Narine, Marcia L. (1992). Single-Sex, Single Race Public Schools: A Solution to the Problems Plaguing the Black Community?. This paper analyzes educational and social forces that prevent black males from achieving in school and policies that separate black males by race and gender from the general school population. The policy, social, and legal ramifications of plans for at-risk black male students in New York City, Baltimore (Maryland), Milwaukee (Wisconsin), and Detroit (Michigan) are discussed. Focus is on determining whether school boards need to separate children on the basis of race, thereby abandoning the integration ideal of the Civil Rights Movement, and whether black boys need to be separated from girls in order to learn. Part I discusses the state of black America today; shows reasons why the educational system must change to save black males and the black community; and shows that the current system does not work as evidenced by the levels of blacks in politics, economics, business, and poverty. Part II discusses whether or not integration helped blacks; shows that many blacks are still in… [PDF]

(1991). A New Agenda for Educational Equity. Education in a Changing South: New Policies, Patterns and Programs. Report on the Annual Continuing Conference (9th, Atlanta, Georgia, November 5-7, 1991). This publication presents the proceedings of a conference on African Americans and educational equity in the southern United States. A brief overview opens the publication followed by information on Jean Fairfax, recipient at the conference of the John A. Griffin Award for Advancing Equity in Education. Other presentations are included as follows: (1) "A Perspective on the Continuing Struggle for Equity" (J. Fairfax); (2) "Evolving Legal Approaches to Equity" (J. L. Chambers); (3) "Some Thoughts on Rights and Remedies" (D. Bell); (4) "Financing Education in Troubled Times" (K. McGuire and B. Canada); (5) "Schools and Communities: Citizen Involvement in Quality Education" (S. Prighozy and A. Blackwell); (6) "Achieving Educational Equity: A Comprehensive Urban Approach" (W. W. Herenton); (7) "Adams Revisited: Equity in Higher Education" (W. R. Cleere and H. Wilson); (8) "Comprehensive Services: Their Role in… [PDF]

Gottfredson, Gary D.; And Others (1992). Meeting the Challenges of Multicultural Education: A Report from the Evaluation of Pittsburgh's Prospect Multicultural Education Center. This report presents an evaluation of the Multicultural Education Demonstration Program in Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania), an effort to address racial and ethnic diversity in a middle school. The report covers the implementation of the program since its inception in May 1989 through the beginning of the 1991-92 school year. It describes the program's status and the status of six challenges it addresses: (1) respect and understanding for all groups; (2) community confidence in the school; (3) ownership of the multicultural ideal among staff, students, parents, and the community; (4) student psychosocial development; (5) enhanced student career and educational aspirations; and (6) improvement in the academic achievement of all groups. Section I provides background in the multicultural education movement and then presents the aims of the program. Section II describes the current status of the program's six challenges and presents data on implementation of the program and on challenges that… [PDF]

(1993). Making Schools Safe for Gay and Lesbian Youth: Breaking the Silence in Schools and in Families. Education Report. The Massachusetts Commission on Gay and Lesbian Youth prepared its first annual report on various issues of concern to homosexual youth. The Commission seeks to work on prevention of youth suicide, violence prevention, and prevention of problems faced by young homosexuals in schools and the family. The Commission sought information from a series of five public hearings across the state in the fall of 1992. National studies and professional articles were also consulted as well as surveys of local high school students' attitudes about gay and lesbian youth issues. Problems facing this group include harassment in school, isolation and suicide, dropping out and poor school performance, lack of adult role models, and lack of understanding in their families. Exploration of these problems led to the following series of recommendations to make Massachusetts school environments safe for gay and lesbian students: (1) implement school policies protecting gay and lesbian from discrimination;…

