Trillin, Calvin (1991). An Education in Georgia: Charlayne Hunter, Hamilton Holmes, and the Integration of the University of Georgia. In January 1961, Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes became the first black students to enter the University of Georgia (Atlanta). Calvin Trillin covered the litigation that resulted in a federal court order that allowed these students to enroll, and then returned just before their graduation to interview the students, their families, friends and fellow students, professors, and university administrators to portray the hostility and occasional support they received. Examining their experiences provides a window on the Civil Rights movement as a whole, as well as a portrait of the responses of two very different personalities. (SLD)…

Kappner, Augusta Souza; And Others (1990). Model Programs for Retaining and Promoting Minorities and Women and Increasing Minority Student Retention and Success. Efforts undertaken to meet the challenge of diversity at the City University of New York's Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC) are described in this five-part conference presentation. In the first part, BMCC's president, Augusta Souza Kappner, provides an overview of the ethnic and demographic composition of the college's student body and faculty, and of its model programs designed to address minority and women's issues. The second paper, by Stephen Curtis, the Dean of Academic Affairs, describes seminars developed at BMCC to help tenured faculty, especially women and minorities, complete their dissertations and qualify for promotion. This paper also describes the college's seminar entitled "Balancing the Curriculum for Gender, Race and Ethnicity," which explores current literature on and teaching methods for serving diverse student bodies. In the third part, Sadie Bragg, Associate Dean of Academic Affairs for Curriculum and Instruction, reviews the formation of…

Atondo, Angelo; And Others (1986). A Study of the Puente Project: 1983-1986. Evergreen Valley College. Puente Projects are currently operating at 10 community colleges in California to increase retention, general education requirements completion, and transfer among Hispanic community college students. Puente integrates the skills of an English teacher, a Hispanic counselor, and Hispanic professionals acting as mentors to promote academic achievement, self-confidence, and student motivation. A study was conducted at Evergreen Valley College (EVC) to determine the success rate of Puente students for the years 1983-84, 1984-85, and 1985-86; and to compare the achievement levels of Puente students enrolled in the entry level English 330 courses with those of other Hispanic students who began in English 330 during the same semester. The 3-year comparative study of 115 Puente students and 273 Hispanic counterparts yielded the following findings: (1) 89% of the Puente students completed English 330 compared to 46% of the other Hispanic students; (2) 70% of the Puente students completed… [PDF]

(1988). Task Force on the Status of Academic Women. Report: 1987 Progress Review. Progress in bringing about equal employment conditions for academic women at the University of Alberta, Canada, is reviewed. In 1975 a Senate Task Force on the Status of Academic Women at the University of Alberta reported serious discrepancies in terms of salaries, rank, and participation in university governance between women and men. Each of the 1975 task force's 15 recommendations to promote equal employment opportunities are considered, including progress achieved or factors that have changed during the past 12 years. Recommendations include the following areas: statements against sex discrimination; approaches to promote more flexible and imaginative work patterns for all staff including part-time and shared tenurable positions; maternity benefits; and subsidized day care facilities on campus. Tables and graphs comparing 1974 and 1986 data are provided. Findings of the 1987 Review Committee's evaluation are considered, along with results of the Survey of Academic Staff that…

Sandler, Bernice R.; And Others (1988). It's All in What You Ask: Questions for Search Committees To Use. A variety of questions are provided to assist college and university search committees to elicit useful information about candidates' concern about issues that affect women. Many of the questions can be adapted to apply to minority and disabled persons. Some are open-ended to draw out a candidate's opinions and attitudes. The questions are divided into three sections: general questions to ask both prospective administrators and faculty (on equity, informal support, and climate); questions appropriate for prospective administrators (on formal support, staffing, direct encouragement, and other issues); and questions appropriate for faculty candidates (on women's studies and campus environment). (KM)… [PDF]

