Carbado, Devon W. (2002). Afterword: (E)racing Education. Equity & Excellence in Education, v35 n2 p181-95 May. Presents an afterword to a collection of articles that illustrate how critical race theory shapes educational research and enables scholars to analyze educational outcomes that might otherwise remain hidden. Offers insight into the forward movement of critical race theory and education, suggesting that the articles collectively make a case for "racecentricity" (an explicitly race conscious approach to education) and demonstrate the potential of interdisciplinary approaches to education policy. (SM)…

Lucas, Tamara; Schecter, Sandra R. (1992). Literacy Education and Diversity: Toward Equity in the Teaching of Reading and Writing. Urban Review, v24 n2 p85-104 Jun. Argues that nonmainstream (nonwhite and nonmiddle class) students do not perform as well in school as do mainstream students because they are not equitably served by the educational system. Equity issues in the literacy education of minorities are explored, examining student characteristics, sociocultural factors, language issues, and instructional issues. (SLD)…

Gill, Walter (1992). Helping African American Males: The Cure. Negro Educational Review, v43 n1-2 p31-36 Jan-Apr. Looks at the current plight of the African-American male, exploring the role of the dominant culture, mass media, and low self-esteem. Describes a possible cure, citing five areas for action, calling for year-round school in some urban areas, exploring Afrocentric curricula, and considering rites of passage programs. (JB)…

Swartz, Ellen (1992). Emancipatory Narratives: Rewriting the Master Script in the School Curriculum. Journal of Negro Education, v61 n3 p341-55 Sum. Early efforts at multicultural education have largely been compensatory attempts to address inequities in cultural representation. What is needed is a rewriting of the entire master script of curriculum to eliminate implicit racism, classism, and sexism. Examples from U.S. history illustrate the scope of revision needed in education. (SLD)…

Henry, Annette (1992). African Canadian Women Teachers' Activism: Recreating Communities of Caring and Resistance. Journal of Negro Education, v61 n3 p392-404 Sum. Explores the relationships among family, community, and classroom teaching as they inform the perspectives of African-Canadian women teachers on teaching African-Canadian children. Interviews and observations of five teachers demonstrate how they fight for social justice and the academic achievement of their students. (SLD)…

Elgqvist-Saltzman, Inga (1992). Straight Roads and Winding Tracks: Swedish Educational Policy from a Gender Equality Perspective. Gender and Education, v4 n1-2 p41-56. Discusses Swedish educational reforms, policies, and research. Considers whether Sweden's gender-equality goal supports research that develops more gender-sensitive methodologies and concepts to upgrade women's knowledge, experiences, and values. Sweden's goal of giving men and women the same responsibilities for work, parenthood, and civil duties is far from being realized. (RLC)…

Chatman, Larry (1993). A Bright Future Awaits Minorities in Art Education. Art Education, v46 n4 p21-24 Jul. Argues that art education programs must actively recruit minority students for training in visual arts education. Describes a cooperative effort between an independent art college and a metropolitan school system to identify, recruit, train, and employ minority teachers in art education. Outlines a three-year plan that includes curriculum evaluation, sensitivity training, and an exhibit of artworks by minority artists. (CFR)…

Matthews, Frank; St. John, Eric (1999). New Game Plan. Black Issues in Higher Education, v16 n4 p22-31 Apr 15. In an interview, former Georgetown University (District of Columbia) basketball coach John Thompson offers comments on the debate over the use of standardized test scores to determine college athlete eligibility, the National Collegiate Athletic Association and its regulations, academic standards and graduation for college athletes, and the nature of a coach's responsibility to the student athlete. (MSE)…

(2005). Chronicle of Higher Education. Volume 51, Number 26, March 4, 2005. Chronicle of Higher Education, v51 n26 Mar. "Chronicle of Higher Education" presents an abundant source of news and information for college and university faculty members and administrators. This March 4, 2005 issue of "Chronicle of Higher Education" includes the following articles: (1) "Advanced Symptoms of Advanced Degrees" (Douglas, Lawrence; George, Alexander); (2) "Mathematics and Biology: New Challenges for Both Disciplines" (Steen, Lynn Arthur); (3) "Drilling into the Bedrock of Ordinary Experience" (Boynton, Robert S.); (4) "Priming the Pump for Student Aid and What Else Has Been Left Out of the Reauthorization Debates in Congress?" (Baum, Sandy); (5) "Don't Think Twice, It's all Right" (Wilentz, Sean); (6) "A God in Colchester" (Benton, Thomas H.); (7) "Clueless in Academe" (Fish, Stanley); (8) "The Cost of Empty Seats: The NCAA's Top Division, to Many Colleges' Distress, Is about to Make It Easier for Small Football…

