Cesare, Steven J.; And Others (1991). A Predictive Validation Study of the Methods Used To Select Eligibility Technicians. The effectiveness of the current selection system used to hire eligibility technicians was studied, and the predictive relationship between existing selection instruments and job performance criteria was investigated. Eligibility technicians are employees of San Diego County (California) whose duties include determining the eligibility of applicants for social services. The current selection system consists of a multiple-choice examination and a composite assessment including a training and experience application blank and an interview. Job performance criteria were subjective (supervisory ratings and factor scores) and objective (job tenure and turnover). Scores on the subjective criteria were taken at three points in time: mid-probation, final probation, and first annual performance review. Information was gathered for all applicants for the position of eligibility technician between 1986 and 1990 (449 employees at mid-probation, 409 at final probation, and 250 at the first annual…

Green, Robert L.; Wright, Denise L. (1991). African-American Males: A Demographic Study and Analysis. This paper examines the position of the African American male in three categories identified as critical indicators in assessing important sociological trends. For each of the following indicators, the report gives a general, comparative, and projective analysis: (1) economics and labor; (2) education; and (3) incarceration. The section on economics and labor looks at reasons for the rising disparity among groups and their present economic welfare using statistics from the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Department of Labor. The section on education addresses the historical context for controversy in education; elementary school, primary school, and secondary school education; 2-year versus 4-year institutions; and financial support for African Americans in higher education. Also included in this section is an analysis of the African American male in the educational system and the possible need for alternative schools for this population. The section on… [PDF]

Campbell, George, Jr.; And Others (1991). Minority Graduation Rates: Comparative Performance of American Engineering Schools. NACME Research Letter, v2 n2 Dec. A study was done to compare the success of undergraduate engineering schools in graduating minorities from their programs. The study developed the following three parameters that can be used to define the performance of engineering schools in graduating minorities: (1) graduation rates of minorities; (2) graduation rates of minorities relative to those of non-minorities (the Relative Retention Index); and (3) absolute number of graduates. The study used national enrollment and graduation data supplied by 118 individual institutions. Findings indicate that only 35.6 percent of the minority freshman engineering majors studied had obtained a bachelor of science in engineering degree, while the rate for non-minorities was 68.4 percent. When minority graduation rates were recalculated beginning with a sophomore year baseline, the study found that minority sophomores were retained at rates somewhat better than freshmen, with 56.7 percent of them graduating, while almost 87.4 percent of…

Dadzie, Stella (1993). Working with Black Adult Learners. A Practical Guide. This guide identifies the key skills for the delivery of education and training for black adult learners in Britain. It provides a rich resource of examples of good practice and case studies of innovative approaches to policy development, curriculum, and support. Each section is structured to include introductory comments to clarify current thinking and contextualize recommended good practice; an outline, in checklist form, of some key issues for students, practitioners, and managers (as appropriate) for use as a training aid or to inform planning, review, and policy development discussions; a practical example, case study, or resource; and a list of resources and useful contacts. Section 1, Pre-Course, covers community consultation, policy development, outreach, and marketing and publicity. Section 2, Recruitment and Selection, addresses educational guidance; precourse assessment and accreditation; recruitment, selection, and admissions; staffing issues; and ethnic monitoring…. [PDF]

Gordon, June A. (1990). Minority Culture-Based Programming in the Six Four-Year Public Institutions of Higher Education in the State of Washington: An Illuminative Evaluation. This study utilized illuminative, ethnographic evaluation to examine the range and complexity of minority student programming at the six public institutions of higher education in Washington, namely Evergreen State College, Eastern Washington University, Central Washington University, Western Washington University, Washington State University, and the University of Washington. It focused on minority student programming in seven areas: (1) institutional mission; (2) academic programs; (3) recruitment and admissions; (4) retention and student services; (5) local community role; (6) administration; and (7) physical facilities. Data were gathered through interviews of administrators, faculty, and staff; examinations of public documents and institutional literature; and observations. The study found that a heated debate over curricular change occurred on every campus, with some calling for the establishment of ethnic studies programs, while others advocated the strengthening of current… [PDF]

