(1979). Legislation, Litigation and the Administration of Higher Education. The effects of legislation, regulations, and case law on higher education administration is discussed, and projections are offered regarding tenure, collective bargaining, use of legal counsel, affirmative action, academic due process, torts, search and seizure, privacy, and the First Amendment. Ways in which administrators in colleges and universities may deal with critical issues growing out of legislation and litigation are addressed. The situation facing the college administrator is that courts and governmental agencies have far-reaching impacts upon policies, relationships, rules, and finances within educational institutions. The movement toward accountability is one of the reasons for increased court involvement and the resulting litigation in the communitv college environment. In a national survey covering the period 1973-75, state directors of community/junior college education were asked to respond to a questionnaire regarding the amount and type of state legislation…
(1977). A Self-Study on the Impact of Federal Programs on the Sterling College Campus. Results of a self-study by Sterling College, Kansas, on the impact of federal programs are discussed. Sterling College, a small college with an enrollment of 500 students, has received 54 percent of its tuition dollars from federal and state programs. Until 1977-78 when $147,000 was received in federal support for program development, only small amounts of federal funds were received. A survey of college officials revealed that in general there is a minimum level of understanding of regulations pertaining to governmental programs. There is uncertainty about whether the college's affirmative action plan is acceptable, whether the due process system will stand up in courts, or whether the college is offering equal opportunity to both sexes in all areas. Demands of federal reports have required time-consuming efforts on the part of the office of student aid and the business office. Title IX regulations have changed priorities in the physical education program. It is concluded that the…
(1977). Toward Equality of Educational Opportunity and Attainment in Higher Education in Maryland. A Position Paper. A recommendation is made by the presidents and chancellor of the four historically Black colleges and universities in Maryland that the goal of racial equality requiring the education of larger numbers of Blacks at all levels of higher education in a wide variety of fields–undergraduate, graduate, and professional–be kept at the forefront of the plans of the state. Statistics are cited to support the contention that proportionately more whites than Blacks have attended or completed college. A five-point approach to higher education in Maryland is urged: (1) A statewide plan for educational equality should be developed. (2) Predominately Black institutions should be viewed and treated in their proper role as positive features of the statewide system and as contributors to the racial equality goals of the state and the federal government. (3) Affirmative action programs should be strengthened in the predominately white institutions so they may make a greater contribution to equality…
(1982). Pluralism in the Legal Profession: Models for Minority Access. Eight papers on models for minority access to the legal profession cover outstanding programs which facilitate access to and success in higher education, concentrating on recruitment, retention, and bar passage. Susan Brown's introduction presents statistics on yearly minority enrollment in legal studies through 1981 and discusses policy perspectives. Brown's discussion of the New Mexico Supreme Court's 1980 Melendez v. Burciaga hearing on New Mexico's bar examination covers issues, proposals, and revisions instituted in the examination. Brown's third paper notes relevance for the legal profession of the simulated Medical College Admissions Test, developed to identify deficiencies in knowledge and skills so these may be remedied before students enter professional school. Angel Lopez describes the history and accomplishments of the Oregon State Bar's affirmative action program since 1973. The Professional Development Program at the University of California, Berkeley, is discuseed by…
(1978). Effects of Government Regulations on Higher Education. Results of a self-study conducted by Western Michigan University on the effects of government regulations on higher education are presented. The self-study, conducted with the aid of questionnaires, followup visits, or telephone calls, addressed the following main concerns: (1) academic programs; (2) maintenance, buildings, physical plant, and other related areas; (3) personnel policies; (4) student services; and (5) research activities. The university has started centralizing procedures and policies for complying with equal employment legislation and has appointed an affirmative action officer. The Buckley Amendment made it necessary for the records office to retain a lawyer. In general, records office personnel feel that the legal constraints interfere with normal services. Records office personnel also expressed frustration over the fact that many federal reports have been computerized by the university at great initial expense of money, time, and effort. Complying with the…
