Barger, Josephine C.; Barger, Robert N. (1981). The Two Edges of Advisement: Report of a National Survey. The state of academic advisement in postsecondary education was studied through a survey of representatives of 58 colleges and universities and students who were pursuing undergraduate degrees in four-year institutions during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. About 59 percent of the institutions were public, 41 percent were private, and 22 percent had a central advisement program. Only 45 percent of the public students rated their advisement as excellent-to-good, compared to almost 59 percent of the private students. For the three time periods, there was a marked decrease in public student satisfaction with their advisement and a corresponding increase in private student satisfaction. Students in large public universities were considerably less happy with their advisement than were students in small schools. Students viewed themselves as the most helpful resource in making decisions about majors, teachers as the most helpful external resource, and advisors tied with friends as being… [PDF]

Ishler, Richard E. (1981). Educational Retrenchment: A Model for Institutions of Higher Education. Policies and procedures for retrenchment used at Emporia State University, Kansas, are identified to serve as a model for other colleges and the universities. The procedures are as follows: When a formal, institution-wide program of retrenchment appears necessary, the president will inform the faculty senate when such action is to be initiated and the actions that necessitate it. If the faculty senate does not approve the president's decision, the president will inform the Kansas Board of Regents, and all three interests will meet to discuss the matter. The responsibility for the assignment of unclassified positions within the institution, and the documentation that is needed to make such assignments, are addressed. Criteria for withdrawing unclassified positions, or terminating members of the administrative and teaching faculty, include: the ability of the university to accomplish its stated mission and to continue the quality of its programs and services will be maintained in…

Thomas, M. Donald (1981). Pluralism Gone Mad. Fastback 160. This monograph contends that the same ethnic preoccupation that is pervading politics in the United States today is also dangerously affecting our educational system. Specifically, pluralistic demands placed on American schools are moving them away from the historical objectives of unifying, providing a common experience for a diverse population, establishing democratic ideals and devotion to civic duty, and providing basic vocational preparation. Examples of 'pluralism gone mad' (defined as any attempt to introduce, on the basis of social equity, programs that divert the educational process from the democratic goals and principles to which it is historically committed) include separation of curriculum, activities, or services on the basis of race, ethnic background, or sex; bilingual education aimed at supporting a jobs program rather than valid educational purposes; accommodation of the idiosyncratic values and personal behavior of every individual; educational reform based on… [PDF]

Giele, Janet Zollinger (1978). Women and the Future: Changing Sex Roles in Modern America. This book identifies, analyzes, and evaluates the changes in the status of women in government, work, the family, and the cultural system. It is intended for persons interested in any aspect of women's studies or sex roles. American women today have a greater voice in politics than at any earlier point in history. But signs of inequality in actual representation of women's interests are still evident. Women account for less than ten percent of all state legislators and less than five percent of congress. Numerous studies by political scientists show that females are less well informed and less active in politics than men. More women are now engaged in pay work than ever before. Forty eight percent of all women now work for pay. However, there are great sex differences in pay and promotion and husbands are not helping with the housework. Despite advances in recent years, most women today continue to occupy a relatively low rung on the social ladder. To help the sexes realize full…

Borker, Susan R.; Loughlin, Julia (1979). Implications of the Present Economic Position of Middle-Aged Divorced and Widowed Women: Another Generation of the Elderly in Poverty. The paper explores the present economic and social position of over 5,000 middle-aged women (39-53) and examines the relationship of their present status to their future financial security. The women were interviewed six times from 1967 to 1976; black respondents outnumbered whites approximately three to one. Results indicate that while the economic status of women seems to be improving, the poverty of the increasing numbers of female-headed households suggests that this improvement is an illusion. Data indicate that women who are now between 40 and 55 will have serious economic problems as they age. Those who are divorced or widowed have almost complete economic responsibility for their children, and this responsibility limits their ability to accumulate assets. For black women the picture is especially bleak. These women enter the labor force at wages well below those of white women. Also, a larger proportion of black women are widowed or divorced, and the amount they receive in…

