Williams, Carolyn (1990). Broadening Access for Black Students. Community, Technical, and Junior College Journal, v60 n3 p14-17 Dec-Jan 1989-90. Reports on the Minority Education Initiative included in the American Association of Community and Junior Colleges' 1990 public policy agenda. Focuses on issues related to government policies and guidelines, effective teaching environments, and institutional effectiveness. Provides an assessment of each issue and strategies for change. (DMM)…

Baez, Tony; Clarke, Edwin (1990). Reading, Writing, and Role Models. Community, Technical, and Junior College Journal, v60 n3 p31-34 Dec-Jan 1989-90. Discusses the importance of cultural diversity among classroom teachers. Describes Milwaukee Area Technical College's (WI) Cooperative Urban Teacher Education Program and Wayne County Community College's (MI) Urban Teacher Program. Considers the role of teachers in building a more skilled work force. (DMM)…

Mincberg, Elliot M.; Tatel, David S. (1989). The 1989-1988 Term of the United States Supreme Court and Its Impact on Public Schools. West's Education Law Reporter, v50 n3 p661-75 Feb 16. This report of the Supreme Courts' 1987-88 term is organized by subject matter with summaries of the key cases the court decided, lower court decisions the Court refused to review, and decisions to be reviewed in the 1988-89 term. A list of all cases discussed, including case citations, is included. (MLF)…

Burton, Leone (1993). Management, "Race," and Gender: An Unlikely Alliance?. British Educational Research Journal, v19 n3 p275-90. Reports on a study of 39 females and minority females and males in British educational institutions who achieved senior management positions. Describes their experiences and identifies the themes, strategies, and institutional structures. Finds that many institutions failed to implement policies and strategies that address underrepresented groups. (CFR)…

(1992). Talk About It: Democracy Begins in Human Conversation. Teaching Tolerance, v1 n2 p53-55 Fall. Discusses the importance of fostering conversation about difficult issues such as racism and injustice. Offers six guidelines for teacher facilitated group discussions in the classroom about sensitive issues that cover planning, goals, setting the stage, rules, and encouraging openness. (JB)…

Minami, Dale (1990). Guerrilla War at UCLA: Political and Legal Dimensions of the Tenure Battle. Amerasia Journal, v16 n1 p81-107. Shows how political campaigning and legal action won a three-year battle (beginning in 1986) for tenure by an Asian Pacific American professor, D. Nakanishi, at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). Describes the case's academic context, explains the legal alternatives, and analyzes the legal/political strategy adopted. (JB)…

Nakanishi, Don T. (1990). Why I Fought. Amerasia Journal, v16 n1 p139-58. An Asian Pacific American professor, D. T. Nakanishi, describes his decision to fight the University of California Los Angeles' initial denial of tenure, including the legal and tactical considerations involved, his sense of generational duty, the case's importance for other Asian Americans, and the personal pain and suffering involved. (JB)…

Hawley, Willis D.; Wheelock, Anne (1993). What Next? Promoting Alternatives to Ability Grouping. Journal of Intergroup Relations, v20 n1 p65-74 Spr. Suggests ways to eliminate ability grouping in the schools, and explores new alternatives to improve schooling for all students. Specific guidelines are given for the development of academically and racially heterogeneous schooling. The elimination of grouping practices that deny equal access to education is a goal worth pursuing. (SLD)…

James, David P. (1991). Minority Student Retention: The Prince George's Community College Program. New Directions for Community Colleges, n74 p57-62 Sum. Describes Prince George's Community College's Black and Minority Student Retention Programs, focusing on enrollment patterns, initial retention efforts, program objectives, support services provided, selection criteria for students, and the mentoring component. Traces program growth and presents evaluation results. (DMM)… [Direct]

