Clayton, Obie; Holmes, Robert (1996). Old Problems and Shifting Challenges: Preparing African Americans for the 21st Century Labor Market. Challenge: A Journal of Research on African American Men, v7 n2 p79-94 Jul. Examines the factors which have led to declining economic conditions for a large number of African Americans, and addresses ways to improve the economic position of this disadvantaged population. The historical role of race relations and equal opportunity efforts is discussed, and programs shown to have had a positive impact on curbing the poverty cycle are examined. (GR)…

Miller, Carol A. (1990). Minority Student Achievement: A Comprehensive Perspective. Journal of Developmental Education, v13 n3 p6-8,10-11 Spr. Reviews current minority involvement in higher learning. Presents components of effective retention strategies, including administrative commitment, financial resources, student services, curricula, personnel, and timeliness of intervention. Suggests a comprehensive approach to improve minority achievement and redefines matriculation expectations. (DMM)…

Butterfield, Barbara (1988). Guidelines for an Effective Merit Pay Program. CUPA Journal, v39 n3 p25-32 Fall. The approach chosen to award pay for performance is not as important as the need to assess the organization's commitment to merit, the quality of the relationship with employees, and the ability to do a fair job. With careful implementation, merit pay systems can be mutually rewarding. (MSE)…

Powell, Jack V. (1992). Increasing Equity in Administrative Leadership: A Regents' Model. Equity and Excellence, v25 n2-4 p67-76 Win. Describes Georgia State Board of Regents's model for increasing the presence of African American in administrative positions in the Georgia state university system. A postdoctoral internship program selected faculty members with an interest in administration in higher education. The author's own participation is described. (SLD)…

Mort, Leigh Ann; Moskowitz, Milton (1994). The Best Law Schools for Blacks. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n4 p57-65 Sum. Surveys highly regarded law schools to see how they stand regrading black enrollment, faculty diversity, and progress toward integration. Most of the 19 responding schools have increased their black enrollment, but blacks remain underrepresented in law schools, as they do in the profession. (SLD)…

Collins, Ronald W.; Johnson, Judith A. (1988). One Institution's Success in Increasing the Number of Minority Faculty: A Provost's Perspective. Peabody Journal of Education, v66 n1 p71-76 Fall. Eastern Michigan University's provost presents a perspective on how the institution successfully increased its number of minority faculty members. The article describes ways to retain minority faculty members once they are hired, noting the importance of total public support of opinion leaders and policymakers. (SM)…

Kuran, Timur (1993). Seeds of Racial Explosion. Society, v30 n6 p55-67 Sep-Oct. Social pathologies at the root of many racial disparities in achievement are serious and widespread, but at least frank debate on racial issues is emerging. Contemporary racial issues, including white backlash, are explored; and it is suggested that the eventual emergence of a multiracial consensus for cooperation is possible. (SLD)…

(2000). News and Views. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n27 p6-66 Spr. Collection of articles examines such issues as the progress of black faculty at leading U.S. liberal arts colleges; black scholars in the press; Marshall scholarships for African American college students; white Congressmen endorsing reparations for slavery; how black voters can use political muscle to protect higher education opportunities; and improvement in the black-white unemployment gap for college graduates. (SM)…

Bok, Derek; Bowen, William G. (1998). Get In, Get Ahead: Here's Why. Trusteeship, v6 n6 p10-14 Nov-Dec. A study examined the college and later-life experiences of over 35,000 students, almost 3000 of whom were black, entering 28 selective colleges in 1976 and 1989. Results suggest that if universities were flatly prohibited from considering race in admissions, over half the black students in selective colleges today would have been rejected. Implications for race-sensitive admissions policies are discussed. (MSE)…

Chenoweth, Karin (1998). Poll Confirms That Americans Want Diversity on Campuses. Black Issues in Higher Education, v15 n18 p12-13 Oct 29. A recent Ford Foundation national survey found that 71% of Americans think diversity education does more to bring Americans together than drive them apart. Two-thirds felt colleges and universities should take explicit steps to ensure student body diversity; three-fourths want to ensure faculty diversity. Only 38% feel diversity is an excuse to admit otherwise unqualified graduate students. (MSE)…