(1982). Annual Report to the President and the Congress on Federal Activities Related to the Administration of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as Amended. Fiscal Year 1981. Executive Summary. The fiscal year 1981 annual report of the Rehabilitation Services Administration's activities under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, is presented; program operations, program development activities, functions of the National Institute of Handicapped Research, and other provisions of the Act, are described. Program operations include: the basic vocational rehabilitation program; services for the deaf, the blind, and the visually handicapped; the Helen Keller Center for Deaf-Blind Youths and Adults; and rehabilitation facilities. Program expenditures versus accomplishments are also examined. Program development, which is designed to improve service delivery and the vocational rehabilitation and independence of handicapped persons, includes the following activities: special projects for the severely disabled, projects with industry, special recreation programs, and Centers for Independent Living. In addition to the activities of research and training centers and special… [PDF]

Chance, Edward W.; Neuhauser, Margo (1989). Preparing Women and Minorities as Rural School Administrators. The traditional underrepresentation of women and minorities in administrative positions continues to be a reality in most states. This paper describes the Women and Minorities in Administration Program, developed by the South Dakota Equal Educational Opportunities Office in an attempt to alleviate this disparity. The program was developed to provide an alternative means for females and minorities to pursue and complete a masters degree in elementary or secondary administration. The core of the model program included a weekend scheduling format, reduced tuition rates, and innovative elective courses designed specifically for the participants. Short-term program success is evidenced by positive individual evaluations and through preliminary data reflecting the number of participants who went on to secure leadership positions. (Author/TES)… [PDF]

Wilson, Reginald (1986). Minority Participation in Community Colleges. While the largest growth in the college-age population (i.e., 18 to 24 year olds) is among minority group members, the largest decline in college-going rates is among minorities. Because of poor academic preparation, rising tuition rates, and declining financial aid resources, the community college has become the college of necessity, rather than the college of choice, for most minority students. It is the duty of community colleges to recognize the importance of their mission to provide quality education to their minority and disadvantaged population to enable them to become skilled and productive members of society. It is the duty of trustees, presidents, and faculties to accomplish these goals by exercising leadership, creativity, and innovativeness; by taking risks; and by providing the necessary resources. While studies show that currently community colleges are not meeting their obligation to minority students, certain states and institutions are serving as excellent models. A…

Jackson, Anita; Simmons, Brenda R. (1988). Fostering Black Student Enrollment at Community Colleges and Historically Black Colleges in the Same Service Area. Within the context of trends in minority student education, this paper urges community colleges and historically black colleges and universities to cooperatively encourage the enrollment, retention, graduation, and continuing education of black students. First, the paper points to such alarming trends as a sharp decline in the number of associate degrees awarded to black students, declining enrollments in historically black colleges and increasing enrollments of blacks at community colleges, and high dropout rates among black community college students. Next, the paper describes a study conducted at Florida Community College at Jacksonville (FCCJ) and Edward Waters College (EWC) to determine influences on students' choice of college and FCCJ students' plans for transfer. The study found that cost and location were major factors in college choice, and that most FCCJ students were not considering EWC or any other black college as a transfer institution. Next, the paper describes the… [PDF]

O'Donnell, Sheryl, Ed.; Shaver, Barbara, Ed. (1981). Women's Scholarship: A Curriculum Handbook. A Project for Curriculum Development in Women's Scholarship. Curriculum and instructional development approaches that are designed to promote scholarship on women are described in 22 articles. The articles, which are based on the Women's Scholarship Project at the University of North Dakota, concern: career planning, women's studies courses, professional studies, research, and the theoretical applications of women's scholarship. The following are among the articles presented: "What Can Be Done to Aid a Woman in Her Career Decision-Making Process" (Jole A. Williams); "Women and Mathematics" (David J. Uherka); "Some Milestones on the Road to Equal Employment Opportunities for Women" (W. Fred Lawrence); "The Issue of Sexism in Multicultural Education" (Janet Goldenstein Ahler); "Integrating Women's Issues into the Course 'Human Behavior in the Social Environment'" (Leola Furman); "Toward Equity in Nursing: The Role of Education" (Sandra L. Warner); "Women in Music Education: Some…

Katsinas, Steve (1984). Hispanic Student and Staffing Patterns in Community Colleges. An overview is provided of Hispanic enrollment and staffing patterns in U.S. community colleges. After an initial discussion of changes taking place in postsecondary education, information on the low participation rates of Hispanics in higher education is presented; e.g., in 1978 Hispanics made up 6% of the population of the mainland United States, but only 3.4% of the nation's undergraduate students; and Hispanic college enrollments as a percentage of high school graduates declined from 35.4% in 1975 to 19.9% in 1980. The next section looks at the high concentration of Hispanics in community colleges, which enroll 45% of all Hispanic full-time college students. Information on the exceptionally high concentration of Hispanics in central city community colleges and on enrollment patterns is followed by a discussion of reasons for the relatively high participation rate of Hispanics in community colleges (e.g., the indifference of four-year institutions, the open admissions policies…