Cullen, Deborah L.; Luna, Gaye (1993). Women Mentoring in Academe: Addressing the Gender Gap in Higher Education. Gender and Education, v5 n2 p125-37. Explores mentoring functions that senior women provided to juniors in academe, and identifies limitations on female mentoring. Interviews with 24 women in administrative positions indicate that senior women favor career mentoring and provide less psychosocial support. Recommendations are made for academic institutions interested in using mentoring strategies to advance women. (SLD)…

Stephens, Jessica E. (1999). Wanted: Minority Educators for U.S. Schools. School Business Affairs, v65 n5 p37-42 May. Although necessary for a diversified student body, minority teachers are underrepresented due to a lingering resistance to integration efforts, unappealing classroom conditions, salary issues, and culturally biased professional exams. Equitable placement procedures, incentives, competitive salaries, mentoring programs, subject-area recruitment, and multicultural training are partial remedies. (26 references) (MLH)…

(2001). News and Views. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n31 p8-88 Spr. This collection of articles includes such topics as: the shrinking number of white students at black colleges; the consequences of a nationwide ban on race-sensitive college admissions; a racially offensive Web site; reduction in overall crime rates at historically black colleges; black women dominating higher education; and Harvard Law School celebrating its black alumni. (SM)…

Cross, Theodore, Ed.; And Others (1996). Black Scholars Hold a Pessimistic Outlook for African American Prospects in Higher Education. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n11 p74-77 Spr. Discusses survey findings that show black academics are highly pessimistic in their view of the future of blacks in higher education. Reasons include the following: curtailment of federal support for black colleges over the next five years; continued built-in test bias against blacks; no improvement in campus race relations; and persistent racial barriers against black faculty. (GR)…

Green, Preston C., III; Gutierrez, Kathrine J. (2004). Re-Examining Race-Based Admissions Processes of American Institutions of Higher Education Using Multi-Dimensional Ethical Perspectives. Journal of Educational Administration, v42 n2 p236-248. The Supreme Court of the USA explains when universities may use race-based admissions policies without violating the Equal Protection Clause of the US Constitution. These rulings raise important ethical issues for universities that are presently using race as a consideration in their admissions decisions. This paper discusses some of the ethical issues presented by the Supreme Court's decisions in the "Regents of the University of California v. Bakke," "Grutter v. Bollinger," and "Gratz v. Bollinger" cases. A summary of the "Bakke," "Grutter," and "Gratz" cases is provided as well as an analysis of these decisions using an ethical framework that incorporates five perspectives: ethic of critique, ethic of justice, ethic of profession, ethic of care, and ethic of community. The accompanying discussion highlights areas of agreement and conflict between the goals of race-based university admissions policies and the… [Direct]

Baugh, John (2006). Linguistic Considerations Pertaining to "Brown v. Board": Exposing Racial Fallacies in the New Millennium. Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, v105 n2 p90-103 Oct. "Brown v. Board of Education" reminds this author, a linguist, of the linguistic diversity among black Americans, be they descendants of enslaved Africans–as he is proud to be–or Africans who escaped slavery. There is as much linguistic diversity among their race as among any other racial or ethnic group in the United States. When the Supreme Court handed down its landmark decision, "Brown" was hailed as the case that would lead to educational equality for all African Americans. That vision, however, has yet to be realized. In part, that is because, since "Brown," they have come to understand that racial segregation was only one obstacle standing in their way. This paper seeks to introduce some neglected linguistic dimensions into this realm, with particular attention to the "Brown" ruling and the growing linguistic diversity of black America. (Contains 1 figure.)… [Direct]

(1995). Perspective of the California Postsecondary Education Commission on Educational Equity. This publication sets forward the California State Postsecondary Education Commission's historical and present perspective on educational equity in California higher education and was prompted by Governor Wilson's June 1, 1995 Executive Order to End Preferential Treatment and to Promote Individual Opportunity Based on Merit (Executive Order W-124-95). The statement draws on the Master Plan for Higher Education, the California Education Code, and the Commission's adopted policies and recommendations on educational equity. The Commission believes that educational equity is vital to the state's economic and social future and that the focus of attention ought to be on the preparation of students for college, particularly for meeting eligibility requirements for California State University and the University of California institutions. The Commission notes that it has long supported effective collaborative student preparation programs whose goals are to enhance the number of students who… [PDF]