Caswell, Jackie; And Others (1988). Community Development Issue Paper. An overview is provided of the development of the Dallas County Community College District's (DCCCD's) Community Development Program, highlighting its accomplishments during its first two and one-half years of operation, and the District's plans for the future. Section I offers introductory comments and defines community development as the process by which an institution actually participates in upgrading the quality of life of its constituents. Section II explains how the DCCCD's Community Development Program evolved and highlights some of the major program activities, including a mini-conference with community leaders; cooperative activities between the DCCCD campuses and middle schools to encourage young students to develop higher education goals; demographic studies; Martin Luther King, Jr., National Holiday activities; the creation of an institute to train individuals from predominantly minority communities for leadership and community service; and a summer program to encourage…

Adams, Richard N. (1981). Equity from a Vocational District Administrator's Perspective. Research and Development Series No. 214A. Programs must be designed to remove barriers to equitable vocational education. Barriers to such programs are erosion of public and special interest group confidence in the educational system; lack of systematic student services; and lack of mutual awareness, communication, and cooperation between vocational and general educators. To remove barriers, adequate funds must be available to distribute by efficient methods. Local involvement and endorsement are also required. Vocational educators must work with parents and family members who influence career decisions to change attitudes toward vocational education. Career assessments are a practical strategy to recognize interests and aptitudes. Vocational education linkages with federal agencies could help coordinate efforts. Accessibility in rural areas could be increased by school districts' cooperation. Additional funds would ensure more programs, vocational counseling, and access to health and social services. Research and… [PDF]

(1982). Hearings on Reauthorization of the Vocational Education Act of 1963. Part 11: Sex Equity in Vocational Education. Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives. Ninety-Seventh Congress, First Session on H.R. 66 (December 16-17, 1981). This is a report of hearings on December 16 and 17, 1981, before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, to extend the authorization of appropriations under the Vocational Education Act of 1963. The focus is the issue of sex equity in vocational education, especially the impact of the 1976 Amendments as regards accomplishments and problems that remain. Testimony includes statements and prepared statements, letters, supplemental material, etc., from over 30 individuals representing the National Commission for Employment Policy; American Vocational Association; National Advisory Council on Women's Education Programs; National Advisory Council on Vocational Education; California State Department of Education; New York State Department of Education; American Civil Liberties Union of Georgia; League of Women Voters; National Commission for Employment Policy; Southeastern Public Education… [PDF]

Berrian, Albert H., Ed.; Bonas, John E., Ed. (1981). Systemwide Student Tracking and Retention Programs. A Special Seminar. Presentations at a seminar on systemwide tracking that grew out of efforts to promote implementation of South Carolina's desegregation plan are included. Two subjects were the focus: retention and the use of monitored developmental programs as a means of retention and of safeguarding quality. Essays include "Systemwide Student Tracking" (Delores Auzenne), which gives background on the use of tracking programs and procedures in the Florida system; "Statewide Student Tracking" (Larry Hayes), on the objectives and current status of tracking in Oklahoma; "Improving Desegregation Planning and Higher Education in Tennessee: Student Information System (SIS), Retention and Progression" (Michael Nettles), focusing on student data needs; "Retention and Tracking: The Role of Faculty" (Marie Jean Lederman) in the City University of New York system; "Retention: A Follow-Up Study of Entering Freshmen at the City University of New York" (Michael…

Gamson, Zelda F.; And Others (1980). From Predisposition to Reassessment: Stages in the Responses of Colleges and Universities to Increased Black Enrollment. The dynamics of responses of white colleges to increased black enrollment were investigated during 1974 and 1975. Interracial teams first undertook field work at 13 colleges and universities that experienced a substantial increase in black enrollments between 1968 and 1972, and students, faculty, and administrators at 4 of the 13 institutions were then surveyed. The sample included: four small, private colleges (Lewis University and Bradley University in Illinois, Carleton College and Macalester College in Minnesota); two large, private universities (Northwestern University in Illinois and a school that wished to remain anonymous); four small, public institutions (Clarion State College and California State College in Pennsylvania, the University of Missouri, Kansas City, and State University of New York, Brockport); and three large public universities (Bowling Green State University, Ohio, and two colleges that wished to remain anonymous). Attention is directed to: predisposing… [PDF]

