Glacel, Barbara Pate (1976). The Status of Equal Employment Opportunity for Women in the Federal Government. Journal of Intergroup Relations, 5, 1, 15-30, Mar 76. Notes that the purpose of this paper is not to prove that women are capable of performing in the public service and employment arena, but to prove that discrimination does, in fact, exist despite government claims of equal employment opportunity. (Author/AM)…

Parrish, Dorothy (1976). A Question of Survival: The Predicament of Black Women. Integrated Education, 14, 3, 19-23, May-Jun 76. Reprinted from \We'll Do it Ourselves: Combating Sexism in Education,\ published in 1974 by the Student Committee, Study Commission on Undergraduate Education and the Education of Teachers, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. (JM)…

Macleod, Jennifer S. (1976). The Importance of Social Diversity. Personnel Administrator, 21, 7, 20-23, Oct 76. Most of the changes that take place in an inclusionary philosophy that opens the corporation to all kinds of employees will pay for themselves many times over in tangible as well as intangible benefits to the company. (Author/IRT)…

(2003). Brief of Amici Curiae Columbia University, Cornell University, Georgetown University, Rice University, and Vanderbilt University in Support of Respondents. In the Supreme Court of the United States, Barbara Grutter, Petitioner, v. Lee Bollinger, et al., Respondents. Jennifer Gratz and Patrick Hamacher, Petitioners, v. Lee Bollinger, et al., Respondents on Writs of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. This legal document asserts that the judgement of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit in Grutter v. Bollinger (No. 02-241) and the order of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan in Gratz v. Bollinger (No. 02-516) should be affirmed. This brief, filed by five highly selective private universities in support of the University of Michigan, urges that First Amendment interests can be accommodated and Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI interests still vindicated by providing a high degree of deference to the University's good-faith determination as to how to further its academic mission. It urges specifically that when a university (especially a private university) determines that a constitutionally permissible goal–such as diversity within its student body–is essential to providing the highest quality educational experience for its students, any assessment of "narrow tailoring" as part of strict scrutiny analysis should… [PDF]

(2003). Race-Neutral Alternatives in Postsecondary Education: Innovative Approaches to Diversity. This publication describes "race-neutral" programs being implemented across the United States to work toward diversity in higher education without granting preferences based on race and ethnicity. Educational institutions will find that there are dozens of race-neutral options available and that the early results of these programs are promising. The publication does not endorse any particular program but does aim to foster innovative thinking about using race-neutral means to produce diversity among educational institutions. Race-neutral programs can be divided into two categories. Most attention is focused on admissions plans, but a large category of race-neutral efforts encompasses those designed to develop the skills, resources, and abilities of students who might not otherwise apply to and succeed in college. Descriptions of these developmental approaches include descriptions (1) expansion of advanced placement courses; (2) partnerships between colleges and… [PDF]

Shushok, Frank (2001). "Percentage Plans" for College Admissions. ACE Issue Brief. In reaction to the "Hopwood v. Texas" decision, which declared the use of race in college admissions illegal, Texas created a percentage plan that guaranteed admission to students who graduate within a specified percentile of their high school class. Under the Texas plan, any student graduating in the top 10% of his or her high school class is guaranteed admission to any state college or university. Other states have adopted such plans, and the features of percentage plans in five states are outlined in this brief. Only the plan in Texas has been in existence long enough to be evaluated, and the conclusion of the chair of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights is that the university system now rejects minority students who would have been admitted in the past, and who would have succeeded in college. However, the University at Texas has been able to maintain the same percentage of minority students after "Hopwood" by using the percentage plan. It appears, however,… [PDF]

Morse, Susan Ed. (2000). A License for Bias: Sex Discrimination, Schools, and Title IX. This report discusses non-sports-related Title IX complaints filed with the Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights (OCR) from 1993-1997. Its purpose is to dispel the popular belief that Title IX is a sports-equity law and to determine the effectiveness of the legislation. The document examines the kinds of complaints filed, the status of those making the complaints, and the actions taken in response by the OCR. It found that 70 percent of the Title IX complaints filed in the 4-year period were non-sports related. It also found that although Title IX has improved the educational climate for women and girls, enforcement of the law varies widely by region and is often hampered by the absence of guidelines and the overtolerance of institutional foot-dragging. The report encompasses 425 cases, representing more than 60 percent of nonsports-related cases resolved by the OCR. The report includes an overview of the scope and impact of Title IX; the enforcement of Title IX; case…

