Danhier, Julien (2016). Teachers in Schools with Low Socioeconomic Composition: Are They Really That Different?. European Education, v48 n4 p274-293. This article aims to assess whether differences in teacher characteristics vary with differences in socioeconomic compositions of schools. We conducted correlation analyses on administrative data from the French-speaking education system in Belgium. This database regroups more than 20,000 teachers in 1,630 elementary schools. We selected indicators to measure the link between schools' socioeconomic composition and a set of dimensions of teachers' profile such as experience, job security, and stability. The results confirm that some of these dimensions are linked to the school composition. The findings highlight the relevance of considering segmentation of the school market when studying the topic…. [Direct]

Espinosa, Lorelle; Gaertner, Matthew Newman; Orfield, Gary A. (2016). A Dream Undone? Higher Education Access in a Shifting Legal Landscape. AERA Online Paper Repository, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Washington, DC, Apr 8-12, 2016). This paper examines diversity strategies at selective universities across the U.S., with a particular focus on the effects of legal challenges to race-conscious admissions. Study findings are based on responses to a first-of-its-kind national survey of undergraduate admissions and enrollment management leaders administered in fall 2014. The data include 338 nonprofit four-year institutions that collectively enrolled 2.7 million students and fielded over 3 million applications for admission in 2013-14. This paper focuses on the most widely used and effective diversity strategies, changes in admissions factors after the U.S. Supreme Court's 2013 ruling in "Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin," and the most sought after diversity research and guidance in light of the turbulent legal and political landscape. This work is especially timely in light of the Supreme Court's June 2015 decision to reexamine race-conscious admissions in "Fisher."… [Direct]

Sandler, Bernice R. (1989). The Restoration of Title IX: Implications for Higher Education. This booklet helps institutions understand the restoration of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and changes resulting from the Civil Rights Restoration Act. Title IX prohibits sex discrimination in federally assisted education programs. A 1984 ruling held that Title IX covers only programs or activities funded with federal money. In March 1988, the Civil Rights Restoration Act ensured that Title IX applies to the entire institution regardless of where federal funds are used. Sections focus on the following: which institutions are covered; exemptions (admissions, military school, and religious); affirmative remedial action; discrimination; how to treat students (admissions, recruitment, housing/facilities, courses, educational activities, counseling, financial aid, employment aid, health and insurance benefits, abortion, marital or prenatal status, athletics, textbooks and curricular materials, sexual and peer harassment, and sexual assault, abuse, and rape); how to treat… [PDF]

Habeck, Rochelle V., Ed.; And Others (1985). Economics and Equity in Employment of People with Disabilities: International Policies and Practices. Proceedings from the Symposium (East Lansing, Michigan, April 28-May 2, 1984). This volume contains the following presentations: "An Overview of Policy Issues," by Donald Galvin; "Policies for the Employment of Disabled People,' by Norman Acton; "A Corporate Perspective," by Jane Belau; "The Future of Work for People with Disabilities–A View from Great Britain," by Paul Cornes; "A Sociopolitical Perspective," by Harlan Hahn; "Employer Initiatives–Policy Approaches," by Kenneth Mitchell; "A Review of U.S. Corporate-Sponsored Programs for Accommodation and Early Intervention," by Frederick Collignon; "A Disability Management Program for Employees: The Federal Government as Employer," by L. Deno Reed and Richard P. Melia; "The AFL-CIO as a Partner in Employment for Disabled People," by Rod DuChemin; "Early Rehabilitation in the Workplace," by Juhani Karjula;"Impact of Employee Assistance and Risk Management on Disability Costs," by Edward J. Hester;… [PDF]

(2021). Shut Out: The Need to Increase Access to the University of California and the California State University. Campaign for College Opportunity The value of a college degree continues to rise. A bachelor's degree in particular provides unrivaled economic and health benefits not just for the individual earning the degree, but for the entire state. Therefore, it is not surprising to see growing demand for a college education coupled with growing eligibility for California's public universities among high school students striving to attend. Unfortunately, students are being met by an increasingly competitive admissions environment and universities have responded to the growing number of applicants by raising the bar for admissions, especially as state funding to expand capacity fails to adequately fund every eligible student. While California's vision for higher education in the 1960s was revolutionary for its time, the state is in dire need of a new roadmap and vision that intentionally ensures greater access to the University of California (UC), and the California State University (CSU) for eligible students, intentionally… [PDF]