(1992). Operational Definitions and Baseline Data for the Higher Education Coordinating Board Policy on Minority Participation and Diversity. In January, 1991, the Higher Education Coordinating Board established a Policy on Minority Participation and Diversity for the public postsecondary education system in the State of Washington. Included in this policy were short- and long-term goals for increasing participation and success by people of color and cultural diversity. Five areas are covered: student enrollment; student retention; degree completion; faculty and staff employment; and institutional climate. This paper serves as a resource for institutional planning and action. It provides operational definitions of terms and measures used to define the statewide goals. It also contains baseline data and information for the four-year and community/technical college systems that are crucial to understanding the commitment and effort necessary to achieve progress and meet or exceed the Board's statewide goals. An appendix includes an outline of the specific statewide goals in each of the five areas of concentration. (GLR)… [PDF]

Harvey, Diane, Ed.; Leighton, Lallie Dawson, Ed. (1993). Charting the Future: Research Libraries Prepare for the 21st Century. Minutes of the Meeting (121st, Arlington, Virginia, October 21-23, 1992). The first program session, "Exercising Fair Use Rights in the '90s and Beyond," addressed the exercise of fair use rights, focusing on intellectual property management with special emphasis on the rights and perspectives of users, librarians, and educational institutions. The second session, "Organizational Change and Leadership," dealt with leadership and change. The next session, "Meeting the Challenges of a Culturally Diverse Environment," examined academic and research library responses to the challenge of a culturally diverse society and focused on effective initiatives being undertaken by academic and research libraries and the higher education community to bring under-represented minorities into the workplace. The final session, "Meeting User Requirements for Multi-Disciplinary Research," addressed the needs of scholars engaged in multi-disciplinary research. A report on ARL's activities, an attendance list, and an ARL membership list… [PDF]

(1993). Peer Mentoring Program Handbook. In September 1992, a peer mentoring program was initiated at Santa Rosa Junior College (SRJC), in California, to address the disproportionately low enrollment and retention rates of minority and disabled students. This handbook is designed for colleges considering establishing similar mentoring programs and provides background information on SRJC's program and sample program materials. Following a brief preface, the objectives and outcomes for the first year of the program are described, identifying the main objectives as program development, trainee recruitment, mentor selection, the establishment of outreach programs, high school student recruitment, and increasing the visibility and recognition of underrepresented students at the college. This section also indicates that 40 underrepresented students were enrolled in the program, 30 completed the program, and 20 of these completers were selected to be peer mentors. Information is then provided on project management, the… [PDF]

(1980). The Black Advisory Committee of Valencia Community College. Guidelines. Information and guidelines are presented in this report on the Black Advisory Committee (BAC) at Valencia Community College, which was created to monitor and assess the progress made by the college in increasing the enrollment and meeting the needs of black students. The preface outlines the history of the BAC's creation, the needs that the committee was designed to address, and its current role as a sounding board for matters pertaining to minority students. Next, guidelines for the BAC specify: (1) the status of the committee; (2) its purposes, i.e., to be a source of information for the college president, to assist in recruiting and retaining black personnel and students, and to develop a positive image of the college in the community; (3) its membership, which consists of people from the black community, administrators, faculty, and staff; (4) the offices and tenure of committee members; and (5) the frequency of meetings. Appended material provides BAC recommendations to the… [PDF]

(1984). Who's There? Interviewing Techniques for Small Businesses. The WorkForce Series for Small Businesses. This guide presents interviewing techniques for managers who hire young and/or entry-level workers in small businesses. The guide is designed to help managers (1) give the information the applicant needs in an employment interview; (2) keep personal biases from entering into the hiring process; (3) ask questions that will get the information they need to make a hiring decision; and (4) structure the interview so that they can establish rapport with the applicant, but still maintain control of the conversation. The guide uses case studies to illustrate the interviewing techniques that are suggested. Key points are summarized at the end of the booklet, and a review quiz with answers is provided. A list of suggested resources completes the guide. (KC)…

