(1986). Women in the Work Force: Supreme Court Issues. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Employment Opportunities of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, Second Session. This U.S. Congressional hearing, chaired by Representative Matthew G. Martinez (California), focuses on women in the work force. Issues, such as equal participation, pay, and advancement, along with sex discrimination and sexual harassment, are addressed. Testimony and written statements were presented by representatives from District of Columbia based institutions and organizations. Those representatives who gave speeches included: (1) Sarah E. Burns, Assistant Director, Georgetown University Law Center, Sex Discrimination Clinic; (2) Lorence Kessler, Attorney McGuiness & Williams; (3) Jill Emery, Acting Director, Women's Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor; (4) Nancy Krieter, Research Director, Women Employed Institute; (5) Marcia D. Greenberger, Managing Attorney, National Women's Law Center; (6) Cynthia Marano, Executive Director, Wider Opportunities for Women; and (7) Claudia Withers, Staff Attorney, Women's Legal Defense Fund. Written statements were also provided by: (1)… [PDF]

Linthicum, Dorothy S. (1989). The Dry Pipeline: Increasing the Flow of Minority Faculty. This paper underscores the importance of increasing the number of minority faculty at community colleges, cites examples of programs currently being conducted to achieve this objective, and suggests actions to be taken by community leaders and educators. Section I reviews reasons for concern about achieving a significant presence of minority faculty on two-year college campuses and considers demographic and economic trends that make it imperative that educational opportunities for minorities be expanded. Section II examines the numbers, percentages, and positions of minority faculty employed in higher education, indicating that, in 1985, 90% of the full-time faculty were White, 4% were Black, 4% were Asian, 2% were Hispanic, and less than 1% were Native American. Section III reviews statistics on the participation of minorities in higher education, indicating that between 1976 and 1986, there was an almost 5% decline in the percentage of Black youth and over a 6% decline in the… [PDF]

Rookstool, Carol (1984). A Study of the Responses of the Nine Campuses of the Los Angeles Community College District to the California Community Colleges Campus Self-Assessment Sex Equity Survey, 1982-83. A study was conducted to summarize the numerical and narrative data available from the Los Angeles Community College District (LACCD) responses to the "California Community Colleges Campus Self-Assessment Sex Equity Survey of 1983" regarding the district's progress toward achieving 29 sex equity goals mandated by federal and state guidelines. The study sought to provide the LACCD and its nine campuses with: (1) district and campus summaries of progress on the designated goals; (2) a district comparison to statewide progress on the goals; (3) identification of individuals responsible for goal achievement, special resources, and requests for technical assistance within the LACCD; and (4) recommendations for planning within the district. The study found that the LACCD was making progress at a rate equal to or better than the statewide achievement on 18 of the 29 goals; that 21 requests were made for technical assistance; and that among the colleges in the district the number…

Bergmann, Barbara R. (1978). Labor Market Data Needs Relating to Antidiscrimination Activities. Project on the Economics of Discrimination. The utilization of data in combatting employment discrimination against women and minorities is reviewed in this paper. Suggestions are made for changes which would allow better use of data in formulating national policy and in enforcing the laws and executive orders against discrimination. For purposes of overall policy formation, emphasis is put on providing better information for Hispanics, and in reforming labor turnover data so that they are more revealing of the extent to which discrimination continues. Changes are suggested in the way employment and unemployment data are collected and published, in order to remove biases which minimize the problems of discriminated-against groups. With respect to data collected by the agencies charged with enforcement of anti-discrimination laws and executive orders, it is suggested that there be a shift of emphasis from the collection of data on stocks (numbers of employed) to data on flows (numbers of hires, promotions, separations) by…

(1977). California Women. Special Edition: Title IX. Title IX addresses itself to the elimination of sex discrimination in many of the major areas of education: curriculum, counseling, athletics, extracurricular activities, employee benefits, staffing, and so forth. Primary responsibility for the enforcement of Title IX rests with the Office of Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW). However, each school district, college, and university has the responsibility of developing specific implementation plans. The California Commission on the Status of Women has formed a statewide Title IX Task Force with members representing many city, county, and community commissions on the status of women. The task force is monitoring the implementation of Title IX throughout the state and is providing information to the public on its findings. Reports from some of the task force members are included in this bulletin. Listings of California laws that reinforce and strengthen Title IX, and of federally-funded programs…

Bowie, Nolan A.; Whitehead, John W. (1976). A Study of the Federal Communications Commission's Equal Employment Opportunity Regulation–An Agency in Search of a Standard. This study examines the performance of the Federal Courts and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in monitoring the efforts of broadcasters to guarantee equal employment opportunity, focusing on the use of employment statistics as an indication of effective equal-employment practices. Sections of the study include: court decisions interpreting the FCC's use of employment statistics in renewal proceedings; the FCC's practice in dealing with employment-discrimination allegations before and after the court decisions; Federal Court standards for use of statistics in cases under the 1964 Civil Rights Act; a proposal for use of statistics by the FCC in court cases on employment discrimination; and conclusions of the study that urge more action by the FCC to insure equal employment opportunity in the broadcast industry. Data collected and analyzed in this study appear in appendixes to the text. (RL)…