(1977). School Districts, Limited English-speaking Students and the Law. No. 2 in the Bilingual Education Mini-Booklet Series. This booklet contains the major mandates, from a variety of sources, used to assist school districts and their personnel in identifying the tasks required by law to fulfill the educational obligations related to equal educational opportunity. It covers specifically a summary of major court cases involving bilingual education; Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and its regulations;the May, 1970 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW) Memorandum on discrimination against limited English speaking students; the Equal Educational Opportunity Act of 1974; the Bilingual Education Act of 1974; the August, 1975 DHEW \Lau Compliance\ Memorandum; and the Education Language Rule adopted by the Washington State Human Rights Commission. (Author/MC)…

O'Brien, Maureen B.; Ross, S. Kathryn (1981). 504 and Admissions: Making the Law Work for the Applicant and the College. Recognizing the legislative and institutional difficulties involved in complying with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, this paper describes the efforts of St. Mary's Junior College (SMJC) to develop technical (i.e., non-academic) standards for college admission. The paper first points to particular legislative variables which must be considered, such as which section of the act applies to the college. Next, institutional considerations are discussed, including the importance of applying admissions procedures uniformly, examining the effects of present procedures on the handicapped, and studying the possible outcomes of revising those procedures. Steps to be carried out in revising admissions procedures are then reviewed. Next, the paper defines academic and technical standards for admission and discusses the role of faculty in establishing these standards. After reviewing the variables that should be considered in determining whether a college really needs technical…

de Leon, Fred, Jr. (1981). Supportive Services for Women Project (SSWP): End of Project Report, 1980-1981. This seven-part report describes the objectives and outcomes of the Supportive Services for Women Program (SSWP) which operated at Oxnard College between October 1980 and June 1981. After Part I provides introductory material on the need for and genesis of the program, Part II outlines the SSWP's dual goals: to meet the vocational training needs of poverty-level, female heads of households in Ventura County and to simultaneously rectify the gender imbalances within six program areas: agricultural mechanics, industrial maintenance mechanics, diesel mechanics, auto mechanics, truck driving, and landscape maintenance. Part III reviews the specific program objectives corresponding to these goals. Part IV describes the SSWP's design with respect to staff and activities in the areas of recruitment and retention. Part V focuses on the counseling and support services in which the SSWP staff members were involved, while Part VI examines program outcomes with respect to increases in the…

Zadny, Jerry J. (1979). Employer Reactions to Efforts to Place Disabled and Disadvantaged Workers. Studies in Placement Monograph No. 4. Surveys in Portland, Oregon, and San Francisco, California, asked 448 employers about their exposure and reactions to job development activity by agencies serving disabled and disadvantaged persons. Respondents were generally favorable or indifferent to being contacted, rated the performance of their disabled employees as being average or above average in comparison to other workers, and said that state rehabilitation agency clients tended to be as qualified as other applicants. Almost all indicated that they would hire a disabled person who was more qualified than other applicants and a third indicated they would give preference to a disabled person who was as qualified as other applicants. Self-reported hiring of disabled persons and hiring of state agency clients increased with the number of employees and with the number of positions filled. Firms which reported being contacted by an agency representing disabled persons were more likely to report hiring a disabled person than…

Greenfeld, Sue (1979). Sex Roles Inside the Corporation. A Summary of Findings from Mgmt. 689: "Special Topics in Careers & Sex Roles in the Organization". Advanced graduate students enrolled in a management course conducted thirty-four structured interviews at a major multi-million-dollar Houston-based oil company. Approximately fifty open-ended questions were asked the respondents over topics related to sex roles in the organization, including employee interactions, secretarial roles, work-related travel, work-related social encounters, family-work relations, and personal goals. Results of the interviews showed a concerted effort to bring women into higher levels of the organization within the past two years, but women and men interviewed were still essentially at different levels within the organization. Most respondents felt that there were numerous similarities between male and female capabilities, but differences were noted in the areas of opportunities for advancement, preference for the sex of the supervisor, salary expectations, favoritism toward advancement, and social lunching among others. (Author/BM)…