Anderson, Laura (1976). Manpower and the Minority Student. Regional Spotlight Vol. XI, No. 1. Market saturation and diminishing opportunities are imminent in fields heavily favored by blacks in college: the social sciences, home economics and education. Future opportunities will come in fields presently unpopular or unknown to blacks: engineering, accounting, library science, urban and regional planning, health professions, and computer sciences. The southern states' Institute for Higher Educational Opportunity has served since 1967 as a vehicle to promote black educational progress. Its activities have included direct financial aid to institutions, advisory assistance, regional workshops, writing conferences, planning sessions, and more than 25 published studies. The emphasis in these activities has been on recruitment, addmissions and retention, building curricula, and institutional sharing. Some statistical data on enrollments and job prospects, examples of interinstitutional cooperation, and a brief bibliography are included. (MSE)…

Compton, David M.; Vinton, Dennis A. Employment of Handicapped People in Leisure Occupations. In response to the need for up-to-date information on employment opportunities for handicapped people in the leisure occupations, a national survey was conducted to determine both existing levels of employment and employer practices. The survey was sent to 500 agencies and businesses representing four leisure occupational subclusters: travel, tourism, and hospitality; leisure entertainment products and enterprises; resource based services; and community based recreation and park services. Based on 155 responses, the findings include the following: (1) 43% of the respondents hired the handicapped on a full-time basis; (2) agencies in the community-based recreation subcluster hired the largest percentage of handicapped individuals; (3) the majority of agencies employing the handicapped on a full-time basis were agencies with large numbers of employees; (4) while 70% of the respondents hired employees on a part-time basis, only 17% hired the handicapped; (5) while 66% of the…

Rendon, Laura I. (1981). The Three R's for Hispanics in Higher Education: Retention, Recruitment, and Research. The focus of this paper is on issues and concepts in the retention and recruitment of Hispanic students in post-secondary education. First, national post-secondary enrollment declines are projected and the implications of these declines are discussed for admissions and recruitment personnel. Next, the report considers Hispanic enrollments in Michigan and reviews the significance of these findings for recruitment. Two major findings are noted: the underrepresentation of Hispanics at every level of higher education and the concentration of Hispanic students in community colleges. Questions raised by these findings are then posed. The next section suggests two-year college recruitment strategies (e.g., aim literature at non-traditional students, emphasize the transfer function and articulation, and provide satellite centers and flexible scheduling); recommends several retention strategies (e.g., insure quality curricula and staff and provide counseling before and after transfer); and… [PDF]

(1978). Women in Nontraditional Jobs: A Conference Guide. Increasing Job Options for Women. Designed to help organizations interested in expanding job options for women to plan and hold a community-based conference on nontraditional jobs, this guide outlines basic steps in planning, provides information about successful programs, and makes suggestions about how to deal with the mechanics of a conference. Following an introduction which presents the barriers to and advantages of nontraditional employment for women, a section on preliminary planning discusses the conference coordinator, community analysis, choosing a theme, the planning committee, and participants. The next section, \Program,\ deals with format, subject areas, speakers, panels, workshops, lunch, and audiovisuals and exhibits. The following section, \Conference Procedures,\ covers finances, timing and site, invitations, facilities and equipment, registration, briefing sessions, publicity, and the conference report. The section on follow-up includes evaluation, planning the committee meeting, and closing out…. [PDF]

(1978). Women in Nontraditional Jobs: A Workshop Model. Working with Employers to Develop Jobs. Prepared for employers and staffs of job service and training programs, this guide presents information on how to conduct a workshop to expand employment opportunities for women in nontraditional occupations–in blue collar skilled work as well as white collar professional, technical, and managerial jobs. The guide includes sections on purpose of the workshop (to provide a forum in which employers are encouraged and assisted in hiring women for nontraditional jobs), agenda for a one-day workshop, workshop facilitator, program staff participation, locating and selecting employers, size of workshop, facilities, materials for kits, and workshop format–background and rationale. Appendixes include a selected list of publications, slides, and films on women in nontraditional employment; an invitation letter; a registration form; an agenda; and a workshop evaluation form. (LMS)… [PDF]

