(2010). Promoting Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Faculty: What Higher Education Unions Can Do. American Federation of Teachers (NJ) By any measure, the representation of racially and ethnically underrepresented groups in the ranks of college and university faculty is disproportionately low compared with the general population or with the demographics of the undergraduate and graduate student populations, who are the training pool for higher education. In 2005-2006, approximately 5.4 percent of all tenure-eligible and contingent faculty members were African-American, 4.5 percent were Hispanic, and 0.04 percent were Native American, even though these groups represented, respectively, 12 percent, 14 percent and 0.8 percent of the total U.S. population. Despite administrators and faculty members around the country expressing strong support for improving faculty diversity, there has not been significant movement on the diversity front. To understand the challenge of increasing faculty diversity, it is important to look at the educational pathway along with hiring and retention practices. Without a more diverse… [PDF]
(2009). Fifth Annual "Brown" Lecture in Education Research: The "Brown" Legacy and the O'Connor Challenge–Transforming Schools in the Images of Children's Potential. Educational Researcher, v38 n3 p169-180. The gap between Blacks and Whites in educational outcomes has narrowed dramatically over the past 60 years, but progress stopped around 1990. The author reviews research suggesting that increasing the quantity and quality of schooling can play a powerful role in overcoming racial inequality. To achieve that goal, he reasons, our knowledge of best instructional practice should drive our conceptions of teachers' work, teachers' expertise, school leadership, and parent involvement. The research agenda supporting this paradigm connects developmental science to instructional practice and school organization and requires close collaboration between practitioners and researchers in a relentless commitment to provide superb educational opportunities to children whose future success depends most strongly on schooling. (Contains 4 notes.)… [Direct]
(2007). Conservative Public Interest Litigation. Academic Questions, v20 n3 p246-250 Sep. The idea that lawsuits can move a public as well as a legal agenda is not new. In recent years, conservatives have brought high profile lawsuits designed both to vindicate the rights of an individual plaintiff and to educate the public about an important issue. For example, lawsuits filed nearly 10 years ago against the University of Michigan's race-based admissions system eventually led to the successful passage of the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative in 2006, which amended the Michigan Constitution to ban the use of racial preferences. Terence Pell recounts the legal effort and the effects, both intended and unintended, that it had on Michigan institutions and public thinking…. [Direct]
(2009). "Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1": An Overview with Reflections for Urban Schools. Education and Urban Society, v41 n5 p529-543. In "Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1," a highly contentious and divided Supreme Court invalidated race-conscious admissions plans in two urban school systems, Seattle and Louisville. As such, "Parents Involved" was the latest chapter in the Court's almost 40-year history of reaching mixed results in such far-reaching areas involving race-conscious remedies as admissions to higher education, employment in the general workforce and in education, minority set aside programs, and voting rights. In light of the impact that Supreme Court cases on race-conscious remedies have in education, particularly in urban settings, this article first reviews the opinions of the Supreme Court's justices in "Parents Involved" because of its potentially far-reaching effect. The second part of the article reflects on the meaning of "Parents Involved."… [Direct]
(1978). Comment on the Bakke Decision. Personnel Administrator, 23, 8, 26-8, Aug 78. …
(2007). Resituating Race into the Movement toward Multiculturalism and Social Justice. New Directions for Student Services, n120 p85-93 Win. A historical perspective is offered to explain how race has declined in significance as higher education and student affairs have moved toward multicultural social justice. Educators and administrators are urged to reconsider race and racism in dialogues, programs, policies, and institutional change efforts…. [Direct]
(2008). Monitoring Faculty Diversity: The Need for a More Granular Approach. Journal of Higher Education, v79 n4 p365-387 Jul-Aug. As described in the 2003 Supreme Court decision on \Grutter v. Bollinger,\ the newly embraced conceptualization of diversity as \diversity within all disciplines\ requires a renewed effort on the part of educators to determine whether universities are fulfilling their missions of achieving faculty diversity. A related and equally important question is whether current approaches for monitoring and measuring faculty diversity in higher educational settings have the capacity to assess progress toward diversity within all disciplines deemed to be part of the nation's citizenry. Following a review of current approaches for monitoring faculty diversity, including federally recommended utilization analyses, the author proposes a new approach and demonstrates its applicability on real data from a university setting. The author then compares results from the new approach to results from a series of utilization analyses. The comparison reveals limitations of the utilization analysis approach… [Direct]