Leon, David Jess (1979). Institutional Racism and the Educational Opportunity Program: A Study of Organizational Change and Strategies for Reform. Various organizational modes for implementing desegregation in higher education are examined with specific reference to the effects of programs at the University of Washington, the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the University of California at Berkeley. Each school established Equal Opportunity Programs (EOP) that differ structurally and operationally. The University of Washington program illustrates a self-determination model, a unified, self-contained, and relatively autonomous office. A partial-determination model was used by UC Santa Barbara where EOP operates under a somewhat decentralized system. EOP at the UC Berkeley follows an integration model where all EOP clients use regular student services for advice and assistance. The extent to which each of these models may lend itself to or embody institutional racism is examined. It is suggested that wherever racial disparities exist in an institution, institutional racism exists. Enrollment figures, relative… [PDF]

(1976). Beyond Uniculturalism. No. 1: Teachers Making a Difference through Visions, Hopes and Skills [And] No. 3: Understanding Multicultural Equality [And] No. 4: Schools and Educators Who Rate [And] No. 5: Action Guide [And] No. 7: Bibliography. The materials are designed to help teachers formulate, plan, and work for multiculturalism in schools. The first part of the unit contains a guide to help elementary and secondary teachers engage in multicultural education and eliminate racism and sexism in the schools. It discusses how teachers can make a difference and helps them assess their own goals, awareness, knowledge, and skills which can contribute to multicultural education. The second part of the unit, \Understanding Multicultural Equality,\ provides examples of uniculturalism in the schools. This implies the imposition of the values of white male, middle class dominated society. Part three, \Schools and Educators Who Rate,\ outlines the roles of key groups responsible for developing multicultural schools and furnishes a checklist for rating existing skills and understandings. The Action Guide in part 4 lists strategies which individuals or groups can use to move beyond uniculturalism. The booklet concludes with a… [PDF]

(1975). Hierarchy, Power, and Women in Educational Policy Making. A Position Paper Prepared by the National Conference on Women in Educational Policy Making. IEL Report 6. Education is the crucial institution involved in sex-role socialization. The percentage of women in school administrative positions has declined. Schools have adopted modern corporation and military management models. Women unhappy about the status quo must learn about power, both theoretically and practically, in order to change their position in the world of education and find the tools for institutional change within the schools. Women can (1) collect the qualifications necessary to be a legitimate contender for a place in the school power hierarchy; (2) summarize the research negating that administration is a male job; and (3) if necessary file legal complaints. Women in administration can provide a much-needed service by becoming participant observers and compiling handbooks and case studies of real experiences with power structures and leadership styles. (Author/MLF)… [PDF]

Wiles, David K.; Wiles, Marilyn M. (1976). Cross-Referencing the Professorship, Male Induction and Female Sexuality Models: An Inherent \Inappropriateness\ Referrent. Appropriateness for any particular organization role involves a calculation of identifiable expectations. The induction phase of new members identifies a set of role expectations. Unobtrusive but obvious \other\ expectations play a large part in determining the appropriateness of both role and induction in organizations. This paper discusses the unconventional expectations associated with the label, \feminine,\ as it affects role referrents of professorship within higher education. It is hypothesized that the present lack of consistent expectations for female faculty has created role confusion that cannot be alleviated by some manipulation of traditional bureaucratic, male, or induction role expectations. Specifically, cross-referencing the conventional classifications of university professional, male induction, and female sexuality, reveals two types of role inappropriateness for the female professor: (1) that in direct conflict with the traditional male induction model, and/or (2)… [PDF]

Blackwell, James E. (1975). Access of Black Students to Graduate And Professional Schools. The issue of access at the level of graduate and professional training is multifaceted. Absolutely nothing about this issue is unidimensional and singularly focused except perhaps the persistent effort of black Americans to attain their rights to higher education. Hence, this study highlights such important components of the access issue as admissions policies, practices and results, enrollment trends and patterns in graduate and professional schools; barriers to professional practices; and efforts to increase the number and proportions of blacks in graduate and professional schools throughout the United States. Although the scope of concern here is more national than regional, in many instances, special attention is given to conditions existing in those states immediately affected by the decision in the Adams v. Richardson case. (Author)…

(1975). Summary of the Regulation for Title IX Education Amendments of 1972. Title IX of the Education Amendemtns of 1972 bars sex discrimination in any academic, extracurricular, research, occupational training or other educational program operated by an organization or agency that receives or benefits from federal aid. The regulation (45 CFR Part 86) for Title IX summarized in this document falls into five categories: (1) general matters related to discrimination on the basis of sex; (2) admissions; (3) treatment of students once they are admitted, including housing and facilities, courses and other educational activities, counseling, student financial aid, student health and insurance benefits, marital or parental status, athletics, and textbooks; (4) employment; and (5) enforcement procedures. (Author/KE)… [PDF]