Larson, John A.; Northrup, Herbert R. (1979). The Impact of the AT&T-EEO Consent Decree. Labor Relations and Public Rolicy Series No. 20. The consent decree agreed to in January 1973 by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the Department of Justice, and the Department of Labor was a milestone of EEOC enforcement. Large amounts of back pay were paid to women and minorities, and goals were set which, as interpreted, had to be met for the company to stay in compliance. This study attempts to determine the effects of this decree. The Bell System provided the information and the authors interviewed system officials and operating personnel in all areas of the country. The study begins by summarizing developments leading up to the decree and explaining the decree's terms. A projection is made of future trends and the effects these will have on the composition of the labor force in the Bell System. The study considered the implications of the decree on quality of the labor force, organizational structure, role of the supervisor, discipline…

(1973). Report of the Personnel Task Force [And] Report of the Selected Studies Task Force [And] Report of the \Student Oriented\ Task Force. Three reports of different task forces from the committee to study sex discrimination in the Kalamazoo, Michigan, Public Schools comprise this document. The first report, from the personnel task force, investigated personnel practices and working conditions in 1972 for the existence of sex discrimination. Questionnaires were distributed to 1,215 employees of the Kalamazoo school system, but only 392 were returned completed. They showed a great lack of awareness about sex discrimination. In the second report, the selected studies task force evaluated a selection of 13 courses for grades 7-12 in English, social studies, home economics, industrial arts, and business education. Textbooks were evaluated and some instructors were interviewed. Teachers did not feel responsible for changing any sex bias in their attitudes nor for constructively handling the sex bias found in 72.4 percent of the classroom materials being used. The third report, from the student-oriented task force, examined…

Lee, Mary Dean; Meyer, Herbert H. (1976). The Integration of Females into Male-Oriented Jobs: Experiences of Certain Public Utility Companies. Detailed information was obtained from ten utility companies and individuals in those companies regarding their experiences with the integration of women into traditionally male jobs. The results showed that efforts to employ women in such jobs were predominantly positive, in spite of negative attitudes and resistance. A great majority of the women in male-oriented jobs were judged by their managers, peers and subordinates to be performing at least as well as most men in their respective jobs. Women in blue-collar jobs were likely to have more difficulties in adjusting to, and performing well in, the male oriented jobs than were women in professional or managerial jobs. Recommendations made with regard to actions that can be taken by organizations of all kinds to facilitate the integration of women into traditionally male jobs include: (1) The program must be monitored by an influential central staff person or group in the organization, (2) it must have strong backing from key…

Jaschik, Scott (1987). Recruiting Plans Found Lacking at Many Colleges in States Where Desegregation Plans Have Expired. Chronicle of Higher Education, v33 n34 p19,22 May 6. Federal investigators have found that many colleges and universities lack satisfactory systems for recruiting black faculty members, even after years of operating under court-ordered desegregation plans. There was also widespread dissatisfaction among black students at many colleges. The Education Department's Office for Civil Rights' report is discussed. (MLW)…

Bok, Derek; Bowen, William; Camarillo, Albert; Foner, Eric; Gurin, Patricia; Steele, Claude; Sugrue, Thomas; Syverud, Kent; Webster, Robert B. (1999). The Compelling Need for Diversity in Higher Education. The Center for Individual Rights (CIR) represented three white applicants who brought the two lawsuits, "Gratz, et al., v Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75231 (E.D.Mich.)" and "Grutter, et al. v. Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75928 (E.D. Mich.)," against the University of Michigan. These lawsuits challenge as unlawful the University of Michigan's policy of considering race as one of many factors in the process for admissions to the College of Literature, Science and the Arts, and the Law School. The University of Michigan brought together a team of leading scholars to serve as its experts in these cases to establish the basis for the University's argument that there is a compelling need for diversity in higher education. Thomas Sugrue of the University of Pennsylvania describes the important role that race continues to play in modern American society. Eric Foner of Columbia University (New York) describes the history of race relations through the lens of the…