Philips, David, Ed.; And Others (1989). The Impact of American Ideas on New Zealand's Educational Policy, Practice, and Thinking. Proceedings of a Fulbright Education Seminar (Wellington, New Zealand, September 12-13, 1989). This collection of papers on the impact of U.S. ideas on New Zealand education range from the personal recollections of New Zealand Fulbright scholars recounting their experiences in the United States to academic papers that explore how innovative approaches towards educational issues in the United States have had an impact on the New Zealand education system. The 28 papers are: (1) "The Further Off from England…" (W. L. Renwick); (2) "American Influences on New Zealand Education, 1840-1945" (Logan Moss); (3) "American Influences on New Zealand Sociology of Education, 1950-1988" (Sue Middleton); (4) "Higher Education for Women: Choice or Chance?" (Ann Keppel); (5) "Margaret Mead: the New Zealand Connection" (Jane Ritchie); (6) "'How They Brought the Good News…': Report on the Survey of New Zealand and American Fulbright Awardees" (Geraldine McDonald); (7) "Bridges or Barriers?: The Role of Schools in Culturally…

McCowan, Tristan (2017). Higher Education, Unbundling, and the End of the University as We Know It. Oxford Review of Education, v43 n6 p733-748. Unbundling is the process through which products previously sold together are separated into their constituent parts. In higher education, this dynamic has been driven primarily by financial motivations, and spearheaded by the for-profit sector, but also has pedagogical motivations through its emphasis on personalisation and employability. This article presents a theoretical analysis of the trend, proposing new conceptual tools with which to map the normative implications. While appearing to offer the prospect of financial viability and increased relevance, unbundling presents some worrying signs for universities: first, the removal of possible synergies between teaching and research, and between different modes of learning; second, the undermining of the ability of institutions to promote the public good and ensure equality of opportunity; and third, the threat of hyperporosity to the conducting of basic research with long-term benefits…. [Direct]

Braddock, Jomills H.; Mikulyuk, Ashley B. (2018). K-12 School Diversity and Social Cohesion: Evidence in Support of a Compelling State Interest. Education and Urban Society, v50 n1 p5-37 Jan. Despite existing research that demonstrates the benefits of racial diversity in education, the Court has become increasingly disinclined to allow the use of race or ethnicity in education policy targeted to increase race/ethnic diversity, absent a compelling state interest. The debate over the merits of educational diversity has almost exclusively focused on individual-level outcomes, ignoring consequences for society at large. We argue that this restricted conception of the goals of diversity may limit our understanding of how diverse learning opportunities represent compelling societal interests. Using macro-level data of 29 U.S. metropolitan areas, we examine the societal impact of K-12 diversity on an important societal attribute, intergroup social cohesion. This research has the potential to inform education policy and judicial sentiment about diversity as a compelling state interest in an increasingly diverse society…. [Direct]

Ma, Yingyi; Wang, Lifang (2016). Fairness in Admission: Voices from Rural Chinese Female Students in Selective Universities in Chinese Mainland. Frontiers of Education in China, v11 n1 p44-73. As the Chinese mainland has transitioned from elite to mass higher education, the race to attend university has escalated to become a race to attend selective universities. This study focuses on rural female university students and explores how they make sense of their higher education admission experiences. We rationalize that the inquiry into fairness is crystallized through examining rural female students' voices, which remain largely marginalized from the literature. Drawing from in-depth interviews with 22 rural female undergraduates from five selective universities in northern China, we focus on their perspectives towards three key issues in higher education admission: entrance exams, region-based quotas that put them at distinct disadvantages, and new reform initiatives…. [Direct]

Frankenberg, Erica; Garces, Liliana M.; Lewis, Maria M. (2019). A Comprehensive and Practical Approach to Policy Guidance: The Office for Civil Rights' Role in Education during the Obama Administration. Educational Researcher, v48 n1 p51-60 Jan-Feb. As the federal entity in charge of enforcing civil rights law, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights (OCR) plays a critical role in addressing the vast inequities that exist in U.S. education. Through an analysis of the policy guidance OCR issued for a number of areas during the Obama administration, we illustrate the agency's comprehensive and practical approach to helping ensure that young people from different backgrounds have equitable access to education and equitable experiences once enrolled. This review provides the foundation for understanding civil rights enforcement in the current context of inequality; it is particularly timely, as the Trump administration has begun a rollback of existing guidance, which has concerning implications for students' civil rights…. [Direct]

