Thernstrom, Abigail (2000). Race-Based Programs and Good Schooling. Society, v37 n5 p44-46 Jul-Aug. Reviews the College Board's report, "Reaching the Top," which addresses educational underrepresentation of high-achieving minority students, suggesting that race-based programs are usually just a quick fix and asserting that until minorities are seen as equals, they will not be viewed as individuals, and until color takes a back seat to individuality, true racial equality (and thus integration) will remain an elusive dream. (SM)…

Petersdorf, Robert G.; And Others (1990). Minorities in Medicine: Past, Present, and Future. Academic Medicine, v65 n11 p663-70 Nov. This paper discusses changes in U.S. minority populations, factors affecting the attempt to achieve minority parity in medicine, the current status of minorities in medical training (including educational debt) and on medical faculties, and remedies for institutions' lack of success in achieving parity. (Author/DB)…

Leatherman, Courtney (1989). Law-School Students Protest Scarcity of Female and Minority Professors. Chronicle of Higher Education, v35 n32 pA32 Apr 19. In a nationwide strike, law students demonstrated and boycotted classes to protest lack of racial and ethnic diversity in law faculties. Students see female and minority faculty as mentors, and feel the shortage of lawyers serving the minority population will increase without minority faculty to prepare them for that role. (MSE)…

Young, William C. (1989). Too Few Black Americans in Vocational Education. Vocational Education Journal, v64 n3 p12,14 Apr. The author discusses the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Black Americans in Vocational Education as a vehicle for increasing vocational training among Blacks. He reports results of a survey that determined percentages of Black teachers and leaders in vocational education by state. (CH)…

Bolick, Clint (1988). Legal and Policy Aspects of Testing. Journal of Vocational Behavior, v33 n3 p320-30 Dec. Argues that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 has turned into a retreat from nondiscrimination and counsels new approach to determining job-relatedness. Suggests that preferential treatment efforts may have devastating consequences for purported beneficiaries. Suggests specific policy initiatives for improving economic opportunities for minorities. (NB)…

Diubaldo, Donald (1994). Employment Equity: Some Career Issues. Guidance & Counselling, v9 n5 p8-10 May. Despite the gains that have been made in employment equity in recent years, women may still feel a need for further progress. This study examines the responses of a sample of men and women teachers to an employment equity questionnaire and provides some suggestions for counseling women developing life career goals and plans. (Author)…

Jaschik, Scott (1995). "No" on Black Scholarships. Chronicle of Higher Education, v41 n38 pA25,29 Jun 2. The Supreme Court will not consider an appeal of a lower-court ruling invalidating a black-only scholarship program at the University of Maryland at College Park. Reaction among colleges and universities is mixed; many are seeking ways for scholarship programs to favor minorities without excluding whites. (MSE)…

Kossek, Ellen Ernst; Zonia, Susan C. (1994). The Effects of Race and Ethnicity on Perceptions of Human Resource Policies and Climate Regarding Diversity. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, v8 n3 p319-34 Jul. Studies faculty reactions to diversity enhancement efforts at a large public university. Finds that whites' attitudes were less positive regarding policies relevant to women and minorities than blacks', Hispanics', and Asians' attitudes were. Finds individual race and ethnicity explained differences in attitudes toward diversity programs better than the demography of the organizational work unit. (SR)…

Peters, George F.; And Others (1993). Report and Recommendations of the AATG Committee for the Recruitment and Retention of Minorities in German. Unterrichtspraxis, v26 n1 p97-98 Spr. This report describes the activities and lists the recommendations for further action submitted to the American Association of Teachers of German executive council in February 1993 by the ad hoc committee on the recruitment and retention of minorities in German. (LET)…

Gilliland, J. Richard (1991). Diversifying Leadership in Community Colleges. New Directions for Community Colleges, n74 p93-101 Sum. Discusses practical and theoretical reasons to support work force diversity; ways that leadership diversity strengthens an organization; progress toward leadership diversification in higher education and the private sector; stages of the leadership diversity cycle; and leadership diversification efforts at Metropolitan Community College in Nebraska. (DMM)… [Direct]