Knowdell, Richard L. (1979). Educational Information in Industrial Settings. New Directions for Education and Work, (Improving Educational Information Services) n5 p83-92. Discussed is the wide variety in the quality of educational information available to adults on the job. Few companies currently offer comprehensive programs of educational information and counseling, but several companies are trying to do more to help their employees find continuing educational opportunities. (Author/AF)…

Furniss, W. Todd (1979). Professional Education After Bakke. Educational Record, v60 n2 p137-45 Spr. In response to the Bakke decision, it is suggested that efforts must be made to enlarge and improve the pool of qualified minority applicants to colleges and professional schools. Suggested improvements in elementary and secondary schools and increased community efforts will help to alleviate this problem. (BH)…

Smith, Daryl G.; And Others (1996). The Pipeline for Achieving Faculty Diversity: Debunking the Myths. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper. This study examined the academic labor market experiences of 393 recipients of Ford Minority Fellows, Mellon Fellows, and certain Spencer Fellows who had recently completed doctoral degrees. Of the original 393 individuals, 78 percent responded to telephone interviews that focused on their hiring experiences relative to eight prototypes, which ranged from "sought after" to "never applied for faculty position." Based on the data, the report addresses and debunks five "myths" of the academic labor market and concludes that institutions can raise the level of qualified candidates by improving the search and hiring process, and by considering nontenure alternatives. The report sees opportunities for diversity decreasing in the future and suggests fellowships as a way to provide important networking links. Additionally, it sets out some strategies and principles of good hiring practice for institutions and suggests also that institutions provide graduate… [PDF]

(1993). Minnesota Study on Race/Ethnicity in Child Care. This study discusses the racial and ethnic composition of Minnesota's children and child care providers, focusing on the need for more multi-ethnic, culturally-appropriate programming for the increasing number of children of color in the state. A 1992 survey of 1,003 day care centers and 35 Head Start programs found disparities between numbers of staff of color and European-American caregivers. Center staff of color were more likely to hold lower level positions in centers than European-Americans. Among the nine recommendations intended to have an impact on the cultural appropriateness of the child care system in Minnesota were the following: (1) recruitment of child care providers of color; (2) multicultural training for all providers; (3) professional development opportunities for child care providers of color; (4) implementation of strategies for overcoming barriers to people of color entering the child care field; (5) collection of information on the informal system of child… [PDF]

Wang, Margaret C. (1992). Achieving Schooling Success for All Students. This essay discusses the prospect of utilizing well-confirmed knowledge to enhance the chances for the schooling success of every student in today's elementary schools through secondary schools. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the state of practice. The balance of the paper illustrates an efficient way to apply research and practical wisdom toward creating and implementing programs for improving educational equality. This discussion centers on findings from a recently completed synthesis of the research base and an analysis of consensus from the field on variables that are important to learning, which led to the development of a framework for systematic description of program features and assessment of implementation requirements and outcomes of approaches and practices. This framework, the Consensus Marker-Outcome Variable System (CMOVS), incorporates variables that are considered by professionals to be \important\ and \alterable\ so as to improve chances for students'… [PDF]