Barron, Arleen S. (1975). Assessing Research Needs Related to Education of the Handicapped. Final Report. Four conferences involving key special education personnel were held on research needs related to: 1) career education for the handicapped, 2) education for the severely handicapped, 3) early childhood education for the handicapped, and 4) development of personnel to serve the handicapped. Major concerns of the career education conference were development of skills for leisure time activities as well as work and the need to find and use existing knowledge to develop methodologies and programs. Themes of the conference on education of the severely handicapped included the need for an adequate system of information exchange among researchers and practitioners, the need for research to be directed to the most critical problems and to be nationally coordinated, and the importance of continuous surveillance and longitudinal data collection. Stressed in the conference on early childhood education for the handicapped were the need for improved early diagnosis, appropriate intervention,… [PDF]

McGill, J. T. (1975). Dental Education: Health Education Commission Recommendations for Use in Developing the Illinois Master Plan–Phase IV. While the dental education expansion in Illinois has been notable, some problems remain to be addressed in the last half decade of the 1970's. There is a geographic maldistribution of dentists, with more dentists per capita in the urban areas, particularly Chicago, than in the downstate rural areas. While some progress has been made, considerable growth of ethnic minority enrollments must occur before such students are proportionately represented in the state's dental schools. The expansion of dental education in Illinois undertaken in 1968 will result in substantially more dentists. The increase should maintain and will likely improve Illinois' position among the top 15 states in terms of dentists per capita. In recognition of the substantial increases made to date and some of the dental care problems in Illinois, the following recommendations build upon the progress made to date: The three Chicago-area dental schools should meet their current enrollment projections. The necessary… [PDF]

Hernandez, Rudy; Rochin, Refugio I.; Siles, Marcelo (2001). Latino Youth: Converting Challenges to Opportunities. JSRI Working Paper No. 50. This paper examines demographic and socioeconomic data on the Latino population, focusing on characteristics of Latino youth. The U.S. Hispanic population is growing rapidly, fueled by both immigration and high fertility rates. Although census figures indicate that about 64 percent of Hispanics are of Mexican origin, the Latino population is very diverse in terms of self-identified ethnicity. Younger age groups of Latinos are growing at a disproportionately faster rate than those of other racial groups. Today's Latino youth are the largest minority youth group in the United States and may make up the majority of the workforce when they reach middle age. Although Latinos do not comprise a single, monolithic community, issues that bring them together include maintenance of culture and the Spanish language, family values, immigrant rights, poverty, and work ethic. While Latino males have high labor force participation, their low wages and seasonal employment leave them in poverty…. [PDF]

(1988). Minority Business Development and Economic Development Policy in New York. Implications for Black Entrepreneurs and Communities. Report of the Subcommittee on Economic Development. Volume 5, Economic Development. New York State should develop a comprehensive justification for its involvement in minority business development and each State program should be closely associated with that rationale. Minority business development programs are often short-sighted, potentially conflicting, and yield unimpressive results. Development of Economic Development Zones would assist minority and women-owned businesses and could be essential to the total revitalization of distressed communities. The following specific recommendations are included: (1) purchase a specific proportion of goods and services from minority businesses; (2) implement a uniform system to penalize non-compliance with affirmative action obligations in both construction and purchase contracts; (3) increase participation on an equity basis in minority and women-owned businesses, and encourage participation by the private sector; (4) encourage minority venture capital in the private sector by using creation, establishment, and…

Selby, Holly E. (1983). Exemption 4: Trade Secrets under the Freedom of Information Act. Exemption 4 of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) protects from disclosure by government agencies privileged and confidential trade secrets and commercial or financial information. Based on early Exemption 4 litigation, courts have devised a "substantial competitive harm test" to decide whether requested information should be covered by the exemption. In "Chrysler Corporation v. Brown," which marked a turning point in the issue of access to business information submitted to government agencies, the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) had decided to release information requested about Chrysler's affirmative action plan and other equal opportunity information. The DLA argued that the Trade Secrets Act did not apply to the information requested. Chrysler countered that Congress intended at least some of the FOIA exemptions to be mandatory, and that disclosure was prohibited under the Trade Secrets Act. Although the court ruled that Chrysler did not have a private…