Ellison, Nolen M.; And Others (1987). Mapping an Institutional Strategy for Improving the Success of Minority Students. Minority groups in general and blacks in particular are rapidly losing participation ground in higher education. Minority students are more likely than are other students to drop from the educational pipeline at every level, and are more likely to leave secondary school before graduation, reducing the number of students qualified to apply for college admission. In attempting to help students overcome both personal and structural barriers to higher education, Cuyahoga Community College (CCC) in Ohio has focused primarily on a strategy of inter-institutional articulation, seeking to smooth the transitions which students must make from secondary schools to two-year schools to four-year schools. The major elements of change affected by CCC's articulation approach are curricular improvements, academic and support services, development of student information systems, and enhancement of transfer agreements and opportunities. CCC's Urban Demonstration Model provides an effective theoretical…

Feldman, Marvin (1986). Minority Enrollment at the Fashion Institute of Technology. In the past 15 years, Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) has developed and successfully implemented a plan to recruit, keep, and graduate minority students. The strategic plan that was developed in 1971 stressed attrition and placement as the only two criteria that would be used to measure institutional success. Minimizing attrition and ensuring placement required that an institutional climate be developed which was free from preconceived, condescending attitudes and which would make minorities feel welcome in the predominantly white college. Ongoing efforts to serve minorities include: (1) intensive recruitment campaigns involving community agencies and local high schools; (2) provision of student financial aid to most students; (3) education skills programs; (4) systematic efforts by placement counselors to respond to the special needs of minority graduates seeking jobs; and (5) special programs in Spanish and Chinese for non-English speakers. The success of these efforts is…

(1986). On Campus with Women. Spring 1986 [and] Summer 1986. On Campus with Women, v15 n4 Spr 1986 v16 n1 Sum. Developments in education, employment, and the courts concerning the status of women are covered in two newsletter issues. Included is an article from \Ms. Magazine\ entitled \Do SATs Shortchange Women?\ News items include the following: a salary bias court case, minority women in intercollegiate athletics, athletic scholarships for women, financing women's sports programs, gender-balancing the curriculum, networking for Hispanic women, child care on campus, sexual harassment prevention, acquaintance rape on campus, the status of women faculty, the U.S. Civil Rights Commission's position on comparable worth, women in computing, women in science and engineering, women in medicine, reasons that students major in science or mathematics, women's studies programs, part-time employment, an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission practice of not making settlements requiring employers to establish numerical goals for hiring and promoting women and minorities, a woman's yellow book to…

Meha, Arapata T. (1988). Student Retention: Catalyst for Institutional Change. The conceptual model for institutional change presented in this report was developed within the context of the University of Hawaii's Native Hawaiian Vocational Education Project (NHVEP), a systemwide initiative for increasing minority student persistence at community colleges. Chapter 1 discusses the problem of low retention among Native Hawaiian students and the need for institutional change to improve recruitment and retention services. After chapter 2 provides a review of the literature on institutional change, chapter 3 outlines the methodology used to conduct a case-study review of the NHVEP. Chapter 4 presents the case study itself, describing the background, objectives, activities, and organizational dynamics of the NHVEP. This chapter includes information on the demographics and academic participation and performance of Native Hawaiians, the impetus for the project, and a status report on the project. Finally, chapter 5 offers conclusions regarding: (1) methods used by… [PDF]

(1977). Almost As Fairly: The First Year of Title IX Implementation in Six Southern States. A Report. Volunteers from community organizations in six southern states monitored 21 school districts to find their districts' initial answer to Title IX, federal legislation barring sex discrimination. The actual monitoring of the 21 districts was completed in the late spring of 1976, with data covering the first year of Title IX implementation. The purpose of the project was to help local citizens arm themselves with the detailed information needed to substantiate violations of the law and seek remedies at the appropriate levels. The report is a formal complaint to the Office for Civil Rights, HEW, of Title IX violations for each school district monitored in the report. The report contains district findings on (1) initial compliance; (2) access to course offerings (physical education, vocational education, counseling and employment assistance); (3) athletics; (4) treatment of students, codes of dress and conduct; (5) employment opportunity; (6) pregnancy, marital status, and fringe…