Hernandez, Sandra (1999). Low Score for Collegiate Sports. Black Issues in Higher Education, v16 n14 p18-19 Sep 2. A recent report of Northeastern University's Center for the Study of Sport in Society finds that National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I college and university sports departments are not hiring appropriate numbers of minorities and women, especially in such positions as athletic directors and coaches. In contrast, minorities are continuing to make inroads in professional sports, especially basketball. (DB)…

(1999). The Court of Public Opinion: The Ford Foundation Campus Diversity Initiative Survey of Voters on Diversity in Education and an Interview with Edgar Beckham. Equity & Excellence in Education, v32 n2 p17-23 Sep. Reports on a study of attitudes of U.S. voters regarding diversity and diversity education in higher education based on telephone interviews with 2,011 voters. The majority support diversity education in general and specific programs under this heading. Support is strongest among 18- to 30-year olds and self-described liberals. (SLD)…

Gurin, Patricia (1999). Expert Report. "Gratz et al. v. Bollinger, et al." No. 97-75321 (E.D. Mich.); "Grutter, et al. v. Bollinger, et al." No. 97-75928 (E.D. Mich.). Equity & Excellence in Education, v32 n2 p36-62 Sep. Conducted a series of analyses of existing data, not collected for the University of Michigan's litigation, on diversity in higher education. These data consistently confirm that racial diversity and student involvement in activities related to diversity have strong and direct effects on learning. Students may be most affected by what they learn from their peers. (SLD)…

Zirkel, Perry A. (2000). Introduction: Bakke-Hopwood: Errors or Exaggerations?. Journal of Law and Education, v29 n3 p353-54 Jul. In the July 1999 issue of this journal (EJ 591 141) Philip T. K. Daniel and Kyle Edward Timken contend that the Fifth Circuit "Hopwood" decision overstepped its authority by rejecting Justice Powell's opinion in "Bakke." Introduces article by Michael Rosman (EA 537 542) that takes strong issue with Daniel and Timken contending that they misapprehended the substantive meaning and procedural posture of the case. (Contains 12 footnotes.) (MLF)…

Iannone, Carol (2002). Diversity and the Abolition of Learning. Academic Questions, v16 n1 p39-49 Dec. George W. Bush did signal his views on diversity during his campaign for the presidency, but what he said inexplicably aroused little notice. Campaigning in Miami on 25 August 2000, in a speech devoted to U.S.-Latin American relations, Bush presented a view of America that one would never have thought to hear from the lips of a U.S. presidential candidate, much less a conservative Republican. \We are now one of the largest Spanish-speaking nations in the world,\ W. Bush declared. \For years our nation has debated this change,\ he continued, \some have praised it and others have resented it. By nominating me, my party has made a choice to welcome the new America.\ One can only wonder how a conservative politician, and one who has proven so effective a leader in so many other respects, came to embrace \diversity\ in this meaning. An invaluable new book by Peter W. Wood, \Diversity: The Invention of a Concept,\ gives individuals some insight into the way in which this poison weed came… [Direct]

Melguizo, Tatiana (2007). Latino and African-American Students' Transfer Pathway to Elite Education in California. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, v39 n6 p52-55 Nov-Dec. Transfer is a crucial point in a student's educational pathway since a student who fails to transfer will not be able to attain a bachelor's degree or the benefits that accompany it, such as middle-class status and higher earnings. When members of ethnic minority groups are particularly disadvantaged in reaching their full educational potential, a state like California loses substantial income, since an increasing proportion of its residents will end up in lower-paying jobs that generate lower tax revenues. In this article, the author identifies the main transfer pathways for students to the two most selective public institutions in California, the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). The author focuses on the most selective institutions in the UC system because individuals who attend these types of institutions attain higher graduation rates, higher graduate-school attendance rates, and higher earnings–advantages… [Direct]

Flansburg, Sundra; Hanson, Katherine (1993). Legislation for Change: A Case Study of Title IX and the Women's Educational Equity Act Program. Center for Equity and Cultural Diversity Working Paper 3. This paper uses Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 as a case study to explore the education field and the impact on civil rights legislation dealing with gender. The U.S. record in gender-equity legislation has been mixed, no doubt due in part to the fact that female representation in U.S. legislative bodies has been among the lowest in the world. Title IX is the most extensive U.S. legislation addressing gender equity in education. With the United States entering its third decade under this regulation, Title IX can provide a good study in what legislation can and cannot do to bring about social change. The paper discusses what Title IX is, its origins and context, successes and failures of Title IX, and points to consider when legislating equity. Contains 21 references. (EH)… [PDF]