Nguyen, David H. K. (2014). Burden's on U! the Impact of the "Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin" Decision on K-16 Admissions Policies. Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, v87 n3 p97-101. Using race as a factor in admissions policies was contested in "Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin." Although the U.S. Supreme Court firmly held in "Grutter v. Bollinger" that race can be considered among many factors in admitting students, the recent decision in "Fisher" has posed many questions and challenges for institutions of higher education. It is clear that the Supreme Court has made it more challenging for institutions to advance institutional diversity. This article examines the ruling in "Fisher" and how it impacts admissions in K-16 education…. [Direct]

Fine, Michelle, Ed.; Powell, Linda C., Ed.; Weis, Lois, Ed.; Wong, L. Mun, Ed. (1997). Off White: Readings on Race, Power, and Society. The contributions in this volume analyze the white racialization process in the context of multiculturalism and examine how racism is established in institutional structures. The chapters are: (1) \The Achievement (K)not: Whiteness and 'Black Underachievement'\ (Linda C. Powell); (2) \White Experimenters, White Blood, and Other White Conditions: Locating the Psychologist's Race\ (Jill G. Morawski); (3) \Differences in a Minor Key: Some Modulations of History, Memory, and Community\ (Deborah P. Britzman); (4) \Behind Blue Eyes: Whiteness and Contemporary U.S. Racial Politics\ (Howard Winant); (5) \Witnessing Whiteness\ (Michelle Fine); (6) \White Out: Multicultural Performances in a Progressive School\ (Virginia Chalmers); (7) \Underground Discourses: Exploring Whiteness in Teacher Education\ (Pearl M. Rosenberg); (8) \Resisting Diversity: An Alaskan Case of Institutional Struggle\ (Perry Gilmore, David M. Smith, and Apacuar Larry Kairaiuak); (9) \The Art of Survival in White…

Cowdery, Kelly; Eliason, Jennifer; Grantham, Ashley; Jaeger, Audrey J.; Mitchall, Allison; O'Meara, KerryAnn; Zhang, Jingjing (2017). Push and Pull: The Influence of Race/Ethnicity on Agency in Doctoral Student Career Advancement. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, v10 n3 p232-252 Sep. This study examined and enriched our understanding of the career choice process for doctoral students of color in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. In addition, it explored the challenges facing all doctoral students in STEM in understanding and making meaning of diversity as it relates to individual perspectives and actions. We used an agency theoretical framework to explore career-related decisions of doctoral students. This framework captured how students "navigate, negotiate, reframe, and act" during the career decision-making process of a doctoral program…. [Direct]

Kaufman, Michael J. (2019). Badges and Incidents: A Transdisciplinary History of the Right to Education in America. Cambridge Studies on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties. Cambridge University Press In "Badges and Incidents," Michael J. Kaufman undertakes an interdisciplinary investigation of American education law and pedagogy. By weaving together the invaluable insights of law, education, history, political science, economics, psychology, and neuroscience, this book illuminates the ways in which the design of the American educational system does not reflect how human beings live and learn. It examines the principles of the nation's Founders and demonstrates how a distorted presentation of the Founders' views curtailed the development of a truly democratic educational system. The influence of this distortion on several critical Supreme Court decisions is exposed, and these decisions have largely failed to facilitate the educational system the Founders envisioned. By placing contemporary challenges in context and endorsing social constructivist pedagogy as the best path forward, Kaufman's study will prove invaluable to advocates of equity in education, helping them… [Direct]