Briggs, Vernon M., Jr., Ed.; Foltman, Felician F., Ed. (1981). Apprenticeship Research: Emerging Findings and Future Trends. Proceedings of a Conference on Apprenticeship Training (Washington, D.C., April 30-May 1, 1980). This conference sought to identify and evaluate critical developments within the contemporary apprenticeship training system. Input came from educators, scholars, federal officials, and persons from labor and management. Conference participants stated that more persons are in apprenticeships (395,000) in the United States than ever before, but there was no agreement about whether this supply of apprentices is large enough and is in the right occupational areas to prevent a skilled labor shortage in the future. Conference presenters stated that gains had been made in providing equal opportunity for minorities, especially blacks, during the past few years, through outreach programs and other nontraditional methods of recruitment. Gains have also been made by females, although the percentage of female apprentices remains low. The same is true for Hispanics, who are becoming increasingly vocal about their need for more apprenticeship opportunities. Other issues discussed by conference… [PDF]

Morris, Lorenzo; And Others (1981). Equal Educational Opportunity Scoreboard: The Status of Black Americans in Higher Education, 1970-1979. Fourth ISEP Status Report, Part I. This fourth report of the Institute for the Study of Educational Policy examines the status of black Americans in higher education from 1970 to 1979, with special consideration to a discussion of a basis of parity which takes into account the rapid growth of the black population and to enrollment patterns in traditionally black institutions of higher education. Total undergraduate enrollments by race, sex and ethnicity, and total black enrollment by type and control of institution are examined. Also analyzed are graduate and professional school enrollments by race and ethnicity; percent differences and percent growth in full-time, first professional school enrollment by race and ethnicity for 1974, 1976 and 1978; and enrollments in law and medical schools by race, ethnicity and national origin. Data on degrees conferred are treated similarly. Tables describing the age structure of student populations by race, and tables describing the educational attainment of the population by age…

(1981). Voc-Ed Update. An overview is presented of vocational education in Hawaii. The first two sections define vocational education and contrast it to employment training, emphasizing the need for coordination between secondary and postsecondary programs. Noting the impact of federal funding laws, the next section describes the composition and responsibilities of the state boards, councils and offices concerned with vocational education in Hawaii and the relationships among them. The federal role in vocational education is covered next and significant federal legislation in the field is reviewed since 1972. The accomplishments of vocational education are then illustrated in terms of steady enrollments, program completions, employer satisfaction, sex equity, and professional personnel training. The following section examines the challenges for vocational education in the 1980's. These include fiscal austerity which may require the curtailment of programs, support services and expansion; the role of…

Milanovich, Norma; Turpen, Kathryn (1980). A Manual of Strategies for Educational Equity for the Administrators, Faculty, Staff & Students of Our Public Schools. Plans for units and lessons that help make elementary and secondary students aware of sexism are presented in this book. The plans encompass the following curriculum areas: art, athletics and physical education, career education, language arts, mathematics, social studies, and special education. Each plan includes a statement of the problem, strategy descriptions, performance objectives, teaching procedures and resources, terms and definitions, evaluation procedures, and follow-up activities. Also presented are strategies that school administrators can use to help overcome discrepancies that result from sexist practices. Each administrator strategy plan includes a description of the problem, a rationale, goals and objectives, procedures, a time table, and evaluation techniques. Copies of transparencies for classroom use are included. (MK)…

Gottfredson, Linda S. (1978). Race and Sex Differences in Occupational Aspirations: Their Development and Consequences for Occupational Segregation. A study was conducted to examine race and sex differences in occupational aspirations and the role of these differences in perpetuating under- or overrepresentation of women and blacks in different occupations. The underrepresentation of women, especially blacks, in all levels of entrepreneurial jobs was stressed since these jobs constitute a large proportion of all jobs and pay better for less education than other fields. Data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress regarding occupational aspirations, values, and self-reported competencies of thirteen-year-olds, seventeen-year-olds, and adults aged twenty-six to thirty-five were used to examine race and sex differences in orientation to particular types of occupations. Based on these results, speculations were presented about how people adjust their occupational goals in ways that help perpetuate occupational segregation. The following five principles were formulated: (1) society-wide stereotypes about good jobs are… [PDF]