Lum, Lydia (2005). Lessons in Inclusion. Diverse: Issues in Higher Education, v22 n16 p26-27 Sep. Dr. Wallace Loh still remembers the sting of hearing his high school teachers in Peru call him "el chino"–Spanish for "Chinese boy." Why didn't they simply use his name? After all, they did so with his classmates. They typically did not single out students of other foreign nationalities, such as calling the German student "el aleman." Loh had lived in Lima since age 2. He spoke Spanish with no accent, but he keenly felt that he did not fit in. As an educator, Loh has shared that story with many students, especially at the University of Washington (UW), where he was dean of law from 1990-1995. In that time, minority enrollment in UW's law school doubled, reaching more than 40 percent. The boom in minority enrollment was at least partly because race was used as an admissions factor for the program. Loh, who is now a dean at the private Seattle University, believes the practice of using race in the admissions process is slowly, but surely dying. The public… [Direct]

Grayson, J. Paul (1994). A Characterization of Areas of Racial Tension among First Year Students: A Focus Group Follow-Up to a Large Survey. This study examined areas of racial tension and racial attitudes among first-year students at York University in Ontario (Canada). A survey of 1,129 first-year students in 1993-94 indicated that the vast majority believed that visible minority students had been treated equally by professors, staff, and other students. However, the first year was experienced differently by students of Black, East Indian, Chinese, European, and "other" origin. Comparisons did not always favor those of European background: East Indian students reported the greatest number of out-of-class contacts with faculty and staff. While certain outcomes of the first year experience–self-assessments of intellectual development and grade point average–varied by race, these differences could not be attributed to race per se. Focus group discussions conducted with 24 Black students and 33 students of Italian or Portuguese origin found that 23 percent of the Black and 9 percent of the Italian/Portuguese… [PDF]

(1994). The Principals Institute Graduates. The 1992-1993 Follow Up Evaluation. OER Report. The Principals Institute is one of several programs designed to increase the number of minorities and women in supervisory and administrative positions in the New York City school system. During three academic semesters and a summer, students in the Institute attend classes and participate in an internship. On completion, students receive a Master's degree and become eligible for state certification in school administration and supervision. Thirty-seven (51 percent) of the 72 graduates (4 cohorts) replied to a questionnaire about the program and their employment. Eighty-nine percent of graduates had obtained certification and 15 were employed in positions requiring this certification. All were women: eight were African Americans, three were Hispanic Americans, three were Whites, and one was an Asian-Pacific Islander. Thirteen respondents, 8 of whom were minorities, were working in out-of-classroom supervisory capacities. Although only a minority of graduates became principals, the… [PDF]

Gonzales, Frank S.; Hayner, Claudia (1994). Cuesta College Student Equity Plan. Presenting the Student Equity Plan developed at Cuesta College, in California, this document provides background to the development of the plan, reviews plan components, and discusses implementation and evaluation. Introductory materials indicate that the plan was intended to create a campus environment that assures that enrollment, retention, and graduation rates reflect the ethnic, gender, and disabled distributions within the service area. Next, legislative foundations of student equity are reviewed and legal definitions are provided. The following components of the plan are then described: (1) campus needs assessment; (2) identifying institutional barriers to equity through surveys of students, faculty, and staff; (3) assessing equity for Hispanic, Asian, African American, Native American, women, and disabled students; and (4) setting valid equity goals and institutional responses. The last component includes tables of barriers and activities related to access, course… [PDF]

Mincberg, Elliot M.; Tatel, David S. (1989). The 1988-89 Term of the U.S. Supreme Court and Its Impact on Public Schools. In its 1988-89 term, the Supreme Court, dominated by a conservative 5-4 majority made possible by the addition of Justice Kennedy, issued a number of decisions of significance to school districts. These decisions of the Supreme Court's 1988-89 term are summarized in this study and organized by subject matter into five sections: (1) civil rights in the context of employment and other liability-related issues; (2) special education; (3) freedom of speech and religion issues; (4) school desegregation; and (5) school finance-related issues. In each section, the key cases decided by the Court, the lower court decisions the Court declined to review and, where relevant, decisions scheduled for review in the 1989-90 term, are summarized. A list of 55 cases discussed, including case citations, is presented at the end of the summary. (SI)… [PDF]

