(1974). [Trustees: Working Together–Making a Difference.] Report on the Annual Convention (5th, Portland, Oregon, September 26-28, 1974). Representatives from thirty states and the District of Columbia participated in the Fifth Annual Conference of the Association of Community College Trustees. Written and compiled by Journalism students at Portland Community College, this report presents highlights of the conference addresses and workshops, and interviews with participants, in a magazine format. Among topics discussed, the role of trustees in collective bargaining, the need for community colleges to become servants of their communities, financial and educational accountability, student tuition, and the problems of faculty tenure emerge as the most significant. Four major resolutions adopted by the conference participants were (1) to keep tuition at the lowest possible level, (2) to oppose federal or state government imposition of collective bargaining laws on the public sector of higher education, (3) to keep authority and control of salaries at the local board level, and (4) to eliminate faculty tenure. (DC)… [PDF]

Blaufarb, Marjorie Complying with Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 in Physical Education and High School Sports Programs. A Manual on Physical Education and Sports Programs for Administrators, Athletic Directors, Coaches, and Teachers in Local Education Agencies and for Personnel in General Physical Education Programs in Colleges and Universities. The American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation (AAHPER) has designed this manual to aid teachers, coaches, and administrators in implementing Title IX in physical education and sports. The manual provides an outline for self-evaluation to assess compliance with the regulations; and an action checklist for evaluation of compliance. Implementation on the elementary, intermediate, high school, and college levels is discussed briefly with some suggestions and guidelines offered. Specific guidelines are offered for the area of competitive sports, both intramural and interscholastic. Some problem areas that are likely to arise regarding the use and management of facilities, teacher behavior, employment, community relations, and student attitudes are discussed. (JMF)… [PDF]

Knight, Louise W.; Timpano, Doris M. (1976). Sex Discrimination in the Selection of School District Administrators: What Can Be Done? NIE Papers in Education and Work: Number Three. A grass-roots organization, Career Women in Education (CWE)) formed to increase the proportion of women administrators on Long Island. This booklet is about CWE-particularly how it organized to help women educators overcome discrimination–but it is also designed to be a how-to manual. Ideas are presented for starting a job-locating network, a talent bank, district fact folders, and workshops to help members prepare for applying for jobs; and for developing public relations and keeping in contact with local administrators. Other topics concern what administrators involved in hiring can do, what the law can do, and how women administrators can organize their own grass-roots organization. Useful devices are suggested that organizations can adopt to increase the opportunities for women in education. Appendixes identify documented practices of school districts that prevent women from securing administrative positions. Other items in the appendixes are a list of studies and reports… [PDF]

Eng, Jo Ellen E.; Gottsdanker, Josephine S. (1979). Positive Changes from a Career Development Program. Training and Development Journal, v33 n1 p3-7 Jan. A program for staff employees of the University of California (Santa Barbara) was developed to increase awareness of career possibilities, increase knowledge of how to reach those possibilities, and develop self-confidence to translate thinking into action. First year program results showed substantial attitude and career changes among trainees. (CSS)…

Gill, Robert Lewis (1978). The Afro-American before the Burger Court, 1976-1978: Justice Granted or Justice Denied?. Negro Educational Review, v29 n3-4 p161-211 Jul-Oct 1978, 78. Supreme Court rulings during 1976-78 on capital punishment; criminal justice and prisoner rights; busing and school desegregation; discrimination in housing and employment; rights of illegitimates and family relations; abortion, voting rights, tenant landlord relations; and "reverse discrimination" have had a significant impact on Black Americans. (Author/EB)…

Norton, Eleanor Holmes (1978). A Critical Year for Equal Employment. Journal of Intergroup Relations, v6 n4 p3-10 Dec. The Bakke decision, the President's civil rights reorganization, and the changes in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and at state and local civil rights agencies demand a greater professionalism in civil rights enforcement nationally. (Author/WI)…

Feagans, Jan (1978). Grassroots May Be Overpowered. Journal of Intergroup Relations, v6 n4 p23-29 Dec. The successful application of all new systems in regional offices of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission will require federal flexibility vis-a-vis Fair Employment Practices agencies' local variations and the realization that the allocation of resources will be a major determinant in the quality of federal-local teamwork. (Author/WI)…

Baily, Robert L.; And Others (1978). Minority Preference in Student Admissions: Parts 1-3. Journal of the National Association of College Admissions Counselors, 22, 3, 1-8, Apr 78. Authors Bailey, Roos, and Cabello discuss the potential effects on school admissions and minority preference programs as a result of the impending Supreme Court decision on the Bakke case. (HLM)…

Herbstritt, Michael R. (1978). Development and Implementation of Minimum Hiring Specifications. Journal of the College and University Personnel Association, 29, 3, 1-5, F 78. Specifications were developed to avoid possible discrimination and confusion in the hiring practices at a large southeastern university. They were developed through job analysis and a systematic file search designed to find the education and prior related work experience possessed by each incumbent. The specifications were validated as nondiscriminatory. (Author/LBH)…