Harris, Zelema M.; Kayes, Pauline (1995). Multicultural and International Challenges to the Community College: A Model for College-Wide Proactive Response. Parkland College, in Illinois, has taken a proactive approach to responding to the multicultural and international challenges facing all community colleges. The action has been spurred by national indicators that suggest that the nation's workforce is becoming older, is being comprised of more female members, is including more members from traditionally minority groups, and will include jobs requiring higher skill levels. The college's approach was also based on a review of local conditions, including Parkland's mission and objectives and changing demographics of the community, students, and faculty and staff. The resulting initiative called for changes in the following areas: (1) school policies and procedures to eliminate exclusive policies; (2) school culture and the hidden curriculum (i.e., the underlying attitudes transmitted to students), resulting in the offering of diversity training for students, faculty, and staff; (3) the dominant learning styles at the college, resulting… [PDF]

Clagett, Craig A. (1992). Assessing County Support for Maryland Community Colleges: An Institutional Research Success Story. At Prince George's Community College (PGCC) in Largo, Maryland, a number of environmental and revenue changes in the 1980's resulted in complex political issues for the college. Changes in the county's black population (from 14% in 1970 to 51% in 1990) meant that the faculty's composition no longer reflected the diversity of the student population. Tuition fees at PGCC from 1985 to 1992 continued to surpass the state average, reaching 12% higher than the next most expensive Maryland state two-year college in 1992. Questions from legislators and the county concerning minority hiring policies and the high tuition fees abounded. In 1991, a state law was passed requiring PGCC, and only PGCC, to provide a detailed costs analysis report annually to the General Assembly. In January 1991, PGCC's office of institutional research initiated a study of comparative county aid to community colleges in Maryland. The study revealed that between fiscal years (FY's) 1987-90, Prince George's County… [PDF]

(1992). Democracy's Next Generation II: A Study of American Youth on Race. This report presents the results of a national study of American youth on relations between the races, particularly black-white relations. The study surveyed youth between the ages of 15 and 24 years in three parts: (1) a national telephone survey of 1,170 young people; (2) face-to-face, in-depth interviews with 78 additional young people nationwide; and (3) two focus groups with young whites–one group college-educated, the other not–in Raleigh, North Caorlina. The publication begins with a group portrait derived from the study of the children of the Civil Rights Era including a discussion of the racial divisions, hopeful trends among youth on race, and a vision of a new moral consensus on race. The second major part presents the study and its findings. After an introduction and executive summary, key findings are analyzed in the following eight sections: (1) social perspectives; (2) social values; (3) views of race relations in America; (4) race relations and personal…

Haskins, James (1992). Thurgood Marshall: A Life for Justice. This biography for young readers recounts in 10 chapters, the life of Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, and focuses on his life as a civil rights litigator who played a key role in the integration of education in the United States. Marshall's family history; boyhood and schooling in Baltimore (Maryland) and New York City; decision to attend a small all-black college, Lincoln University in Pennsylvania; experiences at Lincoln University; marriage in his junior year; college major in pre-dentistry; and decision in his senior year to go on to law school at Howard University Law School in the District of Columbia, where he had early experiences working for law professors on civil rights cases, are discussed. The following topics are highlighted: (1) Marshall's work as director-counsel for the Legal Defense and Education Fund of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; (2) his legal work for blacks during World War II; (3) his efforts under discouraging…