Glass, Gene V., Ed. (2001). Education Policy Analysis Archives, 2001: Numbers 12-22. Education Policy Analysis Archives, v9 n12-22. This document consists of articles 12-22 published in the electronic journal "Educational Policy Analysis Archives" for the year 2001: (12) "Affirmative Action at Work: Performance Audit of Two Minority Graduate Fellowship Programs, Illinois IMGIP and ICEOP" (Jack McKillip); (13) "School Reform Initiatives as Balancing Acts: Policy Variation and Educational Convergence among Japan, Korea, England, and the United States" (Jaekyung Lee); (14) "Conceptualizing the Process of Education Reform from an International Perspective" (Benjamin Levine); (15) "Calculating the Benefits and Costs of For-Profit Public Education" (Alex Molnar); (16) "Wealth Redistribution, Race and Southern Public Schools, 1880-1910" (Kenneth Ng); (17) "Comments on Ng's Wealth Redistribution, Race, and Southern Public Schools, 1880-1910" (Sherman Dorn); (18) "Thinking out of the Box: One University's Experience with Foreign-Trained… [PDF]

(1986). Plan for Minority and Women Business Enterprise Contract Participation and Authorization To Amend Plan. This document outlines procedures for following the Chicago Board of Education procurement policy of providing fair and representative employment and business opportunities for minorities and women to remediate the adverse affects of historically discriminatory and exclusionary practices. These procedures are to be used in awarding contracts for goods and services, encouraging and providing for the greatest participation by business enterprises owned by minorities and women. This plan applies to all contracts funded in whole or in part with Board of Education funds. The document discusses the following: (1) policy; (2) application of the plan; (3) definitions; (4) certification; (5) participation goals; (6) set-asides; (7) credits; (8) demonstration of compliance in bid or proposal documents; (9) waiver and substitution; (10) monitoring of contracts; (11) noncompliance and sanctions; (12) Affirmative Action and technical assistance activities on the part of the Board of Education;… [PDF]

Lemon, Hallie S. (1996). Transcending E-Mail Dissonance: the Mediating Effects of Feminine Rhetoric. Sample excerpts from e-mail discussion used in place of the traditional journal in freshman composition illustrate the fascinating issues raised in this new forum. E-mail allows confrontational statements that would not have been made face-to-face and puts in written form a dialogue for analysis by the entire class. A study concentrated on three women and their responses to an e-mail discussion on affirmative action. When a White male student entered the conversation criticizing Blacks for their abuse of food stamps, a female student called him on his stereotypical generalizations. Her response could be characterized as "subjective knowledge," as defined in "Women's Ways of Knowing." She used empathy to "share the experience that has led a person to an idea." A second female student entered the conversation but did not make use of narrative the way the first female student did. Rather than distrusting logical analysis, "Michelle" seemed to be… [PDF]

Atwater, D. M.; And Others (1986). Navy EEO Labor Market Availability Data for the Early 1990's. Research Report No. 47. This report provides an update to 1992 of the Navy equal employment opportunity (EEO) and affirmative action availability data for each of the 64 local labor markets in which the U.S. Navy employs 250 or more civilian employees. Data are provided for the following nine major occupational categories: engineering and science technicians, scientists and engineers, other professionals, management and administrative personnel, other technicians, clerical occupations, other general schedule occupations, craftsmen and mechanics, and operatives and service workers. Data were collected and analyzed within the framework of the Civilian Occupation Planning Estimates System (COPES). Available labor force (AVAIL) models were used in conjunction with U.S. Census data to examine all persons in the civilian labor force to determine who would consider a specific Navy job an opportunity. The first step in compiling the data was to determine which workers and nonworkers match given Navy jobs with…

(1980). Women Moving Forward: Improving Florida's Economy through Leadership, Power and Influence. Proceedings of the Conference (Orlando, Florida, October 3-4, 1979). Proceedings from a conference entitled "Women Moving Forward: Improving Florida's Economy through Leadership, Power and Influence" are presented. The 1979 statewide conference, which brought together leaders from industry, government, education, and the communities, was designed to promote the social and economic needs of women. Contents include the following: "A Challenge to a State Plan of Action" and "Utilizing the Talents of Women, A Step Forward" (Governor Bob Graham); "Overcoming Institutional Impediments to Affirmative Action" (Charles V. Willie); "The Open System: Opportunity, Power, and Effective Numbers" (Betty Caldwell); "Strategies in the Advancement of Women in Higher Education" (Garry Hays); "Infiltrating the Power Structure" (Gertrude Simmons); "Recognizing and Dealing with Perceived Constraints to Advancement–Self Imposed" (Delores Auzenne); "Recognizing and Dealing with Perceived…