Venditti, Fred P. (1981). Major School Desegregation Problems: A Status Report. Integrated Education, v19 n3-6 p35-39 May-Dec. Identifies two major problems that impede school desegregation: (1) current strategies are not producing satisfactory results in either student assignment or in the promotion of Blacks to high administrative positions; and (2) many desegregated schools do not live up to the ideals of racial harmony and equal opportunity. Considers possible solutions. (Author/GC)…

England, Paula; And Others (1982). Skill Demands and Earnings in Female and Male Occupations. Sociology and Social Research, v66 n2 p147-68 Jan. Uses regression substitution procedure to show skill differences between male and female occupations explain virtually none of the earning gap between the sexes. Female occupations systematically pay less than is predicted by their skill demands. Doing manual work, in which men predominate, has a negative effect on female earnings. (NEC)…

Scott, Will B.; Thomas, Gail E. (1979). Black Youth and the Labor Market: The Unemployment Dilemma. Youth and Society, v11 n2 p163-89 Dec. Reviews economic and sociological theories that identify structural and personal factors associatied with unemployment. Suggests a policy approach for dealing with the problem, hypothesizing that effective social network systems and sponsorship groups are needed to help presently unemployed youth gain entry and acceptance into the labor market. (Author/GC)…

Weinberg, Lois Tuckerman (1979). An Answer to the \Liberal\ Objection to Special Admissions. Educational Theory, v29 n1 p21-29 Win. Three issues in the controversy over special admissions programs to higher education are presented. It is argued (1) that academic achievement need not be the sole criterion for admissions; (2) that race and sex can serve as qualifications for admission; and (3) that there are moral grounds for special admissions. (JMF)…

Mangum, Wiley P.; Rich, Thomas A. (1980). Ten Years of Career Training in Gerontology: The University of South Florida Experience. Gerontologist, v20 n5 p519-25 Oct. Almost 60 percent of the graduates were female but only 2.7 percent were non-White. Over 90 percent were employed in jobs related to aging. Recommendations include establishing a national gerontological job registry and requiring projects funded under the Older Americans Act to give consideration to hiring them. (Author)…

Eisen, Margaret J.; Ornati, Oscar A. (1981). Are You Complying with EEOC's New Rules on National Origin Discrimination?. Personnel, v58 n2 p12-20 Mar-Apr. Reviews the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's new guidelines on national origin discrimination and offers advice on steps an employer can take to eliminate such discrimination and harassment in personnel practices. (Author/WD)…

Cronbach, Lee J.; And Others (1980). A Mathematical Structure for Analyzing Fairness in Selection. Personnel Psychology, v33 n4 p693-704 Win. A model for examining tradeoffs between rate of minority hiring and quality of selectees is presented. In a representative case, substantial changes in the rate of minority hiring have only small effects on the quality of the work force. (Author)…

(1979). Editorial: NAACP Statement on Implications of the Bakke Decision. Crisis, v86 n2 p41-43 Feb. The NAACP concludes that the Supreme Court has upheld the use of race as an important factor to be considered in school admission and admission to the professions. (Author/MC)…

Cole, W. Graham; Dillon, Dorothy H. (1980). A Venture in Constitutional Law. Independent School, v39 n3 p39-42 Feb. Senior high girls and boys from two single-sex schools undertook a study of a Supreme Court case that provided insight not only into constitutional law and history but also into how men and women can work together and relate in other ways than dating. (DS)…

Davidson, Kenneth M. (1976). Preferential Treatment and Equal Opportunity. Oregon Law Review, 55, 53-83, 76. Concern is with the design of appropriately limited preferential remedies. Before considering who should formulate preferences and how their use should be limited, this article examines the definition of preferential treatment, legal constraints on its use, and factors making its use permissible. (LBH)…

Cross, Theodore, Ed. (1996). The Progress of Admissions of Black Students at the Nation's Highest-Ranked Colleges and Universities. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n13 p6-7 Aut. Presents the results of a survey of the admissions offices at the 25 highest-ranked national universities and the 25 highest-ranked liberal arts colleges concerning the number of African American applicants, their acceptance rates, enrollment numbers, and yield rates. (EMS)…

Williams, John B. (1997). Systemwide Desegregation of Public Higher Education: A Research Agenda. Journal for a Just and Caring Education, v3 n1 p63-75 Jan. The Supreme Court's recent legal reinterpretation of desegregation requirements for "de jure" segregated states and its finding (in "United States vs. Fordice") of continued segregation in Mississippi is being used by civil lights activists to compel redesign of effective remedies, monitor progress, and increase racial minorities' participation in higher education. Proposes an agenda for policy researchers' consideration. (MLH)…