(1975). Social Policy and Multi-Ethnicity in the 1970's. Working Paper Series, Number 1. Some of the public policy problems currently facing the United States, which have been created by a reawakening to the real multiethnic character of society, are explored and developed in great detail in this paper. The analysis is confined to domestic affairs, but the significant impact of foreign affairs on ethnic group identity and intergroup relations in America is stated. A listing of central issues dealt with include the following: (1) quota and affirmative action–the most dramatic and most far-reaching in its implications; (2) ethnic studies–with the current rising demand of white ethnic groups to be included in the curriculum revision, there is real confusion among educators as to how to respond to the new surges and militancy that have arisen; (3) bilingual education–Spanish speaking groups have long perceived bilingualism as a key to their survival, and Chinese demands are currently litigating in the Supreme Court; (4) government reorganization–overlooked in the past… [PDF]
(1986). Employment Alternatives for Workers with Disabilities: An International Perspective. Research Report. The employment alternatives available to disabled workers in various countries throughout the world were compared. Using a six-level model in which level 1 designated no employment and level 6 indicated competitive employment with no accommodation or shelter, the researchers examined the following employment practices: competitive employment (involving quota systems, government grants and tax credits to employers, and/or government subsidies); fully integrated employment (including supported employment and affirmative action); semi-integrated employment; and segregated employment. The use and relative effectiveness of each of these strategies both in the United States and abroad were compared. It was concluded that despite the well-documented failure of sheltered workshops in helping disabled workers become \job ready,\ they have been widely used in the United States as transitional places of employment. A more effective strategy would be to structure sheltered workshops to provide… [PDF]
(1978). Women in the Labor Force: 1978. There has been a rapid increase in Mississippi women's participation in the labor force, but female participation still lags behind male participation. The 1960s witnessed dramatic increases in younger women's participation. The trend is expected to continue into the late 1970s. Annual 1977 averages showed women made up almost 40% of Mississippi's labor force. The 1977 unemployment insurance data reveals most women claimants are between twenty-two and thirty-nine. Less than one in four was hard core (fifteen weeks or longer) unemployed. Two pieces of legislation have addressed women's employment rights: the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which created the Equal Employment Commission to establish sex discrimination guidelines and the 1963 Equal Pay Act to prohibit pay discrimination because of sex. Despite Affirmative Action programs, most women have remained in traditional occupational categories (e.g., clerical and service work). There will be over 466,000 available openings in Mississippi…
(1996). Minorities in Higher Education. 1995-96 Fourteenth Annual Status Report. This report provides an overview of the available racial and ethnic data on high school completion rates, college participation, college enrollment, degrees conferred, and employment in higher education for the period 1974-1994. Major data sources are reports of the U.S. Bureau of the Census and the National Center for Education Statistics. The report also includes a special focus on affirmative action and higher education. Trends identified include the following: high school completion rates increased for African Americans but declined for Hispanics; women continue to complete high school at higher rates than men with a 6 percent gap for Hispanics, 6.3 percent gap for African Americans, and a 3.9 percent gap for whites. The total college-age population continued to decline, falling 10 percent from 1984 to 1994 while total college enrollment declined slightly. All four major ethnic groups achieved enrollment growth, with Hispanics increasing 6.9 percent, Asian Americans 7.5 percent,… [PDF]
(1978). Target Report No. 4. Legislative Scorecard. Votes of the Senators and Representatives on selected bills deemed important to students covering late 1976 and all of 1977 are presented along with the National Student Association and the National Student Lobby (NSA-NSL) rating of each Congressman. The rating is based on the percentage of times the Congressman voted in favor of the position that NSA-NSL took on the issue. The bills and amendments voted on in the Senate that NSA-NSL considered important are: Day Care Assistance (HR 12455); Education, Affirmative Action (HR 14232); 1977 Farm Food Bill (S. 275, Student Food Stamp Eligibility); Youth Jobs (HR 6138); Aid to Disadvantaged Students (HR 7555); Enforcement of Civil Rights (HR 7555); School Busing; (HR 7555); Tuition Tax Credits (House Conference Resolution 341); Sub-minimum Wage for Youth (S1871); and Student Sub-minimum Wage (S1871); The bills and amendments voted on in the House of Representatives that NSA-NSL considered important are: Appropriation Levels (HR 7555);…