Skinner, David (2006). Home Is Where the Heart Is: Can Cory Booker Save Newark's Schools?. Education Next, v6 n4 p23-29 Fall. Newark, New Jersey, once called "The Worst American City," is a city that has lost 36 percent of its population since 1930 (from 442,000 to 280,000) and is now more than half black and nearly 40 percent poor. It is a city, reported the "New York Times," where "budgeting is a Rube Goldberg morass with a deficit looming," and where the school system, the state's largest, with 43,000 students, was so bad that it was taken over by the state more than a decade ago. Today the schools are still a mess, with 70 percent of 11th graders and 65 percent of 8th graders unable to pass the state's math tests. This is the Newark that Cory Booker says needs more policing, more comprehensive child-welfare policies, school vouchers, and more charter schools. Booker defeated state senator Ronald Rice and two other candidates in the city's mayoralty race by a healthy margin. He now has the opportunity–some might call it the unenviable task–of effecting education overhaul… [Direct]

Debow-Makino, Ginger; And Others (1993). Attitudes on Staff Participation and the Acceptance of Women and Minorities at Delta College: Results of a Staff Opinion Survey Made in Response to an Accreditation Report Recommendation. Research Report. In response to an accreditation team's concern over the status of affirmative action, the campus atmosphere toward women and ethnic minorities, and involvement of staff in decision-making at San Joaquin Delta College (SJDC), in California, the college conducted a survey of staff attitudes. A questionnaire was distributed to all 942 full- and part-time faculty, administrators, and classified staff in December 1992, resulting in 359 usable responses for a sample that closely matched college demographics. Survey findings included the following: (1) 45% of the respondents agreed and 9% disagreed that SJDC was making a strong effort to recruit women into management, while for women only 30% agreed compared to 60% of men; (2) 67% of the male respondents disagreed that sexism was a major problem at the college, compared to 40% for females; (3) staff as a whole indicated that SJDC was making a strong effort to recruit minorities and that they were well represented in management positions,… [PDF]

Keetz, Mary A. (1992). The Status of Female Faculty at West Chester University of Pennsylvania: An Historical Perspective, 1974-1989. This report presents data from the West Chester University segment of a 16-year longitudinal study of female faculty in the state system and its 14 universities. The study is designed to address the following questions: What are the numbers and distribution among professional ranks of female faculty prior to the State System's 1988 affirmative action plan? Have the number and percentage of female faculty remained constant? Are female faculty represented equitably at each professional rank? The information permits comparisons in the following areas: (1) the numbers and percentages of full-time faculty by sex as related to the numbers and percentages for West Chester alone, the State System as a whole, and similar Category II-A and II-B public universities; (2) the distribution of full-time faculty among professional ranks by sex as related to the numbers and percentages for West Chester, the State System, and similar Category II-A and II-B public universities; (3) the numbers and… [PDF]

Barrett, G. Jaia, Ed. (1998). ARL: A Bimonthly Newsletter of Research Library Issues and Actions, Nos. 190-195. February-December 1997. This document consists of six issues of the ARL (Association of Research Libraries) Newsletter, covering the year 1997. Each issue of the newsletter includes some or all of the following sections: "Current Issues," reports from the Office of Scholarly Communication, Office for Management Services, and Coalition for Networked Information, "Federal Relations,""Statistics and Measurement,""Diversity,""ARL Activities," and a calendar of events. Topics covered include: partnerships to develop geographic information systems services; licensing electronic resources; increasing minority representation in the library profession; projections of 1997 purchasing strategies; themes in literature on the topic of change; the difference between Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity; museum collaboration in marketing ventures for digital images; California Digital Library; balancing the academic versus market value of university… [PDF]

Cloud, Sanford Jr. (1988). The Corporate Stake in Educating One Third of a Nation. The importance of higher education for people of color who will soon make up one third of the U.S. population, is emphasized from the point of view of the Aetna Life & Casualty Foundation. Although the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s changed the course of history and people of color were offered access to higher education, something went wrong. The promise of the 1960s and 1970s diminished to the point where there is now declining participation and a tragic retention rate. Also, in the 1980s, the federal government backpedaled on affirmative action. Now not enough people of color are enrolling in college and even fewer are graduating. The gaps between minority groups and the majority population persist or are widening in education, employment, income, health, longevity, and other measures of well-being. If these disparities continue, the nation may suffer a lower standard of living, intensified social conflict, declining ability to compete in the world market, faltering…