Edelman, Marian Wright; Jones, James M. (2004). Separate and Unequal: America's Children, Race, and Poverty. Future of Children, v14 n2 p134-137 Sum. Fifty years ago, the Supreme Court ruled in \Brown v. Board of Education\ that: \Segregation of white and Negro children in the public schools of a State solely on the basis of race, pursuant to state laws permitting or requiring such segregation, denies to Negro children the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment–even though the physical facilities and other \tangible\ factors of white and Negro schools may be equal.\ Even with a half-century to digest this notion and implement and enforce policies to make equality a reality, the United States today is still a country of \separate and unequal.\ In fact, there is a growing gap between rich and poor children, and between black, white, and Latino children. In this article, the authors suggest a comprehensive plan that will address this widening gap. They believe that it is time to work collaboratively and strategically on behalf of the nation's children who are suffering in poverty, violence, hunger, and… [PDF]

(1995). Ten Years of the Board of Governors' Strategic Plan To Ensure Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Connecticut Public Higher Education, 1985-95. Report. This annual report discusses actions taken by the Connecticut Department of Higher Education's Minority Advancement Program (MAP) over the past 10 years to increase the numbers of disadvantaged high school students prepared for success in college, to increase student access and retention among underrepresented groups, and to increase the employment and advancement of underrepresented groups. It examines the three MAP programs: (1) the Connecticut Collegiate Awareness and Preparation Program (ConnCAP), which used enrichment, remedial, and counseling activities, along with an intensive summer camp program, to enhance the college enrollment rates of underachieving and disadvantaged students; (2) the Minority Enrollment Incentive Program, which used incentive grants to increase minority enrollment at Connecticut public colleges and universities from 8.9 percent in 1984 to 16.4 percent in 1994; and (3) the Minority Staff Development and Recruitment Program, which used enhanced minority… [PDF]

Fine, Michelle, Ed.; Weis, Lois, Ed. (1993). Beyond Silenced Voices: Class, Race, and Gender in United States Schools. This book presents the following 16 papers addressing race, class, and gender in U.S. education; institutionalized power and privilege; and policies, discourses, and practices that may silence powerless groups: (1) "Breaking through the Barriers: African American Job Candidates and the Academic Hiring Process" (Roslyn Arlin Mickelson, Stephen Samuel Smith, and Melvin L. Oliver); (2) "Gifted Education and the Protection of Privilege: Breaking the Silence, Opening the Discourse" (Mara Sapon-Shevin); (3) "Testing and Minorities" (Walter Haney); (4) "Sexuality, Schooling, and Adolescent Females: The Missing Discourse of Desire" (Michelle Fine); (5) "Empowering Minority Students: A Framework for Intervention" (Jim Cummins); (6) "The Silenced Dialogue: Power and Pedagogy in Educating Other People's Children" (Lisa D. Delpit); (7) "Joining the Resistance: Psychology, Politics, Girls, and Women" (Carol Gilligan); (8)…

Garibaldi, Antoine M. (1993). Improving Urban Schools in Inner-City Communities. Occasional Paper #3. This paper explores the recent two decades of school reform efforts and focuses on application of the Effective Schools movement's ideas in urban, economically depressed communities. Five common characteristics of effective schools are teacher and other staff who believe that all children can learn; safe, orderly, and work-oriented environments; principals who are instructional leaders; involved parents; and regular monitoring and feedback on academic progress. Transforming these principles into practice requires challenging instruction and demanding teachers. An evaluation of eight highly effective high schools in four states found that common characteristics included: (1) teachers describing their schools as pleasant environments where goals and rules were well articulated; (2) low teacher turnover rates; (3) principals who were instructional leaders; (4) teachers who felt that they had a meaningful role in school decision-making; (5) teachers who felt the support of… [PDF]

Lerner, Robert; Nagai, Althea K. (1998). Preferences at the Service Academies. Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Preferences in Admissions to the U.S. Military Academy and the U.S. Naval Academy. This study used statistical analysis to determine the extent to which racial, ethnic, and gender preferences are affect admissions policies of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point (New York) and the U.S. Naval academy at Annapolis (Maryland). The study used data for all applicants for the fall 1995 freshman class that included racial or ethnic group membership, gender, verbal and math scores on the Scholastic Assessment Tests (SAT), and high school class rank. Data are presented in text, figures, and tables for the following factors: racial and ethnic differences in admission rates; sex differences in admission rates; differences in admittee qualifications between whites and blacks, between whites and Hispanics, and between whites and Asians; and gender differences in admittee qualifications. A section on computing the odds of admission uses logistic regression to show effects of racial and ethnic group membership and of gender on admission chances. Data are also presented which… [PDF]