Wong, Raymond E., Comp. (1990). A Self-Evaluation Guide to Title IX: Applicable Excerpts from Title IX Regulations and Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987. Regional desegregation centers provide technical assistance and training to public school personnel and other government agencies in the areas of race, sex, and national origin desegregation, in order to provide all students with equitable opportunities to achieve educational excellence. This evaluation guide for Title IX Federal Regulations and the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 contains those regulations developed to implement Title IX and poses questions as a means of ascertaining the current level of compliance of a school district with the regulations. Excerpts from "Part 106: Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs and Activities Receiving or Benefiting from Federal Financial Assistance." is included along with a summary of the questions to assist in ascertaining compliance with the regulation. A request form for additional assistance from the Equity Center is appended. (NL)… [PDF]

Cepeda, Rita; Guichard, Gus (1986). Plan for Improving the Enrollment, Retention and Transfer of Minority Students. A specific action plan for increasing the enrollment, retention, and transfer of minorities in California's community colleges is presented, as developed by the participants at a December 1985 invitational symposium. Introductory material explains the goals and objectives of the symposium and identifies the five major recurrent themes raised throughout the small and full group discussions; i.e., institutional racism, open access, intersegmental articulation, community partnership, and advisory boards. Next, five recommendation areas are discussed: (1) institutional commitment (i.e., commitment to improving minority student recruitment and retention by colleges, districts and the system); (2) partnerships between the different educational systems aimed at increasing the transfer rates of minority students; (3) uniform standards forming a clear set of expectations for all students in areas such as course prerequisites, basic skills, academic progress, and probation/dismissal… [PDF]

(1988). State Policy for Faculty Development in Higher Education. A Report to the Governor and Legislature in Response to Supplemental Language in the 1986 Budget Act. Report 88-17. The conclusions and recommendations resulting from studies of faculty development in California's public colleges and universities, which were conducted in response to a directive from the state legislature, are presented. The report is divided into the following sections: (1) background (origins and conduct of the study); (2) the scope of faculty development (purposes; extent, scheduling and examples of activities; and standards); (3) state policies and support for faculty (current sources of support, institutional decisions about the use of state funds, and alternatives); and (4) summary, conclusions and recommendations. Among the recommendations are: that an increased proportion of any additional funds should be directed toward the improvement of undergraduate instruction; and that better planning, coordination and evaluation of faculty development should be established. Eleven tables provide data on faculty participation and funding. Contains 7 references. (KM)… [PDF]

Hawkins, O. Rebecca, Ed. (1988). Prince George's Community College 1988-93 Master Plan. Designed to integrate strategic planning for Prince George's Community College's (PGCCs) programs, budgets, and facilities, this master plan for 1988-93 offers information on the college's planning framework, mission, programs, and institutional priorities. The major features of the plan are a situational analysis and environmental scan, which examine PGCC's market share, enrollment trends, and student demographics, goals, attendance patterns, and program choices. The environmental scan also considers the potential impact of a projected decline in high school graduates, an increase in the number of older county residents, the state of the local economy, increasing competition among higher education institutions, and demands for institutional assessment and accountability. The final section of the master plan sets forth PGCC's priorities for the coming years with respect to: (1) increasing the representation of women and minorities among faculty and administrative staff; (2) creating…

Godin, P.; Mithoefer, M. P. (1988). On Hiring Principals: Perceptions of Principals on Selection and Hiring Practices–Are They Objective, Equitable and Fair?. The study examined whether or not research is being put into practice to select the best and the brightest for the position of principal and attempts to categorize ways in which discrimination occurs by identifying whether hiring agents discriminate against certain kinds of candidates. Specifically, three kinds of bias are examined: (1) gender of the candidate; (2) experience versus knowledge or education of the candidate; and (3) miscellaneous variables in hiring practices. The sample population included all 39 elementary and secondary principals in Washington County, Maine, with 29 (74%) of the principals responding. The perceptions indiciate that superintendents and school boards are not as objective, fair, and equitable as they should be in selecting and hiring principals. There is an apparent disregard for the level of education or knowledge of candidates on the part of hiring agents. Implications for the future are discussed. Appended are seven references and a bar graph of…