Keller, George, Ed. (1997). The Best of Planning for Higher Education: An Anthology of Articles from the Premier Journal in Higher Education Planning. This anthology contains selections from \Planning for Higher Education,\ the quarterly journal of the Society for College and University Planning. Following the preface, the second section, \Coming Changes in Academe,\ contains these articles: (1) \Designing Colleges for Greater Learning\ (Ernest Pascarella and Patrick Terenzini, v20 n3); (2) \The Changing Milieu for Education Planning\ (George Keller, v23 n2); (3) \Look Who's Coming to College\ (Vivian Center Selzer, v19 n2); (4) \Rethinking Affirmative Action on Campus\ (George R. La Noue, v24 n1); (5) \Distancing Your College Courses\ (Deborah Allen Carey, v24 n4); (6) \A Pioneer in High-Tech Instruction\ (Gary Judd and Laura Tanski, v25 n3); (7) \Coming Soon: Alternatives to Tenure\ (Richard Chait, v25 n4); (8) \Attracting Blacks into Engineering\ (Phyllis Denbo and Saul K. Fenster, v19 n4); (9) \Promoting Equality for Women in Academe\ (Barbara Sylvia, v19 n3); (10) \Education's New Academic Work Force\ (David Leslie and Judith… [PDF]

(2005). Chronicle of Higher Education. Volume 51, Number 18, January 7, 2005. Chronicle of Higher Education, v51 n18 Jan. "Chronicle of Higher Education" presents an abundant source of news and information for college and university faculty members and administrators. This January 7, 2005 issue of "Chronicle of Higher Education" includes the following articles: (1) "College Presidents Must Take Charge of College Sports" (Cowen, Scott S.); (2) "Colleges Need to Give Students Intensive Care" (Shelley, Phillip H.); (3) "A Hollow Victory at the Expense of Our Military" (Bashman, Howard J.); (4) "Striking down the Solomon Amendment on Military Recruiting: A Blow for Academic Freedom" (Mach, Daniel); (5) "Information Literacy Makes All the Wrong Assumptions" (Wilder, Stanley); (6) "An Unsettled Forecast for Global Warming" (Scully, Malcolm G.); (7) "Don Quixote at 400: Still Conquering Hearts" (Stavans, Ilan); (8) "From a Colonial Past to a New Multiculturalism" (Gilroy, Paul); (9) "The Humanities for…

(2004). Chronicle of Higher Education. Volume 50, Number 30, April 2, 2004. Chronicle of Higher Education, v50 n30 Apr. "Chronicle of Higher Education" presents an abundant source of news and information for college and university faculty members and administrators. This April 2, 2004 issue of "Chronicle for Higher Education" includes the following articles: (1) "Black Colleges and the Politics of Race" (Samuels, Albert L.); (2) "The First Step on a Long March" (Kluger Richard); (3) "Do You Know What It Means to Find Peace in Queens?" (Monaghan, Peter); (4) "A Fascist Philosopher Helps Us Understand Contemporary Politics" (Wolfe, Alan); (5) "Who Should Pay the Bill for a Private Education?" (Blaney, Dorothy); (6) "Business Curricula Should Integrate Liberal-Arts and Vocational Skills" (Sharpe, Norean Radke; Prichett, Gordon D.); (7) "Now Is the Time to Start Studying the Internet Age" (Cole, Jeffrey); (8) "Thwarting Misbehavior in the Classroom" (Perlmutter, David D.); (9) "The Real Lessons of a… [Direct]

Cokley, Kevin; Jones, Leonie; Moran-Jackson, Karen; Obaseki, Victor; Vohra-Gupta, Shetal (2016). College Access Improves for Black Students but for Which Ones?. Phi Delta Kappan, v97 n5 p43-48 Feb. The challenges for increasing opportunities and college access for black students typically focus on the traditional barriers related to academic preparation, the racial gap in standardized test scores, and dropping out of high school. While these challenges remain, new and emerging challenges to college access are also important to discuss. They involve taking a closer look at the diversity and heterogeneity within the black population as well as closely examining the push to make state schools more elite…. [Direct]

Savas, Gokhan (2014). Understanding Critical Race Theory as a Framework in Higher Educational Research. British Journal of Sociology of Education, v35 n4 p506-522. This paper reviews the existing literature to discuss how critical race theory has been applied as a theoretical framework to higher educational research in the United States and what its contributions are. To provide necessary context, I will discuss race and racism in the United States, the background of US higher education in relation to race, the emergence of critical race theory and its application in US higher education…. [Direct]