King, George (1987). Minority Attrition and Retention in Higher Education: Strategies for Change. Report of a Conference (San Francisco, California, May 2-3, 1986). The conference reported in this document provided a forum for California's public postsecondary education officials to address issues related to the underrepresentation of ethnic minority students. An introduction provides statements on the nature of the problem, reasons for the problem, possible solutions, conference objectives, and conference format. The body of the report is divided into five sections giving the conference findings on each of the main topics of discussion. Section 1 covers organizational environment including the need for culturally diverse campus climates, improved program integration and coordination, and the need for data collection. Section 2 discusses academic support services calling for increased service evaluation, establishment of goals, ethnically diverse staff, and service coordination. Section 3 addresses student support services and focuses on the need for cooperative approaches, more role models, and increased financial aid. Section 4 covers early… [PDF]

(1990). Crossing the Bridge to Equality and Excellence: A Vision of Quality and Integrated Education for Connecticut. This report is the product of 17 months of research, consultation, and discussions; and it presents the views of the Connecticut Governor's Commission on Quality and Integrated Education. Connecticut has long acknowledged an affirmative responsibility to desegregate the public schools and guarantee educational quality for all students. The Commission found that the goal of "quality and intergrated education" currently is blocked by increasing racial isolation (i.e., the majority of Connecticut's students remain isolated from daily educational contact with students of other races and ethnic groups). Following its research into the dimensions of racial isolation in education in Connecticut and nationally, the Commission developed the following six findings: (1) educational opportunity cannot be addressed in isolation and public policy should be linked in the cooperative enterprise of removing barriers to achievement and of promoting the common ground that strengthens all in…

Stone, Frank Andrews (1992). Public School Desegregation/Redesign: A Case Study in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana. Urban Education Reports Number Fourteen. This publication presents a case study of the public school desegregation and redesign program of the East Baton Rouge Parish (Louisiana) School System, focusing on the 5 years from 1987 to 1992. Chapter 1 describes the setting and background, the sociocultural history of the area since pre-Revolutionary War days, the role and treatment of African Americans, and the events leading up to desegregation and redesign. Chapter 2 presents a history of the redesign plan from 1987 to 1992, including school restructuring ideology, implementation, and the marketing of school enhancements. Chapter 3 discusses the school desegregation and redesign efforts through a review of research, media coverage, and evaluations; and it contains field study/participant observation data for this case study. Chapter 4 presents and analyzes findings and conclusions in light of public school issues in Connecticut where desegregation and school redesign are also issues. Included are 4 maps, 6 tables, 6… [PDF]

(1991). A Manual for Implementation of the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Amendments Act: Title VII-B. This manual is designed to be used to acquaint Michigan State school and community members with provisions and requirements of the Steward B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Amendments Act of 1990. This act authorizes local and intermediate school districts to use competitive funding and to implement innovative laws, policies, and procedures that ensure a free and appropriate education for school-age homeless children and youth. The manual summarizes background information and provides a brief description of the impact of homelessness on the educational and social development of homeless children and homeless youth. The manual provides suggestions for achieving educational success for this population. In addition, the manual details the role of the State Board of Education and that of local and intermediate school boards. (JB)… [PDF]

D'Souza, Dinesh (1991). Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus. This book addresses the issue of angry campus confrontations over issues of race, gender, and ethnicity, and more broadly, the dilemma of the college's and university's ability and desire to attain the goals of liberal education while also desiring to be "politically correct." It is noted that student activists have split the university on moral grounds, charging that universities are "structurally" racist, sexist, homophobic, and class biased. It is argued that, while generally unrestrained by administration and unopposed by senior faculty, junior faculty activists, in their eagerness to create a multicultural community, demand and receive changes in admissions and other policies on the basis of race and gender categories, rather than intellectual merit. Case histories examine the admissions policies of the University of California at Berkeley, the multiculturalism at Stanford University, the roots of protest at Howard University, racial incidents at the…