Briggs, Norma L. (1978). Women and the Skilled Trades. Information Series No. 132. The participation of women in the skilled trades increased appreciably between 1960 and 1970; however, the rate of increase was not as large as could have been expected if women had entered the skilled trades at the same rate they entered the total civilian labor market. The gap between men's and women's median earnings was greater in 1970 than in 1960, but in the skilled trades the decrease in women's earnings in proportion to men's was smaller. The participation of women in the skilled trades appears to be higher in larger companies in large metropolitan areas than it is on the average nationwide. Also, proportionately more minority women are employed in the skilled trades by such companies. Women continue to be underrepresented in both apprenticeship training programs and vocational/technical education programs for the skilled trades even though affirmative action regulations and special stimulus programs have made some gains. Women have been well represented as participants in… [PDF]

Carmichael, Mary Margaret; Veres, Helen C. (1982). Changing Adolescents' Attitudes Toward Nontraditional Career Choices: An Intervention Process. An intervention project was conducted to determine if affirmative action strategies had an effect on promoting nontraditional program and course selection among 460 eighth and tenth grade students from urban, suburban, and rural communities in New York. The groups, about half male and half female, were divided into a control group and an experimental group. Both groups took pre- and posttests to determine their attitudes toward careers, specifically toward occupations non-traditional for their sex. Classroom activities, such as the viewing of filmstrips, class discussions, and student-parent discussions about sex-stereotyped attitudes were conducted with the experimental group. The results of the study, as measured by the posttest, provide evidence that classroom activities which provide students with information about career decision-making and nontraditional career choices and the chance to discuss the choice process can affect student's attitudes in a more positive direction…

Hahn, Thomas C. (1990). Future Faculty Development Program. In an effort to develop a pool of qualified candidates for full-time faculty positions, with particular emphasis on increasing the number of ethnic minority faculty to reflect the adult population of California, Southwestern College (SC) developed the Future Faculty Development Program (FFDP). The purpose of the program is fourfold: (1) to provide a unique opportunity for current students and recent alumni of SC to develop those talents, skills, and qualifications necessary to prepare for a career in community college teaching or counseling; (2) to provide the opportunity for such individuals to become employed by the District in one of three differentiated staffing levels (i.e., Work Study/Federal Work Study, Internships, and Instructional Assistantships) under the mentorship of supervising faculty and staff; (3) to provide the means for a proactive institutional response to the affirmative action mandates of Assembly Bill 1725, and the near future prospect of massive faculty/staff…

Duggan, Amelia, Ed.; Gilroy, Marilyn, Ed. (1996). The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education, 1995-96. Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education, v6 n1-26 1995-96. This document consists of all of volume 6 (26 issues) of the serial "The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education," a biweekly journal which addresses issues in higher education for Hispanic Americans. Each issue presents four feature articles, a policy update called "Outlook on Washington" and several opinion pieces. Feature articles address the following topics: political activism, racial harassment, the freshman year experience, the status of minorities 40 years after the Brown decision, Latino leaders, Hispanic education, Hispanic colleges, bilingualism, race-based scholarships, Black-Latino coalitions, affirmative action, recruitment/retention of minority students, the Latino immigrant, Latino political organization, Columbus Day controversy, Latino businesses, diversity education at the elementary level, racism and tenure denial, African influence in Latino culture, the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities, the Scholastic Assessment Test, gifted… [PDF]

(2001). Findings & Trends, Fall 1990–Fall 2000. AASCU/NASULGC Enrollment Report. Findings from a study of institutions that are members of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) or the National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges (NASULGC) show that enrollment at public four-year institutions increased 3.4% from fall 1990 to fall 2000, going from 5.91 million students to 6.11 million students. During this period, the enrollment of racial/ethnic minorities rose 34.4% at these institutions while the enrollment of white students fell 10.6%. Similar trends were evident for both AASCU and NASULGC member institutions. At both sets of institutions, the total number of men declined slightly, and the number of women increased moderately. Public four-year colleges and universities are experiencing enrollment growth at opposite ends of the age spectrum, with greatest increases in those under 20 and those 50 and older. The greatest gains for institutions that are members of both associations was in the Southeast, and the… [PDF]