(1975). Elimination of Sex Discrimination in Athletic Programs. Memorandum to Chief State School Officers, Superintendents of Local Educational Agencies and College and University Presidents. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and the Departmental Regulation (45 CFR Part 86) prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in the operation of most federally-assisted education programs. This document provides guidance with respect to the major first-year responsibilities of an educational institution to insure equal opportunity in the operation of both its athletic activities and its athletic scholarship programs. Discussed is: (1) discrimination on the basis of sex in the operation of any interscholastic, intercollegiate club of intramural athletic program offered by an educational institution; (2) equal opportunity in the provision of athletic scholarships; (3) the requirement that by July 21, 1976 educational institutions evaluate and correct current policies and practices. Also discussed is the need to include in an institutional self-evaluation: (1) a comparison of the requirements of the regulation with current policies; (2) a determination of the interests of… [PDF]

Ravenell, Mildred W. (1978). Issues in Admissions after Bakke. Journal of the National Association of College Admissions Counselors, v23 n1 p12-16 Dec. The author was a member of the joint committee on behalf of the American Council on Education and the Association of American Law Schools, which prepared an interpretive working document on the Bakke decision. This paper was presented at the National Association of College Admissions Counselors, Bal Harbour, Florida, 1978. (Author)…

Sharrow, Conrad (1978). Legal Technicalities and Interpretation of the Bakke Decision. Journal of the National Association of College Admissions Counselors, v23 n1 p17-19 Dec. This paper clarifies several questions regarding the Bakke Decision. It was presented at the special Bakke panel session at the National Association of College Admissions Counselors, Bal Harbour, Florida, 1978. (Author/HMV)…

Fraser, Robert T. (1978). Rehabilitation Job Placement Research. A Trend Perspective. Rehabilitation Literature, v39 n9 p258-64 Sep. The article presents an overview of recent research in the area of rehabilitation job placement for the handicapped. (DLS)…

Roos, Peter D. (1978). Bakke: Some Views. Expansion or Destruction?. Civil Rights Digest, 10, 4, 17-9, Sum 78. This article examines two questions regarding the Bakke decision. First, does the decision really say "yes" to race and "no" to quotas? Second, what criteria, in addition to race, may be used in an admissions program that will advance the cause of minority participation in higher education? (Author/MC)…

Fredericks, Albert G. (1975). Civil Rights–Employment Discrimination–Preferential Minority Treatment as an Appropriate Remedy under Section 703(j) of Title VII. Tennessee Law Review, 42, 2, 397-405, Win 75. Reviews court decisions under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in which, despite Section 703(j), preferential remedial action implemented through numerical formulas is prescribed to improve minority employment opportunities. Concludes the pattern will continue until Congress or the Supreme Court clarifies the subject of preferential minority treatment. (JT)…

Sheeran, Timothy J. (1976). Title VII and Layoffs Under the "Last Hired, First Fired" Seniority Rule: The Preservation of Equal Employment. Case Western Reserve Law Review, 26, 2, 409-82, Win 76. "Last hired, first fired" layoffs threaten gains made by women and minorities in equal employment opportunity under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The author reviews and analyzes legislative and judicial history of Title VII and concludes that, contrary to recent cases, the courts have the power and duty to preserve these gains even in hard times. (Editor/JT)…

Goodman, Carl F. (1977). Equal Employment Opportunity: Preferential Quotas and Unrepresented Third Parties. Public Personnel Management, 6, 6, 371-97, Nov-Dec 77. Considers implications of hiring quotas and examines whether the courts may properly order preferential employment plans where the beneficiaries have not shown particularized injury from discrimination and where individuals disadvantaged by the plans are not represented in court. (Author)…

DiPrete, Thomas A. (1987). The Professionalization of Administration and Equal Employment Opportunity in the U.S. Federal Government. American Journal of Sociology, v93 n1 p119-40 Jul. The results of a statistical analysis of personnel outcomes for 15 federal government agencies showed that upward mobility for women and minorities increased as a result of special programs established to counter trends toward increasing professionalization within the government. (JDH)…

McKinney, William R. (1987). Public Personnel Selection: Issues and Choice Points. Public Personnel Management, v16 n3 p243-57 Fall. The study explored the role of a written selection examination in defining composition of the work force while complying with legislative mandates. Results suggest two general choices exist with regard to personnel selection, (1) raw scores or (2) race and standardized scores. Agencies should consider social and legal implications. (Author/CH)…

Murphy, Joseph S. (1987). Pay Equity: A Civil Rights Issue. Social Policy, v18 n1 p61-2 Sum. The market principle has not worked. Women have long performed work of equal demand as men, but have not been equally compensated for it. Consitutional law prohibits such wage inequities. Society's resources must be more equitably allocated to make up for and correct that unequal treatment. (PS)…

Thurman, Alfonzo (1984). Budget as a Factor in the Institutionalization of Educational Opportunity Programs. Journal of Equal Educational Opportunity, v2 n1 p26-32 Fall. Examined (1) whether educational opportunity programs (EOP) designed for disadvantaged students were proactive or reactive in their responses to students' needs, (2) whether institutions \institutionalized\ this support by providing funds from the base budget, and (3) the degree of institutional funding before and after Federal monies were made available for EOP services. (Author/GC)…