Griffin, Barbara (1983). Sex-Fair Counseling Practices: A Descriptive Analysis. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 challenged school counselors to provide sex fair guidance and counseling practices. To determine Connecticut counselors' compliance with the law, and to examine factors affecting their compliance, 147 secondary school counselors completed surveys. The questionnaire was designed to examine counseling procedures, programs, and materials used with female students to determine counselors' factual knowledge and attitudes toward women and work, and to determine their attitudes toward the social, educational, and economic roles of women. The results indicated that the majority of counselors possessed above average knowledge of women in the current labor force and endorsed positive attitude statements regarding the roles of women, with females endorsing positive attitudes more often than their male colleagues. The most widely used career inventories and tests included the Kuder Interest Survey and the Strong Campbell Interest Inventory, which…

Morris, Arval A. (1975). Equal Educational Opportunity, Constitutional Uniformity and the "Defunis" Remand. Washington Law Review, 50, 3, 565-95, Jun 75. Analyzes competing definitions of equal educational opportunity and determines that some state courts are required to give affirmative content to the term, but the Fourteenth Amendment is interpreted only as a limitation on state action. Relates this discussion to the inconclusive history of Defunis v. Odegaard regarding racially conditioned law school admissions. (JT)…

Reidhaar, Donald L. (1975). Minority Preference in Student Admissions. Journal of College and University Law, 2, 3, 197-209, Spr 75. Overviews current and recent preferential admissions cases other than DeFunis, particularly Bakke v. the Regents of the University of California, pointing up major issues in racial preferential admissions cases and concluding that universities and their professional schools, not the courts, must fashion and apply admissions policies responsive to educational objectives and needs. (JT)…

Osborne, Nancy Seale (1983). Pre-K-12 Multicultural Education. Making Connections: Racism, Militarism, and Feminism. Young students not impressed in mind and heart by their school's curricula are likely to be influenced by the media with which they amuse themselves. Video arcade games and television suffused with militarism and violence will help them create their own culture and develop their own values. They may begin to believe nothing can be done to ensure the survival of the world. If minorities are invisible in the curriculum, children will believe that difference and otherness must be shunned. Curriculum developers who are willing to reconceptualize have the opportunity to interpret diversity of culture and experience so that children learn from and appreciate their own culture, while at the same time affirming and learning from the cultures of other people. Laying the groundwork for the study of global peace in the classroom assists children in developing strategies for both understanding and survival. (SM)… [PDF]

Hyer, Patricia B. (1984). Assessing Progress in the Status of Women Faculty. This paper reports on the development of a "change index" and its application in evaluating the relative performance of individual doctorate-granting universities in hiring and promoting women faculty. Employee data collected in the annual Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) by the National Center for Educational Statistics was used to develop the index. The final model comprised five variables reflecting percentage change over the base year for the number and the proportion of women faculty, the year for the number and the proportion of faculty, the number of women tenured, the number at full professor rank, and the ratio of male to famale faculty. The index is a relative measure of change experienced by an institution; it facilitates comparisons among institutions. A wide range of institutional performance in hiring and promoting women faculty was revealed by applying the index to HEGIS data for doctorate-granting universities. The index served, also, as…

(1976). Equal Opportunity in Physical Education and Athletics: Chapter 622, Title IX. This pamphlet is designed to help school personnel in Massachusetts achieve equal opportunity in physical education and sports programs for all students, regardless of sex. Answers are provided for some of the most commonly raised questions on this issue: (1) Do the regulations require that all physical education classes be coeducational? (2) Do the regulations require that the physical education curriculum be identical for boys and girls? (3) What constitutes an equitable athletic budget under Massachusetts' Chapter 622 and the Federal government's Title IX? (4) Where are the funds to come from to expand extracurricular sports programs? (5) Why can't top expenditures for one or two sports be justified in terms of gate receipts? (6) What point is there in developing a girls' team in a particular sport if there are no other teams for them to play? (7) In view of equal opportunity regulations, what can prevent boys from trying out for and taking over girls' teams? (8) When differences…

