmask a sex effect. The uses of regression models in studying faculty salaries are discussed, as are the following five weaknesses: (1) the validity of the model is affected by the choice of variables, (2) variables of interest may be difficult to operationalize, (3) regression analysis assumes all… [PDF]

Johnson, Sammye (1985). Attitudes, Values and Background of High School Journalists Compared with the Media Elite. To compare attitudes, values, and background of high school journalists with those of the media elite (journalists already working in the media), a survey was administered to 132 public and private high school students attending the Trinity University Journalism Institute during June 5-9, 1983. These students were the editors of their newspapers, yearbooks, and literary magazines. Students' personal backgrounds, such as fathers' educational and occupational status, metropolitan environment, and solid middle or upple middle class homes, were similar to those of adult journalists surveyed. Students either matched or exceeded the privileged levels reported by the media elite. On half of the social and political issues included–which featured questions about abortion, income limits, affirmative action, homosexual rights, and environmental protection–students scored about the same as the adult media elite. However, students are much more religious than the media elite. It appears that…

Johnson, Virginia G., Ed.; Schlessinger, Rashelle, Ed. (1984). A University Handbook on Disabilities. Accommodations that can aid in the learning process for disabled students at Clarion University of Pennsylvania are outlined in this handbook funded by the college's Affirmative Action Committee. Objectives of the guide are: to define and describe the major disabilities (hearing impairment, learning disability, mobility impairment, speech impairment, and visual impairment); to identify the major problems that disabled students encounter during the academic semester; to outline disabled student responsibilities for making teachers aware of problems that their disability will cause for them in the class; and to suggest changes that may be made by faculty to accommodate the special needs of disabled students. For each disability, accommodations for the classroom and for testing are suggested. Guidelines for faculty and for disabled students are also included for each type of disability. In addition, a bibliography of sources that contain information about disabilities and dealing with…

Calvin, Allen (1984). Age Discrimination on Campus. AAHE Bulletin, v37 n3 Nov. Issues of mandatory retirement for faculty are discussed. In 1978, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act was amended to raise the age of forced retirement to 70, but tenured college professors were exempted from the protections of the amendment. Arguments raised by advocates of forced retirement for tenured college professors include: the decline in the number of 18- to 21-year-olds will adversely affect college enrollments; older faculty are less productive than younger faculty; and administrators will be unable to implement affirmative action programs for minorities and women unless older faculty are forced to retire. The Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association-College Retirement Equities Fund (TIAA-CREF) recently surveyed retired annuitants. It was found that 85 percent of participating colleges and universities ignored the exemption, and only 21 percent of annuitants had been forced to retire because they had reached the mandatory retirement age. TIAA-CREF found that male…

Erickson, Richard C.; Hubbs, Marguerite (1983). Survey of Entry-Level Skills Training by Selected Missouri Manufacturers. Final Report. Missouri manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment and related products were surveyed to identify entry-level skills training decision factors and the extent of entry-level skills training by the manufacturers. Two instruments were constructed for use in the study. The Training Decision Inventory was used to assess the influence of specified issues on manufacturers' decisions to offer training; the Survey of Entry-Level Skills Training was used to ascertain the nature and extent of entry-level skills training. Results indicated that issues related to employee motivation/affirmative action, technology/productivity, and education preparation affected manufacturers' decisions to offer entry-level skills training. Cost benefit, expenditures for training, and labor market issues had equivalent influence on the decision-making process with respect to whether or not firms offer training. Data on the nature and extent of existing skills training were inadequate in number to allow…

Washington, Earl M. (1986). Western Michigan University's Black College Program, Swelling the Black Faculty Cohort. The shortage of black faculty at predominantly white institutions is discussed, along with the efforts of Western Michigan University to increase the number of black faculty. Reasons cited for the shortage of black faculty (about 4% of U.S. faculty in 1980 were black) include institutional racism, failure of affirmative action policies, low numbers of black Ph.Ds, declining emphasis on recruiting and retaining minority graduate students, and a discouraging job outlook for new doctorate holders. A decreasing black faculty presence means fewer role models for black graudate students, who may find white colleges inhospitable. Western Michigan University has created The Black College Program to promote the professional development of faculty from historically black institutions. Junior faculty from black schools can enroll in graduate programs to attain advanced degrees or specialized training. Fellowships and assistantships are available, and reciprocal financial support from the home…