Roediger, Roger D.; And Others (1988). Theme: Instructional Materials. Agricultural Education Magazine, v61 n4 p4-20 Oct. Consists of seven articles discussing instructional materials in agricultural education. Topics include (1) selection criteria, (2) secondary vocational agriculture, (3) computer uses, (4) special populations, (5) videotapes, (6) the cutting edge, and (7) technology transfer. (CH)…

(2000). Tools for Employers: Making Equal Pay a Reality in Your Workplace. Facts on Working Women. This publication presents six primary tools employers can use to narrow or eliminate pay gaps in their workplaces. After each tool is a discussion of the problem and examples of \best practices\ by employers that have won the Department of Labor's Opportunity 2000 and EVE (Exemplary Voluntary Efforts) awards. The report is divided into six tools: \Tool #1: Evaluate Your Compensation System–Are there wage gaps between women and men at your company that cannot be explained by legitimate nondiscriminatory factors?\ Examples of best practices are Blue Cross Blue Shield of Delaware, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and Eli Lilly and Company (Lilly); \Tool #2: Establish Effective Recruitment, Hiring, and Promotion Practices–How effective are you at recruiting, hiring, and promoting qualified women and minorities?\ Examples of best practices are Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc., PNNL, and Lilly; \Tool #3: Address Diversity–Do you address diversity?\ An example of best… [PDF]

Chang, Mitchell J. (2001). The Positive Educational Effects of Racial Diversity on Campus. This study examined links between racial diversity on college campuses and positive educational outcomes. Data came from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program database, a longitudinal set of student and faculty surveys and research that assessed the impact of college on students. This study used data from a 1985 freshman survey and the 1989 follow-up of the same students. The survey examined demographics, high school experiences, college expectations, values, attitudes, life goals, self-confidence, and career aspirations. The follow-up survey also asked students to reflect on their experiences and perceptions of college. Information on students' SAT scores, ACT scores, and educational attainment and on African American, Asian American, Hispanic, and White undergraduate student enrollment was collected. Several campus climate measures were merged with the data sets. Faculty data were collected from full-time teachers at the same institutions for which student information was… [PDF]

McPherson, Michael S. (1983). Value Conflicts in American Higher Education: A Survey. Journal of Higher Education, v54 n3 p243-78 May-Jun. Value assumptions in American higher education and the conflicts among them are surveyed. Questions are categorized as: economic versus noneconomic purposes of education, fairness and equality versus efficiency and quality, and the problems of authority and control in academic decision making. (Author/MLW)…

Hale, Frank W., Jr. (1980). Critical Issues Relative to Problems and Promises of Black Students. Journal of the National Association of College Admissions Counselors, v25 n1 p25-29 Jul. A speech delivered at the National Association of College Deans, Registrars and Admissions Officers on March 16, 1980 in Alabama, presents a case for the continued existence of Black colleges. Suggests Black colleges have an important role in educating Black youth and recommends improvements for Black colleges. (RC)…

Nyquist, Ewald B. (1979). Win, Women, and Money: Collegiate Athletics Today and Tomorrow. Educational Record, v60 n4 p374-93 Fall. Problems associated with collegiate athletics involve winning at any cost, accommodating women, and financing sports in an era of declining resources and rising costs. Abuses in athletics programs, presidential responsibility, research of the problems and its results, and predictions for the future are examined with regard to these issues. (JMD)…

Duke, Celine Ellet (1978). Section 1985(3): A Viable Alternative to Title VII for Sex-Based Employment Discrimination. Washington University Law Quarterly, v1978 n2 p367-95 Spr. Section 1985(3) is shown to be an alternative to Title VII. Inadequacies of and alternatives to Title VII are noted and questions are raised concerning section 1985(3)'s application to private sex-based discrimination, the single entity rule, and whether sex discrimination is sufficiently class-based to activate section 1985(3). (AF)…

Schmidt, Peter (1997). A Federal Appeals Court Upholds California Measure Barring Racial Preferences. Chronicle of Higher Education, v43 n32 pA28-A29 Apr 18. A federal appeals court has upheld an amendment to California's constitution that bars government agencies from granting preferences based on gender or race. The California Civil Rights Initiative, or Proposition 209, was found not to violate the Equal Protection Clause. If the ruling is not reversed, public colleges and universities will be forced to change many admissions and hiring policies. (MSE)…