Clement, Annie; Hartman, Betty (1978). The Design and Validation of a Self-Study Guide to Assure Equal Opportunity for Women in Required Secondary School Physical Education Classes. Small Grant. Final Report. The development of an inventory used to investigate the degree of sex equity in secondary school physical education departments is described. The report is in six parts: 1) the development of the conceptual plan; 2) the design and preparation of the inventory; 3) analysis of the inventory by external readers; 4) selection and briefing of field test participants; 5) data gathering and analysis; and 6) recommendations for publication of the inventory and report. Appendices include a copy of the letter sent to the participating schools, a list of the schools involved with the study, and a copy of the survey used to gather reactions to the product. Also included is a list of recommended resources. (LH)… [PDF]

Barnett, Malcolm Joel; Wilkinson, Etta Lou (1976). General Revenue Sharing in St. Louis City and County. Unlike typical Federal catergorical grants which are highly specific, General Revenue Sharing grants (GRS) are free of restrictions or conditions. The Missouri Advisory Committee, in viewing the impact of GRS on St. Louis City and County, received evidence regarding: (1) the nature of GRS-funded expenditures; (2) the limits of citizen participation; (3) the extent of job or facility discrimination in activities funded with GRS money; (4) the consequences of methods for calculating entitlements; and (5) the extent of Office of Revenue Sharing supervision. All of these suggested to the Advisory Committee the need for change. Among the findings were: neither city nor county used GRS funds to support long term programs specifically designed to benefit those with greatest need, minorities and the poor; neither sought to improve the effectiveness of ongoing social programs or to provide for newly identified social needs; neither city nor county provided ample opportunity for citizen… [PDF]

Pearn, M. A. (1978). Beyond Tokenism–Equal Employment Opportunities Policies. Briefing Paper. At the national level, there is ample evidence of considerable racial inequality in employment in Britain. The two main components of this inequality are discrimination and disadvantage. Under the Race Relations Act of 1976, industrial tribunals are empowered to impose penalties on those who discriminate unlawfully, but the Act does not impose an obligation on employers to actively prevent discrimination. It is in the context of preventing discrimination that an Equal Employment Opportunity Policy (EEOP) is considered necessary. Very few employers in Britain have formulated EEOPs, unlike the situation in the United States where active government intervention and harsh penalties for offenders have made EEOP a reality. In Britain, however, statutory penalties are so light that most employers can budget for the risk. Employers vary in the degree of their commitment to equal employment opportunity. The most complete strategy is pursued by the employer who has recognized that his is not…

Tittle, Carol Kehr; And Others (1975). Women in Educational Research: Their Status from Student to Employee. Educational Researcher, 4, 9, 15-24, Oct 75. Data presented here are based on responses to mail questionnaires which focused on the multiple roles of women in the educational research community; women as students, as faculty members, and as employees in research organizations. (Author/AM)…

Marshall, Thurgood (1978). Dissent in the Bakke Case. Freedomways, v18 n3 p127-35 1978, 78. While the author applauds the judgment of the Supreme Court that a university may consider race in its admissions process, he considers it ironic that, after several hundred years of class-based discrimination against Blacks, the Court is unwilling to hold that a class-based remedy for that discrimination is permissible. (Author/KR)…

Bolce, Louis Henri, III; Gray, Susan H. (1979). Blacks, Whites, and "Race Politics.". Public Interest, n54 p61-75 Win. A random sample of 600 New York City residents were interviewed by telephone in 1977 to determine the extent to which Blacks and Whites are divided over the issues of preferential treatment, racial quotas, and busing for the purpose of achieving school desegregation. (Author/MC)…

(1978). Bakke Wins, Quotas Lose. Time, 112, 2, 8-16, Jul 10 78. Ruling 5 to 4, the Supreme Court finds a middle ground in the sensitive Bakke case. It gives something to everybody, outlawing strict racial quotas but permitting race to be considered in college admissions policies. (Editor)…