(1998). The Law of Higher Education, 1997 Supplement. Third Edition. This 1997 supplement to \The Law of Higher Education: A Comprehensive Guide to Lead Implications of Administrative Decision Making, Third Edition\ (1995) (ED 383 256), includes discussions of court opinions, statutes, regulations, and related developments, and cites selected law journal articles, books, and other resources concerning the legal aspects of college administration. An introductory chapter gives an overview of postsecondary education law, its scope and evolution, the nature of court litigation, the public-private dichotomy, and the role of religion in this dichotomy. Subsequent chapters address specific topics: trustees/administrators/staff (sources and scope of authority, institutional liability for others' acts, institutional management of liability risk); faculty (nondiscrimination in employment, affirmative action, personnel decisions, academic freedom); students (legal status, admissions, financial aid, support services, disciplinary/grievance systems,…
(1975). Women Management Faculty: An Empirical Look at Their Status. In March 1975, a study was begun to determine what the status of women in the management profession really is. Questionnaires were mailed to the 175 women members of the Academy of Management. Eighty-one (46 percent) useable questionnaires were returned. Conclusions were: (1) 25 percent of female Academy members are not receiving raises and promotion at the time they met criteria; (2) half the female Academy members may be considered a talent pool for administrative openings since they have strong self-concepts about their administrative ability and are interested in these positions; (3) a significant number of female Academy members are not job hunting; (4) some benefits have been received by female Academy members from the women's movement; (5) over a third of female Academy members may be considered a talent pool for industry; (6) female students of Academy members are still having problems getting jobs; (7) over half the sample is concentrated in the lower salary ranges, yet…
(2001). From "Yellow Peril" to "Model Minority": The Transition of Asian Americans. This paper investigates factors influencing the emergence of a new ethnic identity for Asian Americans, replete with academic achievement and professional success. While Asian Americans were once considered "unassimilable heathens," they have been transformed from "cruel, enemy aliens" to "industrious, quiet, law-abiding citizens." For years, the press has portrayed Asian Americans as a model minority. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Asian Americans were depicted as achieving the American dream through hard work, attributing the model minority success to strong family values, structure, and stability. Asians have emerged as an affluent cultural minority as the result of values inherent in their culture, beliefs, customs, and traditions. Researchers contend that this image change is attributable to professional attitudes and upward social mobility among college educated Asian Americans, coupled with the new arrival of highly educated Asian immigrants…. [PDF]
(1981). A Personnel Model: Hiring, Developing and Promoting Community College Employees. The high priority placed on staff development by business and industry has not been shared by the community college which has tended to seek talents outside the institution rather than to develop those within. Community college staff development programs are usually designed to improve job performance rather than to enhance employee growth and flexibility. Drawing upon business/industry models for personnel development might help community colleges to meet employees' professional goals within the institution. The three components of an industrial model (hiring, developing, promoting) are present within most community colleges. Hiring refers to the recruitment, screening, selection, and initial classification of employees. Developing refers to a three-dimensional process including orientation, understanding institutional goals, and preparing to meet them. Promoting involves increasing the variety of on-the-job experiences employees might have to equip them to move easily to other…
(2024). Who Gets Their First Choice? Race and Class Differences in College Admissions Outcomes. AERA Open, v10 n1. The debate over race-conscious admissions has gained prominence, notably in cases such as Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard. In debates on race-conscious admissions, the question is often not whether a student will go to college, but which college the student will attend. Using data from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009, we examined racial and socioeconomic disparities in the probability of acceptance to a student's first-choice college based on institutional selectivity. Race was a significant predictor of acceptance to a first-choice college, with Black and Asian students facing odds of acceptance that were 46% to 59% lower than those of White peers. However, at highly competitive or most selective colleges, race was no longer a significant predictor, and racial disparities in acceptance rates diminished. Socioeconomic status had no significant association with the probability of acceptance to a first-choice college…. [PDF]