Harrisson, John A. C.; Reubens, Beatrice G. (1980). Apprenticeship in Foreign Countries. R & D Monograph 77. A study of apprenticeship systems in a large number of foreign countries revealed considerable interest in expanding and improving apprenticeship systems, both as initial training systems and as a way of easing the transition from school to work and relieving youth unemployment. The American apprenticeship system differs from those of other Enghish-speaking countries by a relative absence of skill shortages, the alternative routes to skilled status, the absence of training boards or councils, the concentration on construction trades in apprenticeship, and the advanced age of apprentices. In these other countries apprentices are concentrated in relatively few occupations, and full-time vocational education competes with or is replacing apprenticeships in many occupations. On-the-job training includes broadbased introductory training and pay incentives. Successful related instruction depends upon administrative or institutional coordination of instruction and on-the-job training. Few… [PDF]

Astin, Alexander W. (1978). Data Pertaining to the Education of Women: A Challenge to the Federal Government. Data requirements for a comprehensive assessment of the educational status of women are evaluated. Issues concerning school personnel and women's educational development are considered. Postsecondary and elementary/secondary education are considered separately. Sex role stereotyping of teachers and administrators and numbers and ranking of men and women in academics are addressed. The federal government needs a mechanism for surveying recruitment and promotion of college faculty that provides data on faculty sex distributions by rank, longitudinal surveys of individual faculty members, and separate tabulations of newly-promoted and newly-hired faculty. Similar needs exist for elementary and secondary systems. Regular monitoring is needed of faculty pay scales among institutions differing in faculty sex composition. Analyses and dissemination of information on the sex composition of school administrators are needed. Monitoring of tne educational status of women should address… [PDF]

(1975). Women in Educational Leadership: An Open Letter to State Legislators. A Position Paper Prepared by the National Conference on Women in Educational Policy Making. IEL Report 4. This open letter suggests significant changes in the educational structure that state legislators can effect so that women will not be excluded from decision-making posts. Statistics are cited that indicate that a decreasing percentage of women hold positions in educational administration. In higher education, women hold an increasing percentage of instructorships but a decreasing percentage of full professorships. Policy changes are outlined in the areas of certification, school personnel, funding, curriculum, inservice training, appointment of women to policy-making boards, and state registries of educational personnel. (Author/MLF)… [PDF]

(1975). World Plan of Action: Decade for Women. The World Plan of Action adopted by the United Nations World Conference of the International Women's Year in Mexico City in July 1975 is presented in condensed form. The major purpose is to provide guidelines for national action over the ten-year period 1975-1985 as part of a sustained, long-term effort to achieve the objectives of International Women's Year. The report is addressed primarily to governments and to public and private institutions, women's and youth organizations, employers, trade unions, mass communications media, nongovernmental organizations, political parties, and other groups. The report calls for a clear commitment at all levels of government to take the action necessary to implement the plan and for governmental review of legislation affecting the status of women in the light of human rights principles and internationally accepted standards. The guidelines treat the following topics: peace, political action, education; employment, health, the family,…

(1976). Framework for Evaluating Institutional Commitment to Minorities. A Guide to Institutional Self Study. Reassessment of institutional programs and policies that affect minorities is needed to bring some order, understanding, and renewed energy to practices that influence institutions' commitments to equal educational opportunity for all persons. This guide to self-study focuses on: (1) undergraduate admissions and recruitment; (2) financial aid; (3) counseling, support services, and placement; (4) curriculum; (5) environment; (6) graduate and professional programs; (7) faculty and staff hiring, evaluation, and retention; and (8) administrative policies. (Author/KE)… [PDF]