Austin, Ashley; Craig, Shelley L.; McInroy, Lauren B. (2016). Toward Transgender Affirmative Social Work Education. Journal of Social Work Education, v52 n3 p297-310. Social work has professional and academic standards consistent with transgender affirmative education and practice. Nevertheless, a growing body of research suggests that transgender issues are largely absent from social work education, resulting in practitioners who are uninformed or biased against transgender issues. The present study expands the literature through a mixed methods study exploring perceptions of transgender issues in social work education from the perspectives of transgender social work students (n = 97). Quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal barriers to transgender affirmative social work education including (1) transphobic microaggressions within classroom and field settings, (2) the absence of transgender specific education and expertise, and (3) the general lack of visibility of transgender issues. Recommendations for transgender affirmative social work education are provided…. [Direct]

(2021). Freedom to Learn: Amending the Higher Education Act. Policy Proposal. National Association of Scholars The National Association of Scholars believes that higher education should gather scholars and students to cultivate excellence and pursue the truth, transmit the heritage of Western civilization to a new generation, prepare cultured and virtuous citizens, and train students for vocational success. American colleges and universities should embody academic excellence and foster it in their students. Institutions of higher education should strive to make their classes affordable, so as to make higher education accessible for any qualified student. This policy guide provides a guideline of 40 detailed suggestions for legislative reforms. These initiatives, if enacted by Congress, would encourage reform of America's costly, politicized, and dysfunctional system of higher education. The report is comprised of the following sections: (1) Finances; (2) Rights; (3) America; (4) Equality; (5) Regulatory Reform; and (6) Additional Proposals…. [PDF]

Flintoff, Anne; Prat, Maria; Puig, N√∫ria; Soler, Susanna (2017). Implementing Gender Equity Policies in a University Sport Organization: Competing Discourses from Enthusiasm to Resistance. Quest, v69 n2 p276-289. Gender policies in sports have expanded considerably in most countries in recent decades. Nevertheless, the implementation of these policies in sports organizations is by no means an automatic process. This article explores what happens when gender equity policies are applied in an university sports organization. Participatory action research over a four-year period was developed by the authors to increase the participation of women, and it also aimed to explore the perceptions and thoughts of key actors regarding equity actions. The analysis shows the participation numbers in the specific promotional campaign and reveals a wide range of responses among staff, ranging from enthusiasm and interest to resistance and fear. Gender equity actions often encounter resistance which cannot, and should not, be ignored. This article highlights certain forms of resistance that proposals of this kind should be prepared for…. [Direct]

(1998). Legal Rights in Education: Pendulum Swings. Papers [of the] Education Law Association (ELA) Annual Conference (44th, Charleston, South Carolina, November 19-21, 1998). This document is a collection of 32 1998 Education Law Association conference papers. The collection includes the following papers: "The More We Change: Meeting the Requirements of Unitary Status" (Angela M. Sewall and Ann E. Witcher); "Everything You Need To Know about Discipline of Students with Disabilities" (David T. Duff, Allan Osborne, Jr., and Perry A. Zirkel); "Law and Practice: The Testing and Assessment of Students with Disabilities" (Diana Pullin); "Mediation in Education: Annual Update" (Steven S. Goldberg and Ed Mills); "Trying To Read the Courts on Religion in the Schools: Mapping Our Way into the New Millennium" (Frances R. A. Paterson); "E-Mail and Open Meeting Laws" (Thomas Carroll and C. Robert Heath); "The Law Governing Sexual Harassment in Public Schools" (Nelda Cambron-McCabe, Martha McCarthy, Julie Underwoood, and L. Dean Webb); "Student Suicide: Legal Ramifications for Educators and…

(2018). State of Higher Education for Latinx in California. Campaign for College Opportunity The State of Higher Education in California is a series of reports by the Campaign for College Opportunity that provide comprehensive data on the current state of college access and completion for our state and what it means for our economy. This report analyzes the state of Latinx in California education. Specifically, this report reviews preparation, enrollment, and success in college for Latinx Californians. It also recommends actions that our policymakers and college leaders can take in order to improve college enrollment and graduation rates. This report on Latinx is the first in the 2018-19 State of Higher Education in California series. [Additional funding for this report was provided by the Mayer & Morris Kaplan Family Foundation.]… [PDF]