Deese, Stephanie; McKay, Sylvester (1991). The Dawning of a New Century: North Carolina Community College System Comprehensive Plan for Administrative Leadership through Diversity Enhancement. A Report to the System President. Based on a nationwide survey of existing programs and literature as well as the findings from local focus groups and data collection efforts, this report from the North Carolina Community College System (NCCCS) presents a series of recommendations for the promotion and recruitment of minorities and women for the senior-level administrative staff of the NCCCS. The report includes information data on past efforts to recruit and promote women and minorities on the staff of the NCCCS as well as at individual community colleges; provides current data on the ethnic and gender composition of the student body, faculty, and administration of North Carolina's community colleges; and reviews hiring trends nationwide and in the NCCCS. Among the 26 recommendations presented in the report are the following: (1) each college should incorporate, as part of its Institutional Effectiveness Plan, a leadership statement, hiring goals through the year 2002, timeframes and schedules, and monitoring and…

Cochran, Kathryn F., Ed.; Gardner, April L., Ed. (1991). Critical Issues in Reforming Elementary Teacher Preparation in Mathematics and Science. Conference Proceedings (Greeley, Colorado, October 10-13, 1991). The purpose of the conference reported in this document was to bring together national leaders in teacher education to disseminate findings and innovations in the reform of elementary teacher preparation in mathematics and science. The proceedings begin with a presentation of invited addresses: "New Curricula in Elementary Mathematics: What Are the Critical Factors?" (Shirley M. Frye); "The Reform of Elementary School Science: The Critical Issues" (Roger W. Bybee); and "The Integration of Content and Pedagogy in Teaching" (Hilda Borko). The proceedings then present 11 project summaries. Papers form 8 panel sessions comprise the main body of the proceedings; panel themes are teacher knowledge issues, special issues in teacher preparation, and institutional coordination issues. The panel session titles are: (1) Developing Teachers' Mathematics and Science Content Knowledge; (2) Developing Teachers' Pedagogical Knowledge; (3) Developing a Cohesive Program;… [PDF]

(1984). Why Not Me? Women in Non-Traditional Jobs. The WorkForce Series for Small Businesses. This guide presents ideas for dealing with women in nontraditional jobs for managers who work with young, entry-level workers in small businesses. The guide is designed to help managers (1) develop strategies to help them deal with workers' attitudes toward women in nontraditional jobs; (2) reduce adjustment problems; (3) build a cooperative, productive team of workers; and (4) solve problems of sex discrimination. The guide uses case studies to illustrate the techniques and ideas that are discussed. Key points are summarized at the end of the booklet, and a review quiz with answers is provided. A list of suggested resources completes the guide. (KC)…

Ellison, Nolen M.; Smith, Janet D. (1986). Access and Excellence: The Articulation Challenge among Urban High Schools, Community Colleges, and Four-Year Institutions. The issue of educational access affects persons who live in urban areas more than any other single group in the country. The vast majority of such persons are black and economically and socially disadvantaged. A look at enrollment by geographic regions across the nation shows over 50% of all black students are concentrated in less than 2% of the public schools, and that blacks are underrepresented in postsecondary enrollments. These trends underscore the need to assure educational excellence within the areas of access, process, achievement, and transfer. To avoid the continuing trend of greater division between the educated majority and the uneducated minorities, there must be concerted efforts to build partnerships for the purpose of improving the access, opportunity, and success of high school students as they move to community and junior colleges and on to four-year colleges and universities. Specifically, effective articulation strategies related to curriculum, student support…

Rodriguez, Max (1987). Second Annual Report of the Transfer Opportunities Program Covering the Period October 1, 1985 to September 30, 1986. In 1985-86, LaGuardia Community College (LCC) completed the developmental phase of a project aimed at increasing the number of minority, low-income urban students who transfer from LCC and complete a baccalaureate degree. During the year, the program had the following achievements: (1) linkages were established with the City University of New York (CUNY); (2) together with Baruch and Queens Colleges, LCC developed and implemented a joint admissions program; (3) contacts were initiated with State Univerity of New York campuses; (4) work with private colleges and universities led to various activities to help students develop a plan to pursue scholarships and private funding sources; (5) a second institute was held at Vassar College with 22 LCC students participating; (6) 57 juniors and seniors from six local high schools were selected to participate in the Credit Bank Program; (7) a Career Development Module was designed to introduce educational and career planning in the required… [PDF]