(1986). Five-Year Master Rolling Plan 1986-1991. The Connecticut State Department of Children and Youth Services is a multi-service agency which assists children and youth through directly operated and funded services. The agency's services include child protection; foster care; adoptions; juvenile corrections and rehabilitation; and prevention and treatment of delinquency, child maltreatment, mental illness, and emotional disturbance. The department operates or arranges for services to children and youth through a continuum of care. This report includes a brief description of the functions of the Affirmative Action Office and of the department divisions, and a discussion of the continuum of care model for children's services. The major part of the report describes the five main goals of the department in the areas of: (1) comprehensive service system; (2) quality service system; (3) permanency; (4) preparation for adulthood; and (5) agency management. For each goal, objectives are listed which include past progress and a summary…

Culler, Katharyn; And Others (1986). University of California, Berkeley's Undergraduate Honors Program for Minority Mathematics and Science Students–The Math/Science Workshop Program. Final Report. The aim of the Math/Science Workshop Program was to improve the performance of the University of California (UC) Berkeley minority students in freshman- and sophomore-level mathematics and science courses, and thereby increase the number of such students who continue on to complete bachelor's degrees in "mathematics-based" fields. It is also intended to serve as a model affirmative action program for other institutions seeking to improve the performance and persistence of minority undergraduates in scientific and technical fields of study. This report contains an executive summary and: (1) project overview; (2) project purpose; (3) background and origins; (4) project description; (5) outcomes and impacts; and (6) summary and conclusions. Findings show that the project (which provided supplementary instruction, academic counseling, and other services) appeals to well-motivated, high achieving students. It sets high goals for them, teaches them to work both independently and… [PDF]

Rossmann, Jack E. (1979). Personnel Challenges. Issues in Postsecondary Education. Societal and educational pressures that are likely to affect postsecondary education personnel during the 1980's are discussed. These pressures include the declining number of 18- to 22-year-old students, changes in mandatory retirement policy, affirmative action, a continuing high rate of inflation, and uncertainty regarding taxpayer and donor support for postsecondary education. The strengths and weakness of several approaches to data collection are assessed using the following criteria: institutional burden, taxpayer cost, timeliness of data, and data quality. It is recommended that surveys like the Higher Education General Information Survey of postsecondary education personnel be continued and strengthened, with timely data reporting. A second approach to future data collection, longitudinal analysis of cohorts of faculty and nonfaculty personnel, is also proposed. These cohorts would be followed up on a 4-year cycle with the thrust of each survey varying somewhat from year to… [PDF]

Doering, Mildred (1979). Women's Issues in Management: Analysis of Curriculum Needs. Faculty Research Working Paper Series 79-23. The purpose of this study was to ascertain needs for and opinions about college business courses with reference to women's issues. Specific objectives were to assess college business students' perceptions of curriculum needs in the women's issue area, to identify methods for incorporating issue needs into the curriculum, and to examine how perceived needs were related to the sex and educational level of the respondents. The survey indicated certain issues that need to be covered in courses created for both sexes: management skills, personal development, occupational and affirmative action information, career planning, and stereotyping issues. The issues that were identified for integration into existing courses for both sexes were individual management skills and career management. Women identified a uniquely female curriculum need for issues surrounding achievement in a career path that is relatively new for them. Undergraduates revealed a need for inclusion of issues concerning…

Koltai, Leslie (1979). 1979 State of the District Address. The running of the Los Angeles Community College District incorporates two distinct kinds of functions: those of an educational nature and those that are corporate in scope. While the educational functions have been performed well, the future will demand even greater responsiveness to student needs. Issues to be faced in the future to insure that these educational functions are accomplished satisfactorily include the following: (1) each college must develop its own distinct identity; (2) growing numbers of foreign students will require that new programs and services be provided to meet their needs; (3) more emphasis must be placed on developing cooperation, rather than competition, between elements of public higher education; (4) commitment to affirmative action must remain a top priority; and (5) the 1979-80 academic year will require thoughtful preparation for re-negotiation of contracts. With regard to corporate functions, major accomplishments have been made in data processing…