Randell, Shirley, Ed. (1985). The Way Forward: Women in Higher Education Management in Australia. Report of a National Conference (Armidale, New South Wales, Australia, July 18-20, 1984). Issues concerning the participation of women in college administration in Australia are presented in this conference report. Of concern were structural and attitudinal barriers to greater participation of women in educational management and the role of government in fostering equal opportunity. Included are an overview of the conference, conference papers, and recommendations from the conference. Paper titles and authors are: "Directions for Change" (Denise Bradley); "A Vice-Chancellor's Perspective" (Robert Segall); "A Union Perspective" (Jo Gaha); "Changing Opportunities for Women in Universities: A Question of Responsibility and Will" (Gretchen Poiner); "The Politics of Merit and the Exercise of Power: Issues in the Promotion of Academic Women to Positions of Influence" (Clare Burton); "Attitudinal Barriers to the Participation of Women in Educational Management" (Bronwyn Davies); "Changing from the Middle"… [PDF]

Lowe, Eugene Y., Jr., Ed. (1999). Promise and Dilemma: Perspectives on Racial Diversity and Higher Education. The essays and commentaries in this volume on racial diversity and higher education are grouped into three parts. The first offers a broad perspective and an historical review of the complex history of the United States' effort to achieve racial diversity; the second notes empirical studies of the extent of racial disparities in academic preparation and performance; and the third considers racial diversity from a broad societal viewpoint. The essays and commentaries are: (1) "Promise and Dilemma: Incorporating Racial Diversity in Selective Higher Education" (Eugene Y. Lowe, Jr.); (2) "Promoting High Academic Achievement among Non-Asian Minorities" (L. Scott Miller); (3) "A Threat in the Air: How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance" (Claude M. Steele); (4) "A Practitioner's View from Texas: Comments on the Essays by L. Scott Miller and Claude M. Steel" (Philip Uri Treisman); (5) "Assessment and Student Diversity:…

Wilson, Charles E. (1994). Development of Recommendations To Improve Minority Faculty Hiring Procedures at Kansas City Kansas Community College. In response to the small number of minority faculty at Kansas City Kansas Community College (KCKCC), a study was conducted to develop a set of recommendations to improve minority faculty hiring procedures and provide information and guidelines useful to administrative staff for recruiting minority faculty members. Criteria for establishing policy recommendations were developed from a literature review and telephone interviews with seven college personnel officers. Following a review of the criteria by three personnel experts and additional telephone interviews, recommendations for improving minority hiring were established, including: (1) listen to minority faculty's needs; (2) establish strategies to prepare the campus for intellectual, social, ethnic, and cultural diversity; (3) establish a staff conversion program to identify minority staff members in instructional support departments who may be interested in teaching; (4) establish diversity programs in all divisions and… [PDF]

Freeman, Robin; And Others (1994). Environmental Careers: A Pilot Employment Market Survey. In June 1994, Merritt College, in Oakland, California, conducted a study to determine career employment prospects for high school graduates and community college students in programs in the college's Environmental Sciences (ES) department and tech prep program. A sample of 178 organizations from the environmental industry was developed and divided into the categories of small businesses, large businesses or corporations, non-governmental organizations or advocacy groups, non-advocacy groups, governmental organizations, research organizations, physical plant management, professional and trade societies, and listing organizations. Telephone interviews were completed with individuals at 69% of the organizations, requesting their perceptions of employment trends and needs. In general, responses indicated that there was a growth in and an ongoing demand for community college graduates in environmental industries, especially through internships and affirmative action programs. Larger… [PDF]

(1990). Minorities in Higher Education: Selected Papers from an Interdisciplinary Conference Held at Hofstra University (Hempstead, New York, March 9-11, 1989). This report provides a selection of conference papers which discuss issues concerning minority participation in higher education, beginning with recognition of the many discrepancies between what are expressed as personal and organizational values and what parameters remain hidden. The papers consider the causes for limited minority participation in higher education and review some solutions. Papers include: (1) "Excellence and Equity in the Education of Minority Students" (A. W. Astin); (2) "Cultural Factors Differentiating Academically Unsuccessful Students, Academically Successful Students, and Faculty (P. Chu-Richardson); (3) "Perceptions and Experiences of Minorities at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs" (L. F. Dickson); (4) "Becoming Involved in College Life: A Comparative Study of Black and White College Students" (C. J. Thompson); (5) "Social Welfare Needs of African-American [Students] as Factors in Retention" (B. W….