Pyles, Jackson (1977). Rights in Conflict. Journal of Intergroup Relations, 6, 1, 18-23, Apr 77. Marco DeFunis' plight to be admitted to the University of Washington's Law School raises the question: Does one group's gain have to be another group's loss? (Author/JP)…

Keller, Suzanne (1976). Reply to Borgatta's The Concept of Reverse Discrimination and Equality of Opportunity. American Sociologist, 11, 2, 79-81, May 76. Notes that Borgatta is not overly concerned about the discrimination that forms the background to current efforts at cultural recompense for historic exclusion and neglect of disadvantaged groups. (Author/AM)…

Borgatta, Edgar F. (1976). Rejoinder…[to Susan Keller's Reply…]. American Sociologist, 11, 2, 82-84, May 76. Comments on Keller's response and notes that concern about discrimination is not the issue, but the recent development and informal acceptance of benign quotas and preference as a form of discrimination that is justified in the name of eliminating discrimination. (Author/AM)…

Orlans, Harold (1988). National Faculty Hiring Goals Flout the Demands of Many Women and Members of Minority Groups. Chronicle of Higher Education, v34 n23 pB1-2 Feb 17. Higher education cannot successfully pursue policies of both dispersing and concentrating minority and female faculty members. Were nationally uniform hiring goals actually achieved, most minority faculty members would have to move from the colleges where they are now teaching. (MLW)…

Capsel, William; Reyes, Donald J. (1986). Piagetian Cognitive Development in Some High-Risk University Freshmen. Equity and Excellence, v22 n4-6 p86-89 Sum. A complete equal opportunity program provides an intervention strategy based upon students' diagnosed deficiencies in academic preparation and cognitive development. This study considers formal or abstract operational capability as measured by attainment of Piagetian tasks by special-admission students in a large midwestern university. (LHW)…

Spiegelman, Paul J. (1985). Court-Ordered Hiring Quotas After Stotts: A Narrative on the Role of the Moralities of the Web and the Ladder in Employment Discrimination Doctrine. Harvard Civil Rights – Civil Liberties Law Review, v20 n2 p339-424 Sum. Provides an overview of controversies over the legality of employment quotas. Asserts that the realities of human relationships (which form a metaphorical \web\) cannot always be recognized and considered by the courts (which operate as a metaphorical \ladder\). (KH)…

Isaac, Paul D.; Pruitt, Anne S. (1985). Discrimination in Recruitment, Admission, and Retention of Minority Graduate Students. Journal of Negro Education, v54 n4 p526-36 Fall. Employs concepts from the theory of discrimination in internal labor markets to analyze the declining enrollment of minority students in graduate schools. Describes problems and suggests solutions in recruitment procedures, objective admission standards, subjective screening criteria, and student retention. (KH)…

Lyons, Phil (1985). An Agency with a Mind of Its Own: The EEOC's Guidelines on Employment Testing. New Perspectives, v17 n4 p20-25 Fall. Analyzes the legislative and judicial background of the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC)'s 1978 Uniform Guidelines on Employment Selection Procedures. Argues that the guidelines' apparent objectives are at odds with those of the legislators who created the EEOC in the 1960s: the guidelines force employers to discriminate by race. (KH)…

Sola, Peter; And Others (1986). Neo-Conservatives as Social Darwinists: Implications for Higher Education. Journal of Negro Education, v55 n1 p3-20 Win. Compares the Social Darwinism of the 1890s with neo-conservatism of the 1980s. Discusses the ideologies of fair play versus fair shares, the theory of supply-side economics, and the implications of neo-conservatism for higher education. Argues that neo-conservatism is altering radically our conceptions of democracy, equality, and freedom. (KH)…

Divine, Thomas M. (1976). Women in the Academy: Sex Discrimination in University Faculty Hiring and Promotion. Journal of Law and Education, 5, 4, 429-451, Oct 76. …

(2003). Brief for the United States as Amicus Curiae Supporting Petitioner. On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Barbara Grutter, Petitioner, v. Lee Bollinger, et al. In the Supreme Court of the United States. This legal document examines whether the University of Michigan Law School's use of racial preferences in student admissions violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et. seq.), or 42 U.S.C. 1981. This brief filed by the federal government in support of the petitioner argues that respondents' use of race-based admission criteria is not justified in light of ample race-neutral alternatives: public universities have ample means to ensure that their services are open and available to all Americans; these ample race-neutral alternatives render respondents' race-based policy both unnecessary and unconstitutional; the Law School's admissions program operates as an impermissible quota system; and other requirements of this Court's narrow tailoring analysis reinforce the unconstitutionality of the respondents' race-based admission policy (the Law School's admission policy would permit race-based discrimination… [PDF]