Cope, Robert G., Ed. (1974). Public Policy: Issues and Analyses. Selected panel discussions and papers presented during the 14th annual forum of the Association of Institutional Research present analytical approaches–if not solutions–to imperatives identified in 1973. The articles build upon the six major policy reports on higher education released during the academic year: Carnegie Commission, Committee for Economic Development, National Board of Graduate Education, National Council of Independent Colleges and Universities, Newman Report, and the National Commission on the Financing of Postsecondary Education. (Author/KE)… [PDF]

Matthews, Martha; McCune, Shirley (1976). Complying with Title IX: The First Twelve Months. The regulation to implement Title IX became effective July 21, 1975. It establishes criteria to which education institutions or agencies receiving federal funds must adhere in eliminating sex discrimination from their education programs and their employment policies and practices. This handbook describes the five general requirements that must be implemented by July 21, 1976: notification of policy; designation of responsible employee; grievance procedures; institutional self-evaluation; and assurance of compliance. Appendices provide a sample program plan for compliance and checklists of procedural steps for ensuring compliance. (JMF)… [PDF]

Slaughter, Sheila (1988). Academic Freedom and the State: Reflections on the Uses of Knowledge. Journal of Higher Education, v59 n3 p241-62 May-Jun. The changing environment in which academic freedom is practiced and the new challenges confronting it are examined including: retrenchment and the crisis in state funding; national reform and accountability; the politicization of expertise; and the rise of new research funding patterns that emphasize government-university-industry partnerships, especially in defense. (Author/MLW)…

Lerner, Robert; Nagai, Althea K. (1998). Racial Preferences in Michigan Higher Education. Racial Preferences in Undergraduate Admissions at the Public Colleges and Universities of Michigan. This study examines the extent to which racial preferences are used in a cross-section of Michigan's public universities and attempts to determine how the elimination of racial preferences would affect the enrollment patterns of these schools. It submits actual admissions data from eight public universities to statistical analysis. All eight schools show a qualifications gap between white and black students admitted. There was no school at which the black median Scholastic Aptitude Assessment, American College Testing program test, or grade point average (GPA) was equal to or higher than the white median. Most schools also showed a qualifications gap between White and Hispanic students, with data strongly suggesting that most of the schools used racial preferences to increase Hispanic enrollment. There was no evidence that Asian Americans were benefiting from racial preferences, and there was strong evidence that they did not receive special consideration at all. Schools routinely… [PDF]

Adam, Anthony J., Ed. (1999). The New Era for Enrollment Management: Recruitment, Remediation, and Retention in the 21st Century. A Directory of Promising Practices, Notable and Significant Programs for Higher Education. This directory contains case studies which examine some of the more innovative responses to the problems presented by technological change, a more diverse and expanding student population, and increased access to institutions of higher education. While most of the programs are based at specific higher education institutions in the United States, there are entries for programs at Canadian universities and statewide initiatives. Each one-page entry has an outline of the program followed by a paragraph with contact information. Entries are organized under three headings: (1) recruitment programs, covering 43 listings, each from a different institution; at least one example is totally on-line, and another is a distance education program aimed at graduate students seeking teacher certification in deaf education; (2) remediation programs, with 50 listings, including on-line and Web-based examples; (3) retention programs, with 56 listings, many aimed at first-year students, with at least… [PDF]

(1999). Achieving Gender Equity: A Basic Guide to Title IX and Gender Equity in Athletics for Colleges and Universities. Second Edition. This guide is designed to help college athletic administrators obtain a basic and working knowledge of the Title IX Education Amendments of 1972 in order to ensure that athletics programs are in compliance with the law. Separate sections of the report cover: (1) Title IX basics, outlining the components of the amendment and offering examples of how to be in compliance, including Office of Civil Rights policy clarifications; (2) current case law, which provides an in-depth look at critical developments in case law, particularly during the last four years; (3) athletics certification, which summarizes the Division I certification program and principles related to gender issues; (4) promotional ideas gathered from members, and a sampling of conference promotions; (5) "emerging" sports, which provides basic information on those sports that increase participation opportunities for female student-athletes. Included here also is an explanation of relevant National Collegiate… [PDF]