Weeks, Kent M. (1985). Equal Pay: The Emerging Terrain. Journal of College and University Law, v12 n1 p41-60 Sum. Colleges and universities can employ several statutory defenses to alleged pay disparities and demonstrate that there are legitimate reasons for pay differentials. Several preventive strategies in response to the emerging legal terrain of equal pay litigation are suggested. (Author/MLW)…

Novick, Melvin R.; Petersen, Nancy S. (1976). Towards Equalizing Educational and Employment Opportunity. Journal of Educational Measurement, 13, 1, 77-88, Spr 76. The authors comment and provide an updated statement of their views on the four preceding articles which deal with the fair use of tests in educational and employment selection. (Author/DEP)…

Lee, Edgar K.; Marin, Patricia (2003). Appearance and Reality in the Sunshine State: The Talented 20 Program in Florida. In 1999, Florida implemented the One Florida Initiative, a plan to end race-conscious decision making in employment, contracting, and higher education. The proposal for higher education was to replace race-conscious admissions with the Talented 20 Program, a policy that in theory would increase access for underrepresented students without considering race. This report discusses the history of the Talented 20 policy, compares popular descriptions of the plan to its actual structure, and examines whether the Talented 20 policy is as effective as suggested. Data come from interviews with key staff at five Florida State University System campuses and with state education and government agencies; review of public documents and statewide and institution specific data; and school data. To provide a complete picture of the circumstances in Florida, the report looks at the realities of the state's demographics and relevant school and higher education data showing the broad pattern of… [PDF]

(1982). Norway: Equality for Women. Western European Education, v14 n1-2 p25-26 Spr-Sum. Describes a Norwegian government program to improve the status of women throughout the educational system. A quota system has been established to increase female student participation in school and university training programs, where women have historically been underrepresented. The number of female elementary and secondary teachers and inspectors has grown. (AM)…

Tobias, Sheila (1981). The Mathematics Filter. National Forum: Phi Kappa Phi Journal, v61 n4 p17-18 Fall. Of the several barriers to women in the professions–discrimination at entry level, limited opportunities for advanced study, limited advancement, role conflict, and role socialization–lack of motivation to persist in the study of mathematics and mathematics-related subjects is one that can be prevented and cured. (MLW)…

Brown, Charles (1980). A Note on the Determination of "Acceptable" Performance in Thorndike's Standard of Fair Selection. Journal of Educational Measurement, v17 n3 p203-09 Fall. The determination of acceptable performance in Thorndike's constant ratio standard of fair selection is considered. It is shown that suitable choice of acceptable performance can make any minority-majority selection disparity consistent with Thorndike's standard. A rule for determining acceptable performance which avoids the Petersen-Novick paradox is proposed. (Author/RD)…

Howe, Richard (1980). Retrenchment Policies and Practices: A Summary. Journal of the College and University Personnel Association, v31 n3-4 p136-47 Fall-Win. The data results and the findings on retrenchment for all of the four major Carnegie Classifications of institutions combined are summarized. Data on current retrenchment policies and practices were reported from 40 percent of the institutions participating in a College and University Personnel Association study. (MLW)…

Frank, James; And Others (1981). The Problem of the Black Administrator. AGB Reports, v23 n1 p20-25 Jan-Feb. To get better minority representation in administration, several problems must be solved, starting with better access down below. Lingering racist attitudes must be overcome, and more effective training and orientation provided. The historically Black institutions have a key role to play. (Author/MLW)…

Brunner, Nancy R. (1981). Blue-Collar Women. Personnel Journal, v60 n4 p279-82 Apr. Describes a model integration process whereby personnel managers can deal effectively with the accelerated movement of women into nontraditional blue-collar jobs. (SK)…

Finnigan, John J. (1979). Higher Education and Equal Protection. University of Cincinnati Law Review, v48 n3 p738-53. While the Court reached the right result in "Bakke," the opinions rendered reveal no clear legal guidelines for dealing with reverse discrimination. Available from the Law Review, University of Cincinnati College of Law, Room 12, Taft Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221; sc $4.00. (Author)…

Bakaly, Charles G.; Krischer, Gordon E. (1979). "Bakke": Its Impact on Public Employment Discrimination. Employee Relations Law Journal, v4 n4 p471-84 Spr. As a result of the Bakke case, it may be expected that the use of inflexible goals and quotas based on racial preference will diminish, at least in those cases in which there has been no official finding of past discrimination. Available from Executive Enterprises Publications Co., Inc., 33 West 60th Street, New York, New York 10023; $48.00/year. (Author/IRT)…

Banghart, Frank W.; And Others (1976). A Model for Setting Realistic Numerical Goals for Hiring Minorities and Women in a State University System. Educational Planning, 3, 2, 30-38, Oct 76. Describes the first phase of a four-phase model. This phase is a simple interactive computer model for setting staff mix \target objectives.\ (Author/IRT)…