Carrillo, Carmen (1979). Summary: Report to President's Commission on Mental Health from the Special Populations Subtask Panel; Mental Health of Hispanic Americans; Recommendations to the Commission. The issue of the delivery of mental health services to Hispanic Americans is discussed in this report to the President's Commission on Mental Health. Hispanics, who will be the largest minority group in the United States within the next 25 years, do not make use of sufficient existing health services. They have a need for alternative services which are adapted to their cultural heritage. Urban Hispanics are a high risk population with respect to mental illness, alcoholism, and drug abuse. Rural Hispanics and migrant workers have problems stemming from their isolation, their mobility, and the reluctance of traditional agencies to provide them with services. In addition to being served inadequately as patients, Hispanics are also underrepresented as professional workers in the mental health field. This condition persists despite the affirmative action efforts of recent years. In order to develop the human resources necessary for the delivery of culturally relevant mental health…

Taliaferro, Hugh (1977). Management Listens to Its Own Speech. Interest in the phenomenon of oral communication is rapidly growing in organizations which range in size from giant corporations to small companies. This discussion focuses on practices in and attitudes toward speech training in the advertising industry. Information was gleaned from interviews with the executives of the 25 largest advertising agencies in American–most of those questioned were directors of personnel. A majority of this group felt that the quality of speech and communication skills had deteriorated over the past ten years and cited reasons such as the failure of schools to provide adequate training, increased television viewing, and so on. Among the factors contributing to executives' heightened concern for communication competence were recession in business, the rise of consumerism, the establishment of Affirmative Action hiring programs, and the electronic future. A number of training programs were used: periodic classes over a period of time, in-depth… [PDF]

Brassie, Stan (1976). [Tenure–a Management Problem.]. Tenure saturation coupled with declining enrollments, abolishment of general university requirements, program diversity, and affirmative action programs make tenure an issue. These factors are representative of many facing university management today. Serious examination of the concept of tenure reveals that 85 percent of all colleges have tenure, one third of all colleges and universities have changed tenure rules in the last two years, two fifths of all colleges and universities are reviewing tenure, 82 percent of all administrators polled in 1972 opposed tenure in its present form, 14 percent favor abolition of tenure, and 86 percent favor changing it. Some suggestions for improving the situation are that universities (1) be more discriminating in accepting applications for tenure, (2) establish tenure quotas, (3) more carefully screen tenure applicants, (4) be more conservative in hiring procedures, and (5) have post-tenure reviews. In addition to these measures, a retraining…

Dearing, Bruce (1973). [Opening Address at the Conference on Women and the Management of Postsecondary Institutions.]. This document was presented as the opening address for the conference on Women and the Management of Postsecondary Institutions, and concerns the problem of discrimination against women educators. The author cites two main categories of discrimination, the attitudes that have become ingrained in our culture, and the commitment to amateurism in the selection and recruitment process for administrative positions. The existence of the \old boy\ system of recruitment makes it extremely difficult to break out of the pattern of amateurism and prejudice. The author recommends more programs like the University of Michigan has developed to prepare people for academic leadership positions, and declares that the idea of such training must become more widely accepted. He further suggests that large universities should internalize administrative training programs and recruit more women for internships. As solutions to the problem of affirmative action, the author offers the following: increase… [PDF]

(1999). Ten Public Policy Issues for Higher Education in 1999 and 2000. AGB Public Policy Paper Series, No. 99-1. Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges This paper is the fifth in a series of yearly efforts to identify the top 10 public policy issues facing higher education. Each of the issues is presented, first as a brief summary and then discussed in some depth; each also includes a list of information sources. The issues identified are: (1) teacher preparation and the K-12 relationship (the increasing role of higher education in improving K-12 instruction); (2) affordability vs. access (the increasing problem of access for less affluent students); (3) cost and price of higher education (increasing public concern about college costs); (4) implementation of recent federal legislation (implementation concerns of major 1998 legislation); (5) federal support for university research (both the level of funding and governing policies); (6) diversity in admissions (problems concerning affirmative action in admissions); (7) information technology and new competition (technology and for-profit higher education providers); (8) economic and…