(1989). Paradoxes in Black Economic Progress: Incomes, Families, and the Underclass. Discussion Paper. This paper is a product of the \Changing Domestic Priorities\ project which has examined the shifts taking place in the nation's economic and social policies under the Reagan Administration and is now focusing on the major economic and social problems facing the nation over the coming decade. The following topics are discussed in this paper: (1) trends in black economic progress; (2) how these trends may have contributed to the development of an underclass; (3) new estimates of the size and growth of the underclass in a non-technical way; and (4) the implications of these trends for policies aimed at reducing some of the remaining disparities between blacks and whites and assisting the most severely disadvantaged blacks. Three tables, three figures, and 41 references are included. (JS)… [PDF]
(1985). Florida Keys Community College's College Reach-Out Program. Because of its Reach-Out Program, Florida Keys Community College (FKCC) has been successful in recruiting black high school students to achieve its highest proportion of racial parity in first-time-in-college enrollments (i.e., 5.2%). Through its Eighth Grade Visitation Program, High School Recruitment Program, and other components, the Reach-Out Program has attempted to: (1) identify students who do not realize the value of postsecondary education; (2) counsel/advise students and parents through the Financial Aid Awareness Seminar, College Visitation Day, and Eighth Grade Visitation Program, as well as the FKCC slide show; (3) provide supplemental instruction in study skills through the publication of \Your Quick Guide to Success in College\; and (4) offer instruction on the relationship between learning skills and economic/social mobility in mini-lectures presented during the Visitation Program and College Visitation Day. This report on the Reach-Out Program includes a summary of…
(1988). Strategies for Increasing Retention of Hispanic Students in Community Colleges. A study was conducted to determine the strategies used by 145 community colleges in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas to meet the educational needs of Hispanic students and to investigate the relationship between these strategies and Hispanic student retention rate. Questionnaires were sent to the presidents of Southwestern community colleges with a 5% or greater Hispanic enrollment, requesting information on retention rates and strategies in effect. Study findings, based on responses from 88 colleges, included the following: (1) 50% of the colleges actively recruited Hispanic students; (2) 37.5% offered financial aid; (3) 92% provided academic advising about transferability of courses, 70.5% career counseling into selective programs, 88.6% academic support services, and 21.5% special orientation; (4) 38.6% offered bilingual courses, 55.6% English as a Second Language (ESL) courses, 50% Hispanic studies courses, and 100% developmental courses; (5) 89.8% had mandatory…
(1984). Assessing Faculty Salary Equity. Association for Institutional Research, n20 Fall. Approaches for undertaking a faculty salary equity analysis are discussed. An institutional researcher must have a clear understanding as to why the study is being performed. Faculty handbooks and policy manuals are good starting points for determining how salary decisions are made. Once the salary allocation criteria have been identified, the next step is to translate those criteria into quantifiable variables. Much of the data needed for variables representing individual qualifications can be obtained from records maintained by the university personnel and payroll departments. The most reliable data elements probably will be those used in ongoing administrative processes like payroll and reappointment. Statistical procedures and tests of significance that are helpful to the researcher include: the chi-square, t-test, correlation, and analysis of variance. Three multivariate techniques frequently used for salary studies are analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, and multiple… [PDF]
(1981). Equity from a Vocational Teacher Educator's Perspective. Research and Development Series No. 214Q. Vocational teacher educators need to take an active role in the move toward ensuring equity in vocational education. Tradition appears to be the major obstacle to achievement of sex equity in vocational occupations, and the workrole perception of vocational teachers, teacher educators, vocational guidance counselors, and administrators has likewise been molded by the sex role traditions of society. Race and ethnic discrimination is more subtle. Grossly unequal enrollments continue in vocational programs, and this can only lead to prepetuation and prolongation of inequity in employment for women, the handicapped, and minorities. Some strategies that have been used to promote equity in vocational programs include sensitivity workshops or activities; interdisciplinary teams; using sound research relating to equity concerns and problems that pertain to vocational education, occupational equity, and employment opportunities to modify teacher education programs; redesign of teacher… [PDF]