Campbell-Thrane, Lucille; Silvani-Lacey, Cindy (1981). Equity in Vocational Education: A Futures Agenda. Research and Development Series No. 213. This publication contains the two keynote presentations from the National Equity Colloquium and a synthesis of papers on equity from multidisciplinary perpectives. In "The Future of Educational Equity" Shirley D. McCune focuses on three questions of importance in developing strategies to gain equity: (1) What is the current concept of educational equity and how may this need be modified? (2) What are trends in society and education that provide a context for seeking equity? and (3) What are tasks that must be accomplished to continue the search for educational equity? In "The Justice of Equity" Samuel D. Proctor discusses bases for belief in the dignity of persons; five stages of development–disintegration, survival and acculturation, alienation, lawsuits, and reintegration; and implications for education, including professionalism and vicariousness. The overview, "Equity and Vocational Education: Guidelines for the 1980s," synthesizes 17 papers about… [PDF]

Wilkie, Jane Riblett (1982). The Decline in Occupational Segregation Between Black and White Women. This paper examines the decline in occupational segregation between black and white women over the twentieth century and analyzes how shifts in the occupational structure of the economy and changes in the racial composition of occupational categories contributed to this change. Overall, findings show that the decrease in occupational segregation between black and white women is a result of (1) decreasing demand in highly segregated \black women's occupations,\ especially agricultural labor and household work; (2) increasing supply of better educated black female workers; and (3) increasing equality of opportunity, particularly in the decade from 1960 to 1970. Thus, both market forces and changes in employers' hiring practices have contributed to the convergence in occupations between black and white women. (Author/GC)…

Thomas, Franklin A. (1985). Race Relations and Ethnicity. This presentation focuses on the state of race relations in South Africa and the United States as viewed against the backdrop of threats to world peace. It is argued that pluralism is likely to persist within most societies and should be recognized as both a potential threat and a potential benefit. As a strategy for peaceful pluralism in both South Africa and the United States, three key principles are articulated: (1) respect for the inherent equality of individuals and protection of their civil liberties; (2) equitable access to political and economic power; and (3) encouragement of society's peacemakers. Americans, it is argued, should feel especially responsible for human rights in South Africa because: (1) it is morally right; (2) it is the obligation of the free world's leading power; (3) the people of South Africa want the understanding of the United States; and (4) the United States has extensive interests in South Africa. In the United States itself, although blacks,…

McDonald, Scott C. (1982). An Inquiry into the Resilience of Title IX Reforms at the Local Level. An informal followup study was conducted to determine the permanence of gains in compliance with Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments in 23 California districts that had used compliance strategies developed by the California Coalition for Sex Equity in Education. Fourteen of the original districts' strategy implementation teams were contacted and two members of each team interviewed by phone. Analysis of the responses suggests that the implementation strategies may have had permanent results. Programmatic changes made by the districts tended to be maintained across all categories of Title IX concern, including the areas of equity in physical education, athletics, and academic courses for students and equity in personnel practices for teaching and administrative staffs. New initiatives tended to be taken most frequently in districts that had made appreciable gains in the original experimental period. (Author/PGD)… [PDF]

Harris, Rubie J. (1980). Relationship of Counseling Factors to Minority Females' Participation in Mathematics and Science. The underrepresentation of minority females in mathematics and science occupations raises questions about the role of secondary school counselors in the career choices of these students. Data from a mail survey of school counselors and guidance directors (N=125) were analyzed to examine the relationship of two dependent variables, i.e., enrollment of black female students in non-required mathematics courses and in non-required science courses and three independent variables, i.e., counselor demographic characteristics, characteristics of guidance programs, and counseling and guidance practices. None of the counselor demographic characteristics were statistically related to enrollment. In terms of the characteristics of guidance programs, only the \autonomy of counselors\ variables were statistically related to both dependent variables. For counseling and guidance practices, the variable, \special efforts used to encourage black females to enroll in non-required mathematics and…