Malveaux, Julianne (1997). The Myth of Educational Attainment: When a Black Woman's Master's Degree Equals a White Woman's Bachelor's Degree. Black Issues in Higher Education, v14 n21 p33 Dec 11. Argues that, when the results of downsizing affect blacks, it is assumed they will accept them, but when downsizing affects whites, they are ready to litigate and that the level of the employee's qualifications appears to be irrelevant. Suggests that the buy-out agreements in the Taxman v. Piscataway case deserve challenge. (MSE)…

Vo, Linda Trinh (1996). Asian Immigrants, Asian Americans, and the Politics of Economic Mobilization in San Diego. Amerasia Journal, v22 n2 p89-108. Presents an ethnographic study of the Asian Business Association in San Diego (California) highlighting the role that well-educated first generation immigrants play in pan-Asian economic mobilization. It examines how the first and subsequent generations challenged the institutionalized economic barriers in order to protect and promote their collective economic interests. (GR)…

Pierce, David R.; And Others (1996). Professional Development Resources for Minority Administrators. New Directions for Community Colleges, n94 p81-92 Sum. Argues that sound development programs have contributed to the community college's relative success in hiring minority administrators. Describes programs in four categories: university doctorates, higher education association programs, programs sponsored by minority higher education associations, and professional development programs designed by organizations in the field. Provides recommendations for publicizing the programs. (AJL)… [Direct]

Hyusamen, G. K. (1996). Fair and Unbiased Admission Procedures for South African Institutions of Higher Education. South African Journal of Higher Education, v10 n2 p199-207. South Africa's post-apartheid college admission strategies show that initially, applicants may be accepted or rejected solely based on academic merit. If predictors are found to be biased at this stage, they may be statistically adjusted. Subsequently, representation of specific groups may be considered using quotas, but also with consideration for financial constraints. (MSE)…

Sowell, Thomas (1990). On the Higher Learning in America: Some Comments. Public Interest, n99 p68-78 Spr. The author of \Choosing a College\ (Harper & Row, 1989) discusses the difference between teachers and researchers, matching schools with students, and the failure of reforms to improve the quality of teaching in institutions of higher learning. Attributes the recent renewal of overt campus racism to misguided preferential quota programs. (FMW)…

Goldstein, Barry L.; Patterson, Patrick O. (1988). Turning Back the Title VII Clock: The Resegregation of the American Work Force through Validity Generalization. Journal of Vocational Behavior, v33 n3 p452-62 Dec. Refers to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Supreme Court's disparate impact interpretation of Title VII in Griggs versus Duke Power Company. Contends that attacks on the Griggs decision are legally unsound and that claims made by advocates of validity generalization are scientifically unsupported. (Author/NB)…

Chait, Richard (1988). Providing Group Rewards for Group Performance. Academe, v74 n6 p23-24 Nov-Dec. By allocating some attention and rewards to group performance, colleges could make their reward systems more congruent and less hypocritical, send a clear message about institutional values and desired behavior, and link institutional strategies to departmental actions. (MSE)…

Cage, Mary Crystal (1989). Hispanic Political Leaders in New Mexico Subject Higher Education to New Scrutiny. Chronicle of Higher Education, v36 n2 pA27,29 Sep 13. Minority politicians who believe that colleges have ignored them in the past are winning political posts that are crucial for higher education and are using their new power. The ethnic composition of the faculty at the University of New Mexico has been the target of legislators in the last year. (MLW)…

Jaschik, Scott (1995). A Valuable Tool or Bias in Reverse?. Chronicle of Higher Education, v41 n33 pA14-16 Apr 28. Critics say the University of Maryland's race-specific scholarship program aids mostly well-off blacks and is biased against whites. The scholarships were established in 1979 to help make amends for the state's history of excluding blacks from the university. (MSE)…

Sanchez, Alex A. (1993). Diversity in Leadership, Diversity in the Classroom. Community College Journal, v63 n3 p31-33 Dec-Jan 1992-93. Perceives the key challenge facing community colleges in the 1990s to be the development of leadership that represents the diversity of the colleges' students and local constituents. Considers the components of a plan for changing institutional values, climate, and learning environment. (DMM)…

Moran, Rachel F. (1992). Finding a Place for Pluralism in the Schools: The Paradigms of Religion and Race. Update on Law-Related Education, v16 n2 p5-7,46 Spr-Sum. Discusses cultural pluralism in the U.S. educational system. Suggests that an official policy of religious neutrality cannot be the equivalent of colorblindness because the purpose of religious neutrality is diversity whereas that of racial neutrality is integration and assimilation. Concludes that much remains to be decided in dealing with both religion and race. (DK)…