(1988). Planning for the Class of 2005: A Vision for the Future. The Strategic Plan for Higher Education in New Mexico. This long-range plan for higher education in New Mexico is designed as a guide for decision making rather than a plan for individual colleges. Introductory sections explain the development of the plan; planning principles and assumptions; conclusions about economic development, demography, and education in New Mexico; goals and priorities; and a vision for the future of higher education in the state. The bulk of the report consists of 32 policy statements. The first set focuses on the development of the higher education system, including statements on institutional role and mission, 2-year postsecondary education, 2-year college role and mission, comprehensive institutional planning, consortia, and interstate compacts. The second group of policies deal with the quality of education in New Mexico, including statements on a statewide accountability program, state-level program review, accreditation, faculty quality and renewal, endowed faculty chairs, technology transfer, adequate and… [PDF]

Cordero, William J. (1990). Coordination of Effort among Student Services Programs. A Report. Since 1969, the California community colleges have established a number of programs to provide additional assistance to a diverse community college student population, including the Board Financial Assistance Program, Cooperative Agencies Resources for Education, Disabled Students Programs and Services, Extended Opportunity Programs and Services, and Immigration Reform and Control Act amnesty education, California's matriculation process, the Puente Project, and the state's Transfer Centers. Each of these programs was established at a separate point in time with explicit standards for eligibility and services. Concerns have arisen regarding the need to minimize the duplication of effort in the delivery of student services, promote efficient and effective use of resources, and plan for the coordination of efforts among the many special programs. Several factors affect the coordination of student services, including: (1) initial screening of all credit students through the…

Brodsky, Stanley M. (1990). Campus Seminars/Workshops To Improve Recruitment and Retention of Women and Minorities in Associate Degree Science and Engineering Technology Programs. Final Report. In light of the projected growth in the percentages of women and minorities in the work force, as well as the need for increased skills among workers, a project was developed to improve recruitment and retention of women and minorities in associate degree science and engineering technology programs. The project involved on-campus seminars/workshops at three community colleges in the New York City area offering associate degree science and/or engineering technology programs (i.e., Bronx Community College, New York City Technical College, and Queensborough Community College). More than 140 college personnel attended, primarily teaching faculty, counselors and academic administrators. Each on-campus event was jointly planned with key campus personnel and was configured to meet local area needs. Expert presenters communicated both formally and informally with the participants and specially assembled kits of materials were distributed. More than 60% of all participants completing program…

Glazer, Judith S. (1985). Education for the Disadvantaged: The Higher Education Opportunity Program in New York State. Rockefeller Institute Reprints, n18 p1-10 Fall. The article examines the impact of New York State's Higher Education Opportunity Program (HEOP) after 13 years of implementation at 70 institutions, focusing on the effects of participation by underprepared, low-income students. Considered also are college admission and enrollment policies, academic support services, and budgets. The study analyzed results of questionnaires and interviews with 37 HEOP program directors, as well as data from annual reports of the State Education Department and participating colleges. Positive findings included HEOP's clarity of mission and well-defined student population; the heightened awareness achieved by compensatory programs and availability of financial aid; and more efficient and imaginative coordination of federal, state, and institutional funding sources. Eight recommendations address the need for continued funding of opportunity programs, replicating programs and services that improve achievement, more systematic efforts in working with… [PDF]

Ellis, Michael O. (1986). Indiana Guide to Sex Equity in Vocational Education. This publication for Indiana vocational education personnel is intended to raise some sex equity issues. In its best use, it provides educators with a bibliography of resources available from the Library Services and Consultation and Field Services units of Vocational Education Services (VES). Section 1 on the problem of equity discusses the reasons for concern, provides facts on U.S. and Indiana working women, and presents an occupational equity quiz. Section 2 focuses on what sex equity is. It contains a list of milestones in the history of sex equity; definitions; brief discussions of nine issues in equity, each followed by a mini-bibliography; child care fact sheets; and \Training the Woman to Know Her Place: The Social Antecedents of Women in the Work World\ (Sandra and Daryl Bem). Section 3 on laws and regulations offers summaries of major legislation, federal regulations, and other important legislation. A mini-bibliography follows each summary. Each of these first three…

Samuels, Frank (1985). Closing the Door: The Future of Minorities in Two-Year Institutions. Current social, economic, and policy trends threaten to erase the gains in educational access and attainment minorities have made since 1960. The educational reform movements of the past two decades reinforced the concepts of equity and opportunity, but in the face of financial exigency and retrenchment, driven by state legislatures and public pressures, there is a heightened concern about education's role in the national economy, and the feeling has emerged that excellence has been eroded in the pursuit of equity. This paper explores the issues and trends of minority participation in the community college system in particular, and in higher education in general. In addition, strategies that community colleges can use to address the issues are suggested. The paper focuses on: (1) the impact of minority population increase on the community college; (2) minority enrollment patterns; (3) equity and excellence; (4) selective admissions and competency testing; (5) financial aid; (6) the…