(1981). Index of Federal Regulations and Court Cases on the Implementation of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. This index is divided into two sections: an Index on Federal Regulations and an Abstracts section of Court Cases and Administrative Decisions. Section 1 provides a topic index and comparison of contents and coverage of 16 federal departments with regulations established as of August 1981. Presented in tabular form, this index shows major topics and subtopics; in alphabetical order, names of each federal department whose regulations are cited; Federal Register volume numbers, dates, and Codes of Federal Regulations; specific regulation sections or "part numbers"; and "subpart numbers." Seven topics are covered: Administrative Requirements; Assurances; Discrimination; Education (all but postsecondary); Education–Postsecondary; Employment; Health, Welfare, and Social Services; and Program Accessibility. An appendix lists federal departments with regulations, guidelines, or requirements. Section 2 provides short summaries of court cases (1976-81) and administrative…
(1982). Economic Status of Women. Hearing before the Joint Economic Committee. Congress of the United States, Ninety-Seventh Congress, Second Session. This document is a transcript of a Congressional hearing on the economic status of women held by the Joint Economic Committee on February 3, 1982. Witnesses who testified at the hearing included Representatives Reuss, Richmond, Heckler, Wylie and Schroeder, Senators Jepsen and Kassenbaum, and a number of women active in women's equality programs. Witnesses focused their discussions largely on two of the problems that confront women today: the inequities faced by women in the labor market and the inability of low-income women to escape poverty and dependence on welfare. Witnesses testified that women's progress in the labor market has been slow, with more than two-thirds of women earning less than $10,000 per year; even for college graduate women, the median was only about 60 percent of the median wage for men. These gaps cannot be explained by differences in skills or productivity, said the witnesses, but have much more to do with occupational patterns, the concentration of women in… [PDF]
(1976). The Creative Woman: A Report of the Committee on the Arts and Humanities. This monograph presents a report on the status of women in the arts and humanities. The report points out the inequities and sex discrimination widespread in the field. Inequities occur in salary, opportunity of employment, and advancement to higher positions. The study was prepared by a Committee on the Arts and Humanities designated by the National Commission for the Observance of International Women's Year. Information was gathered from four major sources: (1) testimony in seven hearings before the Commission; (2) women working in the arts and humanities; (3) selected survey of private foundations; and (4) selective public members with specific and general knowledge of the field. Information in the report addresses itself to the creative and performing arts, architecture, cultural institutions such as libraries and museums, private foundations, teachers of the arts and humanities, and the government. The Committee recommended that women be appointed to managerial, administrative,…
(1981). Growing Opportunities for Women in Mathematics and the Sciences. Conference Proceedings (1st, New York, NY, February 28, 1981). This report presents the proceedings of a conference on career opportunities for women in mathematics and the sciences. In keynote remarks, Eloise Clark discusses how the recently passed National Science Foundation Authorization Bill for 1981 provides for the participation of women, minorities, and the handicapped in science, and outlines some of the problems that might be expected in implementing the legislation. Dr. Clark furthermore discusses future challenges to science and technology that will be posed primarily by financial support considerations. Anne Briscoe emphasizes that in the struggle for equal employment opportunities, women and other minority groups must work together rather than compete with one another. Jonathan Cole discusses the issues involved in combining career with marriage, the community role in recognizing equal opportunities for women, and Federal support for women's participation in science. Francine Essien describes the factors that might influence…
(1980). Academic Renewal in the Seventies: Memoirs of a City College President. A personal account of the years 1970 to 1979 at The City College of New York is presented in the form of memoirs of the eighth president of City College, Robert E. Marshak. Topics discussed include: the history of City College, urban higher education, open admissions, the liberal arts, ethnic studies, professional training, biomedical education, community outreach of the college, fund-raising for urban public education, the tax-levy budget, and private fund-raising. It is argued that during the years between 1964 and 1970, colleges and universities were the centers of disruptions and social explosions that emanated from social, economic, political ethnic, and generational forces. Many American campuses were physically surrounded by racial minorities whose expectations and anticipations had been elevated to new highs by federal court decisions and legislation in the earlier years of the decade, and whose disappointment and frustration of the nonrealization of the promised… [PDF]