(2003). In the Supreme Court of the United States, Jennifer Gratz and Patrick Hamacher, Petitioners, versus Lee Bollinger, James J. Duderstadt, and the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan, Respondents on Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Brief for Respondents. This legal document addresses whether the Court should reaffirm its decision in Regents of University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978), holding that the educational benefits which flow from a diverse student body to an institution of higher education, its students, and the public it serves are sufficiently compelling to permit the school to consider race and/or ethnicity as one of many factors in making admissions decisions through a "properly devised" admissions program. It discusses whether the admissions program of the University of Michigan's College of Literature, Science, and the Arts (LS&A) is properly devised. It asserts that the University of Michigan may consider race and ethnicity as factors in admissions to obtain the educational benefits of diversity, noting that: settled principles of Stare Decisis require continued adherence to Bakke's core holding, and institutions of higher learning have a compelling interest in obtaining the educational… [PDF]

Flores, Stella M.; Horn, Catherine L. (2003). Percent Plans in College Admissions: A Comparative Analysis of Three States' Experiences. Texas, California, and Florida are implementing versions of a percent plan in college admissions. This report assesses these plans using data from published information on the plans; state- and institution-calculated higher education application, admission, and enrollment data; media accounts of social and political contexts surrounding the plans; and interviews with key administrators at several flagship institutions. The report describes the public university systems, outlines the history of each plan's creation, and presents data on the effectiveness of these plans in creating and maintaining racially diverse student bodies. It also highlights efforts of individual flagship institutions (where, because of the competitiveness of their admission standards, race-conscious policies have been essential in maintaining diversity) toward these goals. In outlining similarities and differences in these three states' approaches to ending race-conscious admission policies, the report… [PDF]

Black, Dan A.; Daniel, Kermit; Smith, Jeffrey (2001). Racial Differences in the Effects of College Quality and Student Body Diversity on Wages. This chapter presents a study which used data from the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to examine racial differences in the effects of college quality and student diversity on wages. The study investigated whether the economic benefit of college quality might be higher for groups helped by diversity programs and whether a racially diverse student body would directly benefit all students. The NLSY provided data on student characteristics and demographics, student ability, college attended, and post-college wages. For each respondent who attended college, researchers collected data on college characteristics from the U.S. Department of Education's Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System and U.S. News and World Report's Directory of Colleges and Universities. There was a much larger effect of college quality on the later wages of blacks than non-blacks. Attending a college with moderate student diversity, as measured by the fraction of black students, raised… [PDF]

Splitt, David A. (1983). School Law. Executive Educator, v5 n8 p9-10 Aug. Outlines recent court cases related to schools concerning such things as tax exempt status for private schools, minimum competency testing as a graduation requirement, religious groups meeting in schools, and racial discrimination when rehiring teachers who were laid off. (JM)…

Reynolds, Wm. Bradford (1983). Report from the Justice Department. Journal of Intergroup Relations, v11 n3 p37-45 Fall. The Reagan Administration believes in equal employment opportunity, which requires that every individual receive an equal opportunity for employment on strength of individual merit. Any compromise, such as racially preferential hirings, promotions, or terminations, whether from benign or pernicious motives, cannot be fairly described as "affirmative." (CMG)…

Wilson, Margaret Bush (1980). The Decision Is Not Yours. Journal of the National Association of College Admissions Counselors, v24 n1 p7-12 Jan. In the 1970s, school systems across the nation still practiced philosophies which perpetuate injustice and inequality of educational opportunity. Presented at the 35th Annual Conference of the National Association of College Admissions Counselors, October 1979, St. Louis, Missouri. (Author)…

Clifton, Marguerite A. (1980). Reality and Visions. Quest, v32 n2 p143-51. The heritage of physical education and its possible directions for the future are explored. The changing interrelationship of athletics and physical education are presented in relation to their place among academic disciplines in the higher education curriculum. (JN)…

Jordon, Vernon E. (1979). How Far We Still Must Go. AGB Reports, v21 n4 p10-14 Jul-Aug. Higher education's commitment to equal educational opportunity is shown to have eroded in the past decade. In faculty posts, in administration, on governing boards, Blacks are still underrepresented. Black student enrollment is concentrated disproportionately in the community colleges. Black colleges, the credibility crisis, and overcoming past discrimination are discussed. (Author/MLW)…

Seltz-Petrash, Ann (1980). The Great Womanhunt. Occupational Outlook Quarterly, v24 n2 p14-16 Sum. Discusses the aggressive recruitment of women by engineering schools and firms, progress in eliminating sex discrimination barriers, and lingering sex bias problems in the field. Offers suggestions to new women engineering graduates. (SK)…

Glenn, Ethel C.; Pood, Elliott A. (1980). Interview Training for Management Recruiters: The AT&T Case Study. Journal of Business Communication, v17 n5 p3-11 Fall. Reviews the management recruiters training program used by the American Telephone and Telegraph Corporation. Points out that one aspect of the program is to ignore communication variables in the initial interview. Discusses implications of this approach. (JMF)…