(1987). On Campus with Women. Spring 1987 and Summer 1987. On Campus with Women, v16 n1 Spr 1987 v17 n1 Sum. Developments in education, employment, and the courts concerning the status of women are covered in two newsletter issues. Topics include the following: Black women's educational history, Hispanic women in psychology, the effect of race and sex on wages, results of surveys on attitudes about sex roles, unequal financial aid awards to women, prizes and awards for women, the need for women and minorities on accrediting boards, academic women in science, the number of science degrees earned by women, higher salaries for male faculty, campus rape, peer harassment of women students by male students, date rape and what colleges are doing about it, date rape curriculum guide, sexual harassment materials aimed at faculty, campus actions to reduce sexual assault, women's studies, equity resources for teacher educators, feminist media directory, inequities for women's athletic programs, the history of coeducation, pregnancy leave, funding for the Women's Educational Equity Act program, campus…

(1988). An Assessment of Urban Community Colleges Transfer Opportunities Program. The Ford Foundation's Second Stage Transfer Opportunity Awards. Final Report. As part of its Urban Community College Transfer Opportunities Program (UCCTOP), the Ford Foundation funded 24 community colleges to design and implement activities to increase the number of minority students obtaining associate degrees and transferring to four-year institutions. Subsequently, the Foundation gave larger grants to five of these colleges to continue their activities for a second year. Each of these five institutions took a different approach to stimulating student flow: (1) Cuyahoga Community College, Ohio, established a Center for Articulation and Transfer focusing on linkages with high schools and four-year institutions; (2) the projects at LaGuardia Community College, New York, emphasized the improvement of the the flow of information to students; (3) Miami-Dade Community College, Florida, integrated its UCCTOP activities with such ongoing programs as mandatory testing and placement, extensive remedial instruction, and enforced standards of academic progress; (4)…

Pulliams, Preston (1988). An Urban Community College Attempts To Assure Student Achievement: Creative Minority Initiatives. The Community College of Philadelphia's Minority Education Initiative Program was created to increase the enrollment of Black and Hispanic students through pro-active recruitment and retention strategies. One component of the initiative, a minority mentoring program, was developed and pilot tested in spring 1988. Faculty and staff volunteers in the mentor program assist in orientation and pre-registration, meet regularly with students, act as brokers between the students and the college services they may need, and provide letters of recommendation. Another aspect of the initiative is a recruitment campaign which works with community agencies, high schools, local churches, and the mayor's office to target minority communities. A third component, involving the assessment of students' individual orientation needs, was launched in spring 1988. A survey of student information needs was followed by a series of seminars on such topics as financial aid, career exploration and decision…

Kappner, Augusta Souza (1989). Remarks by President Augusta Souza Kappner at the 1989 AACJC Convention Forum, "Leadership toward Empowerment: The National Agenda for Blacks in the 21st Century.". A comprehensive national plan is needed to reverse the declining enrollment and employment of blacks in higher education. Over the last decade, government policies such as cuts in financial aid and the erosion of Head Start, child care, and other programs that benefit the poor have contributed to the negatives trends in minority enrollment. In addition, the inhospitable climate of many college campuses, the small number of black faculty members, and the eurocentric focus of curricula have contributed to the flight of blacks from college. To counteract these trends and conditions, seven issues must be addressed: access to higher education, cultural diversity, racism, research, systematized networking, the effects of institutional policies, and leadership and mentoring. The Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC) has been acting upon these issues in a number of ways: (1) the college works with city, state, and community organizations to address a diverse array of community needs…

(1989). Special Programs for Minority Students at Illinois Community Colleges. Since the enactment of state legislation designed to address the underrepresentation of minorities, women, and the handicapped, Illinois institutions of higher education have developed many programs to address this problem. These efforts include a range of approaches from those focusing primarily on motivating students and strengthening their academic skills to those involving minority families and the local community. Several features are incorporated in these programs in varying degrees: (1) the programs involve regular college faculty; (2) they create a positive, academic environment through mentoring and peer counseling; (3) they depend on a positive relationship between the college and minority community; (4) they emphasize continuous collaboration with elementary/secondary schools and four-year institutions; (5) they receive support and promotion from college leadership; and (6) they are organized as a unit in order to provide a package of services and activities needed by… [PDF]