Aquila, Frank D., Ed.; Hummel, Judy, Ed. (1977). A Quest for Equality: Title IX, The Second Year. Proceedings (Indiana University, Indiana, January 19-20, 1977). The papers presented in this volume are the result of a conference designed to assist school personnel in understanding and developing plans to eradicate sex discrimination in schools. The works included are: "The Subtleties of Sexism: A Short, Short Story," by Sharon B. Lord; "Legal Ramifications and Concepts of Title IX," by Charles E. Guerrier and Barbara Kaye Besser; "Title IX, or Be Nice to Uncle Sam's Nieces, or Are Reproductive Organs Relevant for Education?" by Bernice Sandler; "Title IX: The Basics," by Frances Dodson Rhome; "Title IX: Employment Practices, Grievance Procedures and Other Administrative Concerns," by Richard A. Boyd; "Girls Athletics: A Question of Priorities," by Patricia Roy; "Title IX and the Guidance Counselor," by Joanna Allman; "Kojack Revisited: The Nature and Costs of the Male Sex Role Stereotype," by David Sadker; and "A Technique to Assess Title IX Implementation…

Ryan, T. A. (1978). Generalized Planning Model to Achieve Equity in Corrections. A generalized planning model is presented for administrators and mid-management personnel seeking to develop and maintain effective correctional systems and to insure equity for women and minorities employed in these systems. This model consists of three components which tell how an agency: (1) develops a rationale for equity; (2) assesses needs for equity; and (3) sets goals and implements activities. A flowchart is included as a graphic representation of the step-by-step procedure of design and implementation. The appendices contain sample forms for analyzing current settings and projecting the ideal. A bibliography is also provided. (Author/HLM)…

(1980). Design of a Plan for Evaluation of the National Institute of Education's Program to Increase the Participation of Minorities and Women in Educational Research and Development. Final Report. The extreme variability of the 50 projects under the NIE Program to Increase the Participation of Minorities and Women in Educational Research and Development necessitates an evaluation design that is flexible enough to accomodate significant differences in project characteristics, yet comprehensive enough to allow meaningful aggregation of cross-project data for evaluation at the program level. This report of a program evaluation method that meets these two objectives is divided into two parts. Part I includes descriptive overview data on major project dimensions that clearly illustrate the wide diversity of the characteristics among the 50 projects. Two key variables, project orientation and targeted participant population, emerged as a basis for logical sub-grouping of projects into a classification matrix. In Part II, possible methods and timing of data collection approaches are outlined in depth and potential data sources are reviewed. The section also outlines a conceptual…

Katz, David; And Others (1978). College and Industry: Partners in the Handicapped Role (Cipher III). A project was designed and instituted to furnish a structure that would bring together three groups–potential employers, college personnel, and disabled people–to increase employment opportunities for the handicapped. During the third and final project year, representatives of all three groups met in workshops to discuss issues and concerns. Among the conclusions drawn are these: (1) companies need current, reliable information about legal aspects of hiring disabled people; (2) businesses may profit from sharing effective strategies that increase employment of the disabled; (3) businesses and labor unions need to include in collective bargaining agreements ways and means to enhance employment opportunities by recruitment and job restructuring; (4) once hired, disabled persons need help to advance on career paths at the same rate as their able-bodied peers; (5) the myth that the disabled are more highly motivated, perform better, and are more loyal than the able-bodied places an…

(1973). Procedures, Policies, and Practices for Personnel in Academic Affairs, Southern Illinois University. Intended to assist both with the general preparation of personnel matters and the necessary documents for placing appointees on the official payroll of Southern Illinois University, the 1973 faculty handbook includes: (1) budget authority and responsibility; (2) faculty and administrative staff; (3) promotions; (4) salaries; (5) tenure; and (6) graduate-student employees. (KE)… [PDF]