(2007). Native Mascots and Ethnic Fraud in Higher Education: Using Tribal Critical Race Theory and the Interest Convergence Principle as an Analytic Tool. Equity & Excellence in Education, v40 n1 p3-13 Jan. This article examines one university's policies regarding Native mascots and ethnic fraud through a Tribal Critical Race Theory analytic lens. Using the principle of interest convergence, we argue that institutions of higher education allow and even work actively towards a particular form or level of diversity, but they do not extend it far enough. Once racial remedies no longer hold value or benefit the institution itself, the status quo is maintained. Ultimately, the university has an interest in "celebrating" diversity and supporting superficial multiculturalism, but it does not have an interest in critical, social justice-oriented policies that challenge the status quo, the current racial order, or the institution's privilege and power. (Contains 12 notes.)… [Direct]
(2007). Children of Alumni Are Uniquely Harmed by Admissions Preferences, Study Finds. Chronicle of Higher Education, v53 n31 pA28 Apr. This article reports the findings of a new study conducted by the two researchers at Princeton University, Douglas S. Massey and Margarita Mooney. The study was based on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen, which covers about 3,900 students who entered 28 public and private selective colleges in the fall of 1999. The study found that the children of alumni–commonly known as \legacies\–are far more likely than minority students or athletes to run into academic trouble in college if admissions preferences got them through the door. The further a selective college lowers the bar for a given legacy applicant–as measured by the gap between that applicant's grade-point average and the mean for that institution–the lower the grade-point average the student is likely to earn, according to a paper written by the researchers. What's more, those selective colleges that are the most committed to admitting the children of alumni have the highest dropout rates among such… [Direct]
(2007). Race and Diversity in Higher Education: An Examination of Race-Based Admission and Its Alternatives. College and University, v82 n2 p25-30. This work reviews race-based admission and its alternatives, as well as the benefits of diversity on college campuses. This entails an overview of the research regarding the effectiveness of class-based approaches to achieving diversity and evidence of the importance of establishing a critical mass of persons of color at predominately white institutions. The essay concludes with a discussion of the sociopolitical impacts these strategies currently hold in efforts to achieve diversity on campuses, their effects upon attainment for and life outcomes of the targeted populations, and the future of race-based approaches to higher education…. [Direct]
(2008). Capitalizing on Change: The Discursive Framing of Diversity in U.S. Land-Grant Universities. Equity & Excellence in Education, v41 n2 p182-199 Apr. Using policy discourse analysis, the author analyzed 21 diversity action plans issued at 20 U.S. land-grant universities over a five-year period to identify images of diversity and the problems and solutions represented in diversity action plans. Discourses of marketplace, excellence, managerialism, and democracy emerged and served to construct images of the diverse individual as a commodity, entrepreneur, and change agent. These findings suggest that the dominance of the marketplace discourse may situate the diverse individual as a resource to be exploited and inspire entrepreneurial endeavors rather than change-making activism. Diversity action plans in their current form may unintentionally undermine the achievement of their equity goals. (Contains 1 figure and 8 notes.)… [Direct]
(1978). Proposed EEOC Regulations. Personnel Administrator, v23 n11 p51-54,56-60 Nov. This article explains how proposed Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) regulations attempt to circumvent the case of Weber vs Kaiser Aluminum Corp. by providing employers with backpay immunity in reverse discrimination suits. (Author)…
(1985). Determining Catch-Up Time of Demographic Subgroups in Jury, Educational, or Work Situations. Journal of Intergroup Relations, v13 n1 p53-54 Spr. Presents a formula for determining catch-up time in cases of alleged discrimination in education, work, and other situations. Defines "catch-up time" as the number of years that would be required for a specific subgroup in the general population to assume a desired proportion of the total composition of the targeted group. (KH)…
(2007). Identifying a Diverse Student Body: Selective College Admissions and Alternative Approaches. New Directions for Student Services, n118 p17-30 Sum. This chapter explores alternative solutions for selective institutions of higher education to reach beyond their traditional admission measures and identify diverse students who might otherwise not be selected by traditional admission criteria…. [Direct]
(1976). The Regents of the University of California v. Allan Bakke. Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the Supreme Court of the State of California. The question addressed in this petition for a writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court is "When only a small fraction of thousands of applicants can be admitted, does the equal protection clause forbid a state university professional school faculty from voluntarily seeking to counteract effects of generations of pervasive discrimination against discrete and insular minorities by establishing a limited special admissions program that increases opportunities for well-qualified members of such racial and ethnic minorities?" The case of the Regents of the University of California v. Allan Bakke is presented with a full statement of the case, and an account of the constitutional provision involved (the Fourteenth Amendment). Appendices include the trial court opinion, findings and judgment. (PR)…