Erwin, Ben; Thomsen, Jennifer (2021). Addressing Inequities in Higher Education. Policy Guide. Education Commission of the States Although diversity in higher education has continued to increase over the past 20 years, colleges and universities continue to enroll Black, Latinx and American Indian students in bachelor's programs at low rates; additionally, more selective institutions and high-demand fields of study are less likely to enroll these students, and they often are not afforded the supports and services that can help them finish college or obtain a degree. These disparities have a significant impact on the long-term employment outcomes for students, and they maintain a racial and ethnic wealth gap — both problematic scenarios for state policymakers looking to build a prepared workforce and resilient economy. This Policy Guide explores various types of barriers that these students face in: (1) College readiness. This includes inadequate access to advanced coursework, counseling and financial aid resources that prepare students for college or university; (2) Transitions to college. Black, Latinx and… [PDF]

Descamps, Jorge; Hernandez, Norma G. (1986). Involving Mexican Americans in Higher Education: An Untapped Potential. A review of over 500 research studies identified 3 factors influencing the ability of Mexican American students to profit from the instruction currently available in United States colleges and universities: (1) a different language; (2) a different economic situation; and (3) a different response to social and personal interactions. Based on these factors, recommendations can be made for changing universities into pluralistic institutions. Institutions must implement an affirmative plan of action that insures equal education. Every effort must be made to provide financial assistance to capable Mexican American students. Cultural and linguistic values held by Mexican Americans should be positively reflected in the educational environment. A climate characterized by warm, personalized interactions with special attention given to the learning style of Mexican Americans must permeate the institution. A strong assistance program must help the districts decrease the underachievement of…

Ota, Akiko; Smith, Michael J. (2013). Matching International Enthusiasm with Diversity Commitment. Journal of College Admission, n218 p16-21 Win. It will come as no surprise to most admission professionals that enrollment pressures related to the economic downturn of the last five years have placed American postsecondary education in the middle of a spinning plate, slipping and sliding as it tries to accommodate more students with fewer financial resources from federal and state governments, as well as the challenge [PDF]

Maramba, Dina C.; Sul√®, V. Thandi; Winkle-Wagner, Rachelle (2014). When Race Disappears: College Admissions Policy Discourse in the State of Texas. Educational Policy, v28 n4 p516-546 Jul. What happens to race in public discussions about "race-neutral" college admissions policies? This article shows how race disappeared from elite political debate during hearings on Texas Senate Bill 175 (2009), the Top Ten Percent Plan (the Plan), which guaranteed college admissions to high school graduates from the top 10% of their classes. Findings indicated that race disappeared from the discussion of college admissions policy in Texas. Instead, policy makers emphasized students' opportunity to compete for college admissions ignoring that the opportunities for and impediments to success at different high schools varied widely across the state. The implication of these findings is that as policy becomes race neutral, discourse also becomes "colorblind" potentially disguising structural and secondary school inequalities…. [Direct]

Chan, Adrian (1980). A Self-Help Alternative in Student Legal Services Clinics. National surveys reveal that citizens of all age groups, from school age to adult, are ignorant about the law and its practical use in daily life. The advocate counseling model is an integrative approach combining the elements of legal research and therapeutic counseling in order to teach and guide individuals or groups with institutional problems to act as advocate for themselves affirmatively and assertively. Teaching clients to gain maximum control over their lives is the central goal of the model which utilizes certain aspects of therapeutic counseling, including empathy, problem-solving techniques, decision-making strategies, and provision of an atmosphere of affirmative and assertive actions. As clients develop their self-esteem through this process, they are taught the legal research aspect, i.e., the organization of facts and the documentation of incidents with institutions and their personnel who have caused them grief or injury. Assumptions from therapeutic and advocate…

Garces, Liliana M. (2014). Aligning Diversity, Quality, and Equity: The Implications of Legal and Public Policy Developments for Promoting Racial Diversity in Graduate Studies. American Journal of Education, v120 n4 p457-480 Aug. Diversity today is considered central to the capacity of postsecondary institutions to thrive in an increasingly multiracial and multiethnic society. However, as universities take steps to reap the educational benefits of racial and ethnic diversity, legal decisions and state laws increasingly restrict the tools these institutions have historically implemented to further this goal. This article provides an overview of these legal and public policy developments and considers their implications for future policies aimed at achieving racial and ethnic diversity in graduate studies. The author emphasizes the need for institutions to reframe the ways concepts of diversity, equity, and quality are perceived and enacted through admissions policies…. [Direct]