(1978). Women and their Professional Future: An Assessment of Training Needs and Training Programs in Morocco. This report examines the professional future of women in Morocco. There are five major sections. Section one provides background information about the report. An exploratory trip was made to Morocco to (1) investigate ways to promote the entry of a large number of women into the public sector and social service agencies and to upgrade those women who are currently employed into more responsible positions, and (2) identify local training organizations which do or can operate training programs for women. Section two describes the educational system of Morocco. There is a great deal of failure and withdrawal at all levels. Section three, entitled "Identification of Training Needs," deals first with common themes that emerged in discussions regarding particular areas of training for which there is national need and then identifies the particular segment of the female population which is in greatest need to participate in any projected training program. This is followed by a…
(1981). The Impact of Desegregation on Higher Education. Proceedings of the National Conference on Desegregation in Higher Education (Raleigh, North Carolina, July 18-20, 1979). The first National Conference on Desegregation in Higher Education was held in response to the issues of segregation, desegregation, and integration within postsecondary institutions. This book presents the proceedings of the conference. An introduction to the conference presentations and an overview of the proceedings comprise Part I. Part II contains the keynote address, which discusses research studies on the impact of desegregation on higher education. Part III includes five papers which focus on the impact of current desegregation policies on students. Part IV and V present two major addresses on Federal and State influences on the desegregation of traditionally black postsecondary institutions and on faculty and staff recruitment, promotion, tenure, and retirement. Two papers concerned with the impact of desegregation policy on statewide systems of higher education are included in Part VII. Part VIII presents two addresses focused on the impact of legal and governmental…
(1978). Special Programs for Female and Minority Graduate Students. Higher Education Panel Report, Number 41. A study was conducted to assess the extent to which academic institutions are currently providing special assistance to women and minorities for graduate study. The survey was limited to formal programs designed specifically for female or minority students and is not an inventory of all opportunities. Coeducational and predominantly white colleges and universities awarding a professional degree, doctorate degree, or other degree beyond the master's were surveyed. Usable data were received from 311 institutions for a response rate of 91 percent. National estimates were obtained by weighting each response by the ratio of the number of institutions in the population to the number that responded. Nearly half of the doctoral and professional institutions offered some form of special recruitment, academic, or financial aid program to benefit female or minority graduate students. The degree of involvement varied by the control of the institution as well as by the type, with universities… [PDF]
(1980). Need to Ensure Nondiscrimination in CETA Programs. Report to the Congress of the United States by the Comptroller General. A General Accounting Office (GAO) review assessed enforcement of provisions prohibiting discrimination to people within five protected categories–race, national origin, sex, age, and handicap–in the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) program. It evaluated Department of Labor (DOL) and prime sponsor policies and procedures for ensuring nondiscrimination both in program services provided by recipients of federal financial assistance and in recipients' employment practices. The review was performed at DOL's headquarters (Washington, D.C.), three of DOL's regional offices, and eleven of tne 460 CETA prime sponsors. GAO found that (1) the prime sponsors generally do not adequately serve significant segments, (2) DOL needs better reporting or servicing of significant segments, (3) DOL and prime sponsors need to improve monitoring and evaluation of equal opportunity activities, (4) prime sponsors need to improve design of programs to better service all segments, and (5)… [PDF]
(1980). The Law on Reduction-in-Force: A Summary of Legislation and Litigation. ERS Monograph. Declining enrollment and lower teacher turnover have forced many school districts to reduce the number of professional personnel employed. State legislatures, the courts, and local collective negotiations have been the principal scenes of legal activity concerning reduction in force (RIF). In this monograph, both technical legal information and direct assistance are provided to practicing school administrators and school boards. The monograph summarizes RIF legislation and litigation, including collective bargaining cases where generalizable. The focus is on loss of positions by teachers for nonpersonal reasons. The analysis considers cases involving other professional school staff, such as principals, as well as peripheral issues, such as demotion and transfer, only as they relate to this primary focus. Footnotes and a glossary of selected legal terms conclude the monograph. (Author/MLF)…