Pedersen, Paul B.; Ponterotto, Joseph G. (1993). Preventing Prejudice. A Guide for Counselors and Educators. Multicultural Aspects of Counseling Series 2. A model and a mechanism are presented for improving interracial and multiethnic relations. The need for multicultural awareness programs to be preventive, developmental, and long-term is emphasized. A comprehensive theoretical context of racial and ethnic identity serves as the foundation for planning and directing multicultural programs. Part 1, \Understanding Prejudice and Racism,\ includes three chapters that provide the background needed to understand prejudice and racism. In Part 2, \Racial/Ethnic Identity Development,\ two chapters provide the theoretical basis for work in multicultural awareness and prejudice prevention. A pragmatic approach is the focus of Parts 3 and 4. Part 3 outlines intervention roles for counselors and educators, with a series of developmentally sequenced exercises. Part 4 contains an overview of the leading assessment instruments and resources for use in multicultural education. Appendixes contain the Social Attitudes Scale and the Multicultural…

Gutierrez, Oscar, Ed. (1998). Report of the Texas Commission on a Representative Student Body. This report results from the 1996 U.S. Supreme Court decision, Hopwood v. Texas, which declared that race may not be taken into account for the purpose of creating a diverse student body. The report offers recommendations to Texas policymakers and educators concerning creative approaches to encourage more representative student bodies in light of this decision. Short-term and long-term recommendations are made for programs and strategies in three areas: recruitment and admissions, retention, and financial aid. Discussion of the issues and effective strategies in each of these areas is followed by presentation of ten major recommendations, including the following: (1) creation of a fund for supplementary financing of recruitment programs; (2) creation of incentives for two-year students to earn an associate degree or transfer to a four-year college; (3) increases in state financial aid funding; (4) expansion of current work-study programs; (5) expansion of partnerships between the… [PDF]

(1992). School Desegregation–The Unfinished Agenda. Proceedings from the Daisy Bates Educational Summit (Little Rock, Arkansas, May 9-11, 1991). This publication presents the proceedings of an educational summit held in May 1991 to honor D. Bates and to examine the unfinished agenda of the desegregation movement. Bates was President of the Arkansas State Conference of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) when the Little Rock (Arkansas) School Board voted to desegregate Central High School in 1957. At the summit in 1991, 21 education scholars, NAACP staff and national board members, state and local NAACP presidents, and selected education and legal redress chairpersons gathered to discuss the current status and future prospects for school desegregation. The proceedings are presented in a narrative form concerning the following topics or sections: (1) introduction; (2) conference overview; (3) whether school desegregation is still feasible; (4) desegregation successes and failures; (5) second and third generation desegregation (within school segregation and unequal educational outcomes); (6)…

Shultz, Eileen L.; And Others (1992). Perceptions of Institutional Climate. A study was conducted at Kutztown University (Pennsylvania) to examine issues affecting women in higher education. Areas addressed in the study include aspirations for advancement, perceptions of family support, perceived institutional support, perceived barriers to advancement, and networks perceived to support faculty. Data were solicited through a survey from all faculty members (N=340), half of whom responded. Data from the survey provide a profile of male and female faculty and suggest that the university is still operating within a male-dominated organizational structure with a glass ceiling still in place. Results suggest: women must network and form supportive internal structures that include mentoring; a need exists to reexamine current hiring practices at the university; greater institutional support is needed for faculty; the most attractive support is found to be in professional development monies awarded for research and professional opportunities; and the main sources… [PDF]

(1992). Maintaining Inequality: A Background Packet on Tracking and Ability Grouping. This document includes a selection of materials from the National Coalition of Education Activists (NCEA) on tracking and ability grouping designed to be a tool for teachers who wish to organize their school or district against tracking. The packet contains a cover letter, a response/feedback form, and reproductions of the following articles: (1) \What is Tracking?\ (NCEA); (2) \Tracking: Maintaining Inequality\ (NCEA); (3) \Selma High Student Speaks Out\ (an interview with M. Sanders); (4) \My Tracking Experience\ (C. Richard); (5) \The Pigs\ (M. Schwabe); (6) \What's Wrong with Tracking\ (S. Karp); and (7) \Tracking: An Old Solution Creates New Problems (a chapter from \Making the Best of Schools\ by J. Oakes and M. Lipton). Also included is a list of 11 resources on tracking. (JB)…

(1992). Opening up the Mathematics and Science Filters: Our Schools Did It, So Can Yours! A Nine Step Guide to Increasing Minority Student Participation in Mathematics and Science. This publication is a practical guide to implementing the Mathematics, Science, and Minorities: K-6 (MSM: K-6) Project, a program to increase minority student participation in mathematics and sciences in the kindergarten through sixth grade levels. The guide is organized into five parts. Part 1 is an introduction that explains why minority participation in mathematics and sciences is important, describes how this particular project began, notes typical obstacles to be overcome, and describes project components. Part 2 contains four testimonials from different schools that have implemented the project in the District of Columbia metropolitan area. Two accounts are told from the teacher's point of view, one is a principal's reflection, and the other is told from the guidance counselor's point of view. Part 3 is the key section that describes a nine-step implementation process (determining the nature of the problem, deciding how to get started, developing goals, identifying leadership… [PDF]

King, Diane (1994). Providing Leaders in ADA Compliance: A Business/Education Alliance. In an effort to help businesses comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 and equal opportunity employment practices, Miami-Dade Community College, in Florida, established the Microcomputer Education for Employment of the Disabled (MEED) Program, training disabled adults for careers as business applications software specialists. The MEED program focuses on technical skills training, job skills development, and interpersonal skills. Participants meet 8 hours a day, 4 to 5 days a week for 9 months, and then are placed in a 3-month internship with a local corporation. MEED is supported by Rotary International and over 100 local companies and organizations who comprise the Business Advisory Council. Council members provide resources, scholarships, equipment, and services and take active roles interviewing and selecting participants, delivering lectures, and acting as mentors. Throughout the program, the emphasis is on job readiness and placement. While MEED does not… [PDF]

Evans, Robert W.; Nieman, Ronald H. (1992). The Bronson Settlement Review: Year Eight 1991-92. The Cincinnati (Ohio) Public School System was evaluated for the eighth year on progress on ongoing issues resulting from the Bronson Settlement, a court ordered equal education program. This year's evaluation focused on staff racial balance, the Coalition of Innovative Schools, student discipline, and continuation of Bronson initiatives. The district was released from continued court involvement in staff racial balance when the teaching staffs of each district school were brought within the established guidelines in September, 1991. The Coalition for Innovative Schools was modified in 1991, and the success experienced in the first years of the program was documented once again. The district addressed student discipline, focusing on the disproportionate number of suspensions of black students through court-instigated recommendations, increases in the in-school suspension classes, involving many of the staff and students in disciples-related training programs, and work done by the… [PDF]

(1984). Looking to the Future: Equal Partnership between Women and Men in the 21st Century. Information about the world conferences for and about women held during the United Nations' Decade for Women, 1975-1985, demonstrates that women have been responsible for promoting change on local, national, and international levels. The booklet begins with a chronology of the events leading up to and including the decade and its conferences. Overviews of the two conferences held to date–the Mexico City (Mexico) conference of 1975 and the Copenhagen (Denmark) conference of 1980–are presented. Some documents from each conference are presented in a condensed form. The purpose and functions of the third world conference on women to be held in 1985 in Nairobi, Kenya, are discussed. Organized into non-governmental associations which interact with governments, women have promoted changes aimed at advancing the status of women, contributing to economic development, and promoting peace and international understanding. (RM)…

(1982). Oversight of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, Ninety-Seventh Congress, Second Session. Examination of Certain Financial Management Practices within the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. This congressional report contains testimony that examines certain financial management practices within the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Among those agencies represented at the hearing were the General Accounting Office, the EEOC, the Office of Program Planning and Evaluation, the Office of Special Projects and Programs, and Georgetown University. The focus of the hearing was on various management and financial problems in the EEOC, such as unreliable and inaccurate records, inadequate fund controls, unrecorded transactions, and mismanagement of funds that may possibly have involved violations